Restricted fetal growth(RFG)is a leading contributor to perinatal mortality and has been associated with gestational exposure to air pollution,such as fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),nitrogen dioxide(NO2),and polycy...Restricted fetal growth(RFG)is a leading contributor to perinatal mortality and has been associated with gestational exposure to air pollution,such as fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),nitrogen dioxide(NO2),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).This study examines the association between trimester-specific and weekly means of air pollution throughout gestation and placental inflammatory markers at delivery.In a prospective cohort study of 263 pregnant women in Rochester,NY,we measured interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)in placental tissue and estimated gestational exposure to PM_(2.5)and NO_(2)using a high-resolution spatial-temporal model.Exposure to PAHs was estimated using urinary 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OHP)concentrations collected once per trimester.Using distributed lag models with a penalized spline function,each interquartile range(2.6μg/m^(3))increase in PM_(2.5)concentration during gestational weeks 6−11 was associated with decreased placental IL-6 levels(−22.2%,95%CI:−39.0%,−0.64%).Using multiple linear regression models,each interquartile range increase of 1-OHP was associated with an increase in TNF-αin the first trimester(58.5%,95%CI:20.7%,74.2%),third trimester(22.9%,95%CI:0.04%,49.5%),and entire pregnancy(29.6%,95%CI:3.9%,60.6%).Our results suggest gestational exposure to air pollution may alter the inflammatory environment of the placenta at delivery.展开更多
Previous toxicological research has suggested the potential neurotoxicity of ultrafine particulate matter(UFP,particles≤0.1μm in diameter).However,evidence from human beings,particularly regarding the neurodevelopme...Previous toxicological research has suggested the potential neurotoxicity of ultrafine particulate matter(UFP,particles≤0.1μm in diameter).However,evidence from human beings,particularly regarding the neurodevelopmental impacts of UFP,is still limited.We enrolled 11,230 children aged 3−5.5 years from Shanghai,China.Residential UFP exposure was assessed by a land use regression model with a spatial resolution of 50 m.The neurodevelopment of preschoolers was assessed using the Ages&Stages Questionnaires,Third Edition.Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the associations of UFP exposure with risk of suspected neurodevelopmental delay.For our participants,the median of UFP exposure was 24,478[interquartile range(IQR):22,773−27,657]number per cubic centimeter.We observed that each IQR increase in UFP was associated with 8%[odds ratio(OR),1.08;95%CI,1.02−1.15]and 12%(OR,1.12;95%CI,1.02−1.22)higher odds of suspected neurodevelopmental delay in gross and fine motor skills,respectively.These associations show a monotonically upward dose−response manner across overall UFP concentrations.Our findings suggest that UFP exposure during early childhood is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay among Chinese preschoolers.展开更多
Previous studies documented increased nitrative stress and susceptibility to air pollution among individuals with chronic inflammatory conditions.This study examines the role of anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective ...Previous studies documented increased nitrative stress and susceptibility to air pollution among individuals with chronic inflammatory conditions.This study examines the role of anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective nitrated fatty acids(i.e.,NO2-cLA)in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)'s and ischemic heart disease(IHD)'s susceptibility to air pollution.In a randomized crossover study,40 healthy,40 COPD,and 39 IHD adults underwent a 2 h walk in a more polluted street or a less polluted park.We measured urinary NO2-cLA before and 24 h after the walk,as well as respiratory inflammatory biomarkers,lung function,airway resistance,and arterial stiffness.Baseline NO2-cLA levels were 2.56(95%CI:1.20-5.43)-fold higher among COPD participants than healthy participants,which can be explained by higher fractional exhaled nitric oxide and sputum myeloperoxidase levels.Among COPD but not healthy or IHD participants,the street walk,compared to park,led to a 57.7%(95%CI:7.6-80.6%)decrease in NO2-cLA levels and sputum biomarker changes indicative of decreased neutrophil inflammation and proresolving responses.Decreased NO2-cLA levels were associated with exposure to black carbon and ultrafine particles and worsened lung function and arterial stiffness.Taken together,nitrated fatty acids partially mediate COPD patients'cardiorespiratory responses to air pollution,explaining their susceptibility.展开更多
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the Chinese population was among the highest globally and associated with various adverse effects.This study examines the impact of China’s twophase clean air init...Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the Chinese population was among the highest globally and associated with various adverse effects.This study examines the impact of China’s twophase clean air initiatives,namely the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan(APPCAP)in2013–2017 and the Blue-Sky Defense War(BSDW)in 2018–2020,on PAH levels and human exposures in Beijing.To evaluate the effects of APPCAP,we measured 16 PAHs in 287 PM_(2.5)samples collected in Beijing and 9 PAH metabolites in 358 urine samples obtained from 54 individuals who traveled from Los Angeles to Beijing between 2014 and 2018.The concentration of PM_(2.5)-bound benzo[a]pyrene equivalents(BaPeq)decreased by 88.5%in 2014–2018 due to reduced traffic,coal,and biomass emissions.PAH metabolite concentrations in travelers’urine decreased by 52.3%in Beijing,correlated with changes in PM_(2.5)and NO2levels.In contrast,no significant changes were observed in Los Angeles.To evaluate BSDW’s effects,we collected 123 additional PM_(2.5)samples for PAH measurements in 2019–2021.We observed sustained reductions in BaPeq concentrations attributable to reductions in coal and biomass emissions during the BSDW phase,but those from traffic sources remained unchanged.After accounting for meteorological factors,China’s two-phase clean air initiatives jointly reduced Beijing’s PM_(2.5)-bound BaPeq concentrations by 96.6%from 2014 to 2021.These findings provide compelling evidence for the effectiveness of China’s clean air actions in mitigating population exposure to PAHs in Beijing.展开更多
基金funded by the National Institutes of Health(R01ES027495,UG3 OD023349,HD083369)The Wynne Center for Family Research+1 种基金The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(UL1 TR002001)the University of Rochester CTSA。
文摘Restricted fetal growth(RFG)is a leading contributor to perinatal mortality and has been associated with gestational exposure to air pollution,such as fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),nitrogen dioxide(NO2),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).This study examines the association between trimester-specific and weekly means of air pollution throughout gestation and placental inflammatory markers at delivery.In a prospective cohort study of 263 pregnant women in Rochester,NY,we measured interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)in placental tissue and estimated gestational exposure to PM_(2.5)and NO_(2)using a high-resolution spatial-temporal model.Exposure to PAHs was estimated using urinary 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OHP)concentrations collected once per trimester.Using distributed lag models with a penalized spline function,each interquartile range(2.6μg/m^(3))increase in PM_(2.5)concentration during gestational weeks 6−11 was associated with decreased placental IL-6 levels(−22.2%,95%CI:−39.0%,−0.64%).Using multiple linear regression models,each interquartile range increase of 1-OHP was associated with an increase in TNF-αin the first trimester(58.5%,95%CI:20.7%,74.2%),third trimester(22.9%,95%CI:0.04%,49.5%),and entire pregnancy(29.6%,95%CI:3.9%,60.6%).Our results suggest gestational exposure to air pollution may alter the inflammatory environment of the placenta at delivery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82173533)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3703002)the Shanghai Three-Year Public Health Action Plan(Grant GWVI-11.2-XD17).
文摘Previous toxicological research has suggested the potential neurotoxicity of ultrafine particulate matter(UFP,particles≤0.1μm in diameter).However,evidence from human beings,particularly regarding the neurodevelopmental impacts of UFP,is still limited.We enrolled 11,230 children aged 3−5.5 years from Shanghai,China.Residential UFP exposure was assessed by a land use regression model with a spatial resolution of 50 m.The neurodevelopment of preschoolers was assessed using the Ages&Stages Questionnaires,Third Edition.Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the associations of UFP exposure with risk of suspected neurodevelopmental delay.For our participants,the median of UFP exposure was 24,478[interquartile range(IQR):22,773−27,657]number per cubic centimeter.We observed that each IQR increase in UFP was associated with 8%[odds ratio(OR),1.08;95%CI,1.02−1.15]and 12%(OR,1.12;95%CI,1.02−1.22)higher odds of suspected neurodevelopmental delay in gross and fine motor skills,respectively.These associations show a monotonically upward dose−response manner across overall UFP concentrations.Our findings suggest that UFP exposure during early childhood is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay among Chinese preschoolers.
基金funded by the British Heart Foundation(PGF/10/82/28608).
文摘Previous studies documented increased nitrative stress and susceptibility to air pollution among individuals with chronic inflammatory conditions.This study examines the role of anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective nitrated fatty acids(i.e.,NO2-cLA)in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)'s and ischemic heart disease(IHD)'s susceptibility to air pollution.In a randomized crossover study,40 healthy,40 COPD,and 39 IHD adults underwent a 2 h walk in a more polluted street or a less polluted park.We measured urinary NO2-cLA before and 24 h after the walk,as well as respiratory inflammatory biomarkers,lung function,airway resistance,and arterial stiffness.Baseline NO2-cLA levels were 2.56(95%CI:1.20-5.43)-fold higher among COPD participants than healthy participants,which can be explained by higher fractional exhaled nitric oxide and sputum myeloperoxidase levels.Among COPD but not healthy or IHD participants,the street walk,compared to park,led to a 57.7%(95%CI:7.6-80.6%)decrease in NO2-cLA levels and sputum biomarker changes indicative of decreased neutrophil inflammation and proresolving responses.Decreased NO2-cLA levels were associated with exposure to black carbon and ultrafine particles and worsened lung function and arterial stiffness.Taken together,nitrated fatty acids partially mediate COPD patients'cardiorespiratory responses to air pollution,explaining their susceptibility.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3702704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42293324)+1 种基金the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences(1R21ES024560)extensive support from the Joint Research Institute in Science and Engineering by Peking University and UCLA。
文摘Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the Chinese population was among the highest globally and associated with various adverse effects.This study examines the impact of China’s twophase clean air initiatives,namely the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan(APPCAP)in2013–2017 and the Blue-Sky Defense War(BSDW)in 2018–2020,on PAH levels and human exposures in Beijing.To evaluate the effects of APPCAP,we measured 16 PAHs in 287 PM_(2.5)samples collected in Beijing and 9 PAH metabolites in 358 urine samples obtained from 54 individuals who traveled from Los Angeles to Beijing between 2014 and 2018.The concentration of PM_(2.5)-bound benzo[a]pyrene equivalents(BaPeq)decreased by 88.5%in 2014–2018 due to reduced traffic,coal,and biomass emissions.PAH metabolite concentrations in travelers’urine decreased by 52.3%in Beijing,correlated with changes in PM_(2.5)and NO2levels.In contrast,no significant changes were observed in Los Angeles.To evaluate BSDW’s effects,we collected 123 additional PM_(2.5)samples for PAH measurements in 2019–2021.We observed sustained reductions in BaPeq concentrations attributable to reductions in coal and biomass emissions during the BSDW phase,but those from traffic sources remained unchanged.After accounting for meteorological factors,China’s two-phase clean air initiatives jointly reduced Beijing’s PM_(2.5)-bound BaPeq concentrations by 96.6%from 2014 to 2021.These findings provide compelling evidence for the effectiveness of China’s clean air actions in mitigating population exposure to PAHs in Beijing.
