Periodic wall oscillations in the spanwise or circumferential direction can greatly reduce the friction drag in turbulent channel and pipe flows. In a concentric annulus, the constant rotation of the inner cylinder ca...Periodic wall oscillations in the spanwise or circumferential direction can greatly reduce the friction drag in turbulent channel and pipe flows. In a concentric annulus, the constant rotation of the inner cylinder can intensify turbulence fluctuations and enhance skin friction due to centrifugal instabilities. In the present study, the effects of the periodic oscillation of the inner wall on turbulent flows through concentric annulus are investigated by the direct numerical simulation(DNS). The radius ratio of the inner to the outer cylinders is 0.1, and the Reynolds number is 2 225 based on the bulk mean velocity Um and the half annulus gap H. The influence of oscillation period is considered. It is found that for short-period oscillations, the Stokes layer formed by the circumferential wall movement can effectively inhibit the near-wall coherent motions and lead to skin friction reduction, while for long-period oscillations, the centrifugal instability has enough time to develop and generate new vortices, resulting in the enhancement of turbulence intensity and skin friction.展开更多
Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is known for rapid development and chronic inflammation-induced immunosup-pression.IL-6 and IL-17A are the essential cytokines that facilitate NSCLC progression and myeloid-derived sup...Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is known for rapid development and chronic inflammation-induced immunosup-pression.IL-6 and IL-17A are the essential cytokines that facilitate NSCLC progression and myeloid-derived suppressive cell(MDSC)-mediated evasion.IL-6 or IL-17A targeting,especially IL-6,shown outstanding efficacy in patient NSCLC controlling,but failed to completely eradicate tumor.The local tumor multi-mode thermal therapy developed in our prior research was demonstrated to stimulate systemic and durable tumor-specific immune response thereby promoting long-term tumor-free survival of mice and prolong the progression-free survival of patients,although the therapeutic efficacy was still affected by high-level preoperative MDSCs.To further improve the efficacy,in this study,IL-6 and IL-17A neutraliza-tion were combined with multi-mode thermal therapy in mouse LLC1 NSCLC model.Study revealed that combined with single cytokine neutralization only prolonged the survival time while triple combination therapy efficiently improved the survival rate.Additionally,triple combination therapy reduced the accumulation of MDSCs but promoted their maturation with strengthened activation and function of myeloid cells,thereby triggering a Th1-dominant-CD4^(+)T cell-response and enhancing the malignant cell-killing capacity of immune cells.Our study highlights the extraordinary efficacy of combining multi-mode thermal therapy with IL-6 and IL-17A neutralization,revealing a new strategy for refractory NSCLC patients.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11490551)
文摘Periodic wall oscillations in the spanwise or circumferential direction can greatly reduce the friction drag in turbulent channel and pipe flows. In a concentric annulus, the constant rotation of the inner cylinder can intensify turbulence fluctuations and enhance skin friction due to centrifugal instabilities. In the present study, the effects of the periodic oscillation of the inner wall on turbulent flows through concentric annulus are investigated by the direct numerical simulation(DNS). The radius ratio of the inner to the outer cylinders is 0.1, and the Reynolds number is 2 225 based on the bulk mean velocity Um and the half annulus gap H. The influence of oscillation period is considered. It is found that for short-period oscillations, the Stokes layer formed by the circumferential wall movement can effectively inhibit the near-wall coherent motions and lead to skin friction reduction, while for long-period oscillations, the centrifugal instability has enough time to develop and generate new vortices, resulting in the enhancement of turbulence intensity and skin friction.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0909003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82072085)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.19DZ2280300 and No.ZJ2021-ZD-007).
文摘Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is known for rapid development and chronic inflammation-induced immunosup-pression.IL-6 and IL-17A are the essential cytokines that facilitate NSCLC progression and myeloid-derived suppressive cell(MDSC)-mediated evasion.IL-6 or IL-17A targeting,especially IL-6,shown outstanding efficacy in patient NSCLC controlling,but failed to completely eradicate tumor.The local tumor multi-mode thermal therapy developed in our prior research was demonstrated to stimulate systemic and durable tumor-specific immune response thereby promoting long-term tumor-free survival of mice and prolong the progression-free survival of patients,although the therapeutic efficacy was still affected by high-level preoperative MDSCs.To further improve the efficacy,in this study,IL-6 and IL-17A neutraliza-tion were combined with multi-mode thermal therapy in mouse LLC1 NSCLC model.Study revealed that combined with single cytokine neutralization only prolonged the survival time while triple combination therapy efficiently improved the survival rate.Additionally,triple combination therapy reduced the accumulation of MDSCs but promoted their maturation with strengthened activation and function of myeloid cells,thereby triggering a Th1-dominant-CD4^(+)T cell-response and enhancing the malignant cell-killing capacity of immune cells.Our study highlights the extraordinary efficacy of combining multi-mode thermal therapy with IL-6 and IL-17A neutralization,revealing a new strategy for refractory NSCLC patients.
