Probiotics can regulate the body’s immune system through both non-specific and specific immunity,thereby regulating host health.In terms of non-specific immune regulation,probiotics can activate the intrinsic immune ...Probiotics can regulate the body’s immune system through both non-specific and specific immunity,thereby regulating host health.In terms of non-specific immune regulation,probiotics can activate the intrinsic immune system,regulate the mucosal barrier function,and play an immune role by influencing the activity of intrinsic immune cells such as macrophages,dendritic cells and natural killer cells,as well as their differentiation and maturation;in terms of specific immune regulation,probiotics play a role in regulating the immunoglobulin level and the maturation of B cells.Probiotics can also regulate T-cell differentiation according to the condition of the body,thus regulating specific immunity.Many studies have focused on the role of probiotics in metabolism and nutrition,and the mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory role of probiotics have only been partially described.This review summarises the role of common probiotics such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in immunomodulation as well as their mechanisms,describing the currently known mechanisms of immunomodulation by probiotics in improving the host immune system.A deeper understanding of probiotics and their specific mechanisms of action will facilitate the use of probiotics for immunomodulation in clinical medicine,functional foods,and other areas.This will also contribute to the development and research of engineered probiotics,next-generation probiotics,and other new functional probiotics with immunomodulatory effects.展开更多
The high invasiveness and metastatic potential of breast cancer increase the risk of postoperative recurrence.To address this issue,a composite hydrogel drug delivery system based on sodium alginate(SA)has been develo...The high invasiveness and metastatic potential of breast cancer increase the risk of postoperative recurrence.To address this issue,a composite hydrogel drug delivery system based on sodium alginate(SA)has been developed for the in situ release of carbon monoxide(CO)at the tumor resection site.This system aims to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy and improve the clearance of residual tumor cells after surgery,thereby pre-venting tumor recurrence and metastasis.A gold nanoparticle-modified g-C_(3)N_(4)nanophotocatalyst(C_(3)N_(4)/Au)has been designed to convert CO_(2)within the tumor into CO under visible light irradiation.The C_(3)N_(4)/Au is loaded into an SA hydrogel and applied to the postoperative incision in a spray form.The rapid crosslinking reaction between SA and Ca^(2+)forms a network structure,enabling precise drug delivery.CO is generated in situ in the postoperative tumor tissue under light stimulation and is combined with folic acid(FA)modified doxorubicin(DOX)micelles(FA@DM)to achieve effective synergy between CO therapy and chemotherapy.The composite hydrogel drug delivery system not only increases the concentration of CO within the tumor and reduces systemic toxicity but also enhances the effectiveness of chemotherapy by increasing oxidative stress within tumor cells.It provides a new and safe strategy for efficient and precise postoperative tumor treatment,reducing the risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis.展开更多
基金funded by Ausnutria-kabrita Research Fund(RS2022-14).
文摘Probiotics can regulate the body’s immune system through both non-specific and specific immunity,thereby regulating host health.In terms of non-specific immune regulation,probiotics can activate the intrinsic immune system,regulate the mucosal barrier function,and play an immune role by influencing the activity of intrinsic immune cells such as macrophages,dendritic cells and natural killer cells,as well as their differentiation and maturation;in terms of specific immune regulation,probiotics play a role in regulating the immunoglobulin level and the maturation of B cells.Probiotics can also regulate T-cell differentiation according to the condition of the body,thus regulating specific immunity.Many studies have focused on the role of probiotics in metabolism and nutrition,and the mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory role of probiotics have only been partially described.This review summarises the role of common probiotics such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in immunomodulation as well as their mechanisms,describing the currently known mechanisms of immunomodulation by probiotics in improving the host immune system.A deeper understanding of probiotics and their specific mechanisms of action will facilitate the use of probiotics for immunomodulation in clinical medicine,functional foods,and other areas.This will also contribute to the development and research of engineered probiotics,next-generation probiotics,and other new functional probiotics with immunomodulatory effects.
基金sponsored by Joint Program on Health Science&Technology Innovation of Hainan Province(WSJK2025QN058)Incubation Fund Project of Ruijin-Hainan Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(Hainan Boao Research Hospital)(RJHN2024YP002)+2 种基金the General project of NSFC(82272128)Public welfare applied research project of Huzhou Science and Technology Bureau(2022GZ68)Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission Research Project(NO.PW2021A-42).
文摘The high invasiveness and metastatic potential of breast cancer increase the risk of postoperative recurrence.To address this issue,a composite hydrogel drug delivery system based on sodium alginate(SA)has been developed for the in situ release of carbon monoxide(CO)at the tumor resection site.This system aims to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy and improve the clearance of residual tumor cells after surgery,thereby pre-venting tumor recurrence and metastasis.A gold nanoparticle-modified g-C_(3)N_(4)nanophotocatalyst(C_(3)N_(4)/Au)has been designed to convert CO_(2)within the tumor into CO under visible light irradiation.The C_(3)N_(4)/Au is loaded into an SA hydrogel and applied to the postoperative incision in a spray form.The rapid crosslinking reaction between SA and Ca^(2+)forms a network structure,enabling precise drug delivery.CO is generated in situ in the postoperative tumor tissue under light stimulation and is combined with folic acid(FA)modified doxorubicin(DOX)micelles(FA@DM)to achieve effective synergy between CO therapy and chemotherapy.The composite hydrogel drug delivery system not only increases the concentration of CO within the tumor and reduces systemic toxicity but also enhances the effectiveness of chemotherapy by increasing oxidative stress within tumor cells.It provides a new and safe strategy for efficient and precise postoperative tumor treatment,reducing the risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis.
