Osteochondral defects pose an enormous challenge,and no satisfactory therapy is available to date due to the hierarchy of the native tissue consisting of articular cartilage and subchondral bone.Constructing a scaffol...Osteochondral defects pose an enormous challenge,and no satisfactory therapy is available to date due to the hierarchy of the native tissue consisting of articular cartilage and subchondral bone.Constructing a scaffold with biological function and biomimetic structure is the key to achieving a high-quality repair effect.Herein,a natural polymer-based bilayer scaffold with a porous architecture similar to that of osteochondral tissue is designed,involving the transforming growth factor-beta3-liposome-loaded upper layer for superficial cartilage regeneration and the nanohydroxyapatite-coated lower layer for subchondral bone rehabilitation.This research is conducted to evaluate the effects of nanoparticle-modified bilayer scaffold to mimic the hierarchical pro-chondrogenic and proosteogenic microenvironment for the recruited endogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.The fabricated composites were evaluated for mechanical,physicochemical,biological properties,in vitro and in vivo tissue regeneration potential.Overall,the current bilayer scaffold could regenerate a cartilage-bone integrated tissue with a seamless interfacial integration and exhibited superior tissue repair outcomes compared to other single layer scaffolds based on morphological,radiological and histological evaluation,verifying that this novel graft could be an effective approach to tissue-engineered analogs of cartilage-subchondral bone and offer new therapeutic opportunities for osteochondral defect-associated diseases.展开更多
Metal halide perovskites(MHP)are potential candidates for the photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)due to their long photogenerated carrier lifetime and charge diffusion length.However,the conventional long-chain ligand ...Metal halide perovskites(MHP)are potential candidates for the photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)due to their long photogenerated carrier lifetime and charge diffusion length.However,the conventional long-chain ligand impedes the adsorption and activation of CO_(2)molecules in practical applications.Here,a ligand modulation technology is employed to enhance the photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction activity of lead-free Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6)microcrystals(MCs).The Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6)MCs passivated by Oleic acid(OLA)and Octanoic acid(OCA)are used for photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.The results show that the surface defects and electronic properties of Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6)MCs can be adjusted through ligand modulation.Compared with the OLA-Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6),the OCA-Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6)catalyst demonstrated a significant improvement in the catalytic yield of CO and CH_(4).The CO and CH_(4)catalytic yields of OCA-Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6)reached 171.88 and34.15μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)which were 2.03 and 12.98 times higher than those of OLA-Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6),and the total electron consumption rate of OCA-Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6)was 615.2μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)which was 3.25 times higher than that of OLA-Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6).Furthermore,in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra revealed the enhancement of photocatalytic activity in Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6)MCs induced by ligand modulation.This study illustrates the potential of lead-free Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6)MCs for efficient photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction and provides a ligand modulation strategy for the active promotion of MHP photocatalysts.展开更多
Quorum sensing(QS)regulation of the composition of ammonia-oxidising archaea(AOA)and ammonia-oxidising bacteria(AOB)communities and functions in wastewater treatment was investigated.Specifically,we explored the role ...Quorum sensing(QS)regulation of the composition of ammonia-oxidising archaea(AOA)and ammonia-oxidising bacteria(AOB)communities and functions in wastewater treatment was investigated.Specifically,we explored the role of N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones(AHLs)in microbial community dynamics in activated sludge.On average,the specific ammoniaoxidising-rate increased from 1.6 to 2.8 mg NH_4^+-N/g MLSS/hr after treatment with long-chain AHLs for 16 days,and the addition of AHLs to sludge resulted in an increased number of AOA/AOB amoA genes.Significant differences were observed in the AOA communities of control and AHL-treated cultures,but not the AOB community.Furthermore,the dominant functional AOA strains of the Crenarchaeota altered their ecological niche in response to AHL addition.These results provide evidence that AHLs play an important role in mediating AOA/AOB microbial community parameters and demonstrate the potential for application of QS to the regulation of nitrogen compound metabolism in wastewater treatment.展开更多
The settlement of the Tibetan Plateau epitomizes human adaptation to a high-altitude environment that poses great challenges to human activity.Here,we reconstruct a 4000-year maternal genetic history of Tibetans using...The settlement of the Tibetan Plateau epitomizes human adaptation to a high-altitude environment that poses great challenges to human activity.Here,we reconstruct a 4000-year maternal genetic history of Tibetans using 128 ancient mitochondrial genome data from 37 sites in Xizang.The phylogeny of haplotypes M9a1a,M9a1b,D4g2,G2a’c,and D4i show that ancient Tibetans share the most recent common ancestor with ancient Middle and Upper Yellow River populations around the Early and Middle Holocene.In addition,the connections between Tibetans and Northeastern Asians vary over the past 4000 years,with a stronger matrilineal connection between the two during 4000 BPe3000 BP,and a weakened connection after 3000 BP,that are coincident with climate change,followed by a reinforced connection after the Tubo period(1400 BPe1100 BP).Besides,an over 4000-year matrilineal continuity is observed in some of the maternal lineages.We also find the maternal genetic structure of ancient Tibetans is correlated to the geography and interactions between ancient Tibetans and ancient Nepal and Pakistan populations.Overall,the maternal genetic history of Tibetans can be characterized as a long-term matrilineal continuity with frequent internal and external population interactions that are dynamically shaped by geography,climate changes,as well as historical events.展开更多
Southern East Asia,including Guangxi and Fujian provinces in China,is home to diverse ethnic groups,languages,and cultures.Previous studies suggest a high complexity regarding population dynamics and the history of so...Southern East Asia,including Guangxi and Fujian provinces in China,is home to diverse ethnic groups,languages,and cultures.Previous studies suggest a high complexity regarding population dynamics and the history of southern East Asians.However,large-scale genetic studies on ancient populations in this region are hindered by limited sample preservation.Here,using highly efficient DNA capture techniques,we obtain 48 complete mitochondrial genomes of individuals from Guangxi and Fujian in China and reconstruct their maternal genetic history over the past 12,000 years.We find a strong connection between southern East Asians dating to~12,000-6000 years ago and present-day Southeast Asians.In addition,stronger genetic affinities to northern East Asians are observed in historical southern East Asians than Neolithic southern East Asians,suggesting increased interactions between northern and southern East Asians over time.Overall,we reveal dynamic connections between ancient southern East Asians and populations located in surrounding regions,as well as a shift in maternal genetic structure within the populations over time.展开更多
Sodium-sulfur(Na–S)batteries that utilize earth-abundant materials of Na and S have been one of the hottest topics in battery research.The low cost and high energy density make them promising candidates for next-gene...Sodium-sulfur(Na–S)batteries that utilize earth-abundant materials of Na and S have been one of the hottest topics in battery research.The low cost and high energy density make them promising candidates for next-generation storage technologies as required in the grid and renewable energy.In recent years,extensive efforts have been devoted to the diversity and functionalities of Na–S batteries,aiming to extend their potential applications across multiple temporal and spatial dimensions.Here,we summarize the unconventional designs for the functionalities of Na–S batteries such as flexible batteries,solid-state cells,flame resistance,and operation at extreme temperatures.By highlighting these design strategies that help to realize the functionalities,we hope this review offers a pathway to foster the bright future of Na–S batteries in diverse applications.展开更多
Zoo-archaeological and genetic evidence suggest that pigs were domesticated independently in Central China and Eastern Anatolia along with the development of agricultural communities and civilizations.However,the gene...Zoo-archaeological and genetic evidence suggest that pigs were domesticated independently in Central China and Eastern Anatolia along with the development of agricultural communities and civilizations.However,the genetic history of domestic pigs,especially in China,has not been fully explored.In this study,we generate 42 complete mitochondrial DNA sequences from~7500-to 2750-year-old individuals from the Yellow River basin.Our results show that the maternal genetic continuity of East Asian domestic pigs dates back to at least the Early to Middle Neolithic.In contrast,the Near Eastern ancestry in European domestic pigs saw a near-complete genomic replacement by the European wild boar.The majority of East Asian domestic pigs share close haplotypes,and the most recent common ancestor of most branches dates back to less than 20,000 years before present,inferred using new substitution rates of whole mitogenomes or combined protein-coding regions.Two major population expansion events of East Asian domestic pigs coincided with changes in climate,widespread adoption of introduced crops,and the development of agrarian societies.These findings add to our understanding of the maternal genetic composition and help to complete the picture of domestic pig evolutionary history in East Asia.展开更多
The Yangshao culture is one of the most influential Neolithic cultures in East Asia.The populations associated with the Yangshao culture were widely distributed along the Yellow River basin and were suggested to play ...The Yangshao culture is one of the most influential Neolithic cultures in East Asia.The populations associated with the Yangshao culture were widely distributed along the Yellow River basin and were suggested to play a profound role in the present-day East Asians.To date,the population of the Yangshao culture is largely investigated through archaeological studies.展开更多
Under an environment full of competitive stress,students tend to form negative emotions,and the time for them to engage in physical exercise is greatly limited due to overwhelming academic tasks.Therefore,in this pape...Under an environment full of competitive stress,students tend to form negative emotions,and the time for them to engage in physical exercise is greatly limited due to overwhelming academic tasks.Therefore,in this paper,we focus on acknowledging the purpose of physical exercise,and how physical exercise affects the mental health of students under stressful circumstances but not in the context of leisure.Questionnaire was distributed to participants with an average age of 20,to investigate their preference,frequency,and reason for exercising,and their attitude towards it.Our results showed that participants think that exercise can strengthen the body,relieve stress,improve fitness and interpersonal relationship regardless of their purpose such as interests,emotional necessity and even out of non-subjective ideas.In conclusion,physical exercise helped to improve students’mental health especially under great pressure and ultimately,it will enhance their academics and bring about the unity of mind and body.展开更多
Sunlight has an indispensable importance for living things in nature[1-3].However,the direct absorption of UV will lead to the formation of pyrimidine dimers between adjacent pyrimidines in DNA strands usually in the ...Sunlight has an indispensable importance for living things in nature[1-3].However,the direct absorption of UV will lead to the formation of pyrimidine dimers between adjacent pyrimidines in DNA strands usually in the form of cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers(CPDs)and pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone photoproducts(6-4PPs)which causes great damage[4-6].A DNA repair system,known as photoreactivation,can effectively repair the dimers using photolyase[7-9],which has currently been found in plants,prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells[10-12].This study was carried out to determine whether photolyase DNA repair can be observed in yeast.Several yeast Petri dishes were treated with ultraviolet radiation,different treatments were then added to them,and the colonies were counted after culturing,hence verifying that yeasts can use the photoreactivation process.展开更多
This paper presents a compact and high-performance piezoelectric micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)fast steering mirror(FSM)designed for use in laser inter-satellite links(ISLs).The FSM features a large optical ape...This paper presents a compact and high-performance piezoelectric micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)fast steering mirror(FSM)designed for use in laser inter-satellite links(ISLs).The FSM features a large optical aperture of 10 mm and is batch fabricated using an 8-inch wafer-level eutectic bonding process,packaged into a volume of 26×22×3 mm3.Notably,the piezoresistive(PZR)sensor is integrated on the spring of the FSM to facilitate precise beam control.Furthermore,an intermediate directional defect structure is novelly designed to create a Stress Concentration Region(SCR),effectively improving PZR sensitivity from 3.3 mV/(V∙mrad)to 5.4 mV/(V∙mrad).In this article,various performance metrics of the FSM are tested,including the mechanical characteristics,PZR sensor properties,and mirror optical quality,which all meet the requirements for laser ISLs.Results indicate that the FSM achieves a high resonant frequency(>1 kHz)and a low nonlinearity of 0.05%@±2.1 mrad.A remarkable minimum angular resolution of 0.3μrad and a repeated positioning accuracy of 1.11μrad ensure exceptional pointing precision.The open-loop control is driven by the double-step algorithm,resulting in a step response time of 0.41 ms and achieving a control bandwidth over 2 kHz.Additionally,the integrated angular sensor demonstrates a nonlinearity of 0.09%@±1.05 mrad,a sensitivity of 5.1 mV/(V∙mrad),and a minimum angular resolution of 0.3μrad.Under quasi-static driven conditions(500 Hz@±2 mrad),the maximum dynamic deformation of the mirror surface is merely 2 nm.展开更多
Hyperthermia therapy is considered an effective anticancer strategy.However,high temperature can trigger an excessive inflammatory response,leading to tumor self-protection,immunosuppression,metastasis,and recurrence....Hyperthermia therapy is considered an effective anticancer strategy.However,high temperature can trigger an excessive inflammatory response,leading to tumor self-protection,immunosuppression,metastasis,and recurrence.To address this issue,we reported a multifunctional photothermal nanoplatform to achieve mild hyperthermia photothermal therapy(mild PTT)based on cisplatin(DDP)and a ferrocene metal-organic framework(MOF-Fc)nanocomposite,which can specifically enhance ferroptosis-triggered oxidative stress levels and synchronously amplify mild hyperthermia PTT-mediated anticancer responses.Both in vitro and in vivo antineoplastic results verify the superiority of mild PTT with DDP/MOF-Fc@HA.The combination of DDP and MOF-Fc exhibits Fenton catalytic activity and glutathione depletion capacity,magnifying mild hyperthermia effects via the radical oxygen species(ROS)-adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-HSP silencing pathway,with important implications for clinical hyperthermia therapy.展开更多
Due to the increase in aging populations and the prevalence of aging-associated diseases,there is a growing interest in finding therapeutic interventions.Antioxidants play a vital role in mitigating the adverse condit...Due to the increase in aging populations and the prevalence of aging-associated diseases,there is a growing interest in finding therapeutic interventions.Antioxidants play a vital role in mitigating the adverse conditions associated with aging.in this study,we investigated the impact of Dendrobium officinale alkaloids(DOA)cultivated in diverse environments on antioxidative and anti-aging responses in Caenorhabditis elegans.three distinct sources of DOA,represented as tree(tr)-DOA,greenhouse(GH)-DOA,and rock(rK)-DOA,were examined.Following initial testing of three DOA concentrations,10μg/mL was selected,which increased the C.elegans tJ1060 lifespan by 23%,and exhibited no toxicity.tr-DOA,GH-DOA,and rK-DOA exhibited robust antioxidative effects,significantly reducing reactive oxygen species levels by 37%,54%,and 60%,respectively on day 1,and 68%,73%,and 75%on day 5,respectively.On day 4,tr-DOA,GH-DOA,and rK-DOA significantly reduced lipofuscin levels by 36%,51%,and 39%,respectively(P<0.0001).On day 8,lipofuscin levels were significantly reduced by 34%(P<0.01),32%(P<0.05),and 33%(P<0.05),respectively.tr-DOA,GH-DOA,and rK-DOA,likewise,significantly reduced the level of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker,HSP-4::GFP,by 36%,37%,and 35%,respectively(P<0.0001)on day 1,and by 38%,40%,and 45%,respectively(P<0.0001)on day 8.Compared to the control,rK-DOA,GH-DOA,and tr-DOA significantly upregulated HSP-6::GFP(P<0.0001,P<0.001,and P<0.05,respectively),and enhanced heat stress resistance(P<0.0001,P<0.001,and P<0.01,respectively).rK-DOA,GH-DOA,and tr-DOA significantly reducedα-synuclein aggregation by 31%,25%,and 18% respectively on day 1(P<0.0001,P<0.0001,and P<0.01,respectively),and by 32%,27%,and 12% on day 3(P<0.01,P<0.01,and P>0.05,respectively).rK-DOA,GH-DOA,and tr-DOA delayed paralysis(P<0.0001,in all cases)and significantly increased worm activity(P<0.001,P<0.001,and P<0.01,respectively).rK-DOA,GH-DOA,and tr-DOA also significantly increased the rate of body bend on day 5(P<0.001,P<0.01,P<0.0001)and day 10(P<0.001,P<0.0001,P<0.01).Our findings suggest that DOA,particularly rK-DOA,offers promising antioxidative and anti-aging benefits in C.elegans.the differential responses among DOA variants highlight the importance of the cultivation environment in shaping the bioactivity of natural compounds.展开更多
The promotion of quantum network applications demands the scalable connection of quantum resources.It is preferable to set up multiple logical networks coexisting on a single physical network infrastructure to accommo...The promotion of quantum network applications demands the scalable connection of quantum resources.It is preferable to set up multiple logical networks coexisting on a single physical network infrastructure to accommodate a larger number of users.Here we present a quantum virtual network architecture that offers this level of scalability,without being constrained to a fixed physical-layer network relying solely on passive multiplexing components.The architecture can be understood as arising from the superposition of a fully connected entanglement distribution network and port-based virtual local area network,which group multiusers by access ports.In terms of hardware,we leverage a semiconductor chip with a high figure-of-merit modal overlap to directly generate high-quality polarization entanglement,and a streamlined polarization analysis module,which requires only one single-photon detector for each end user.We experimentally perform the BBM92 QKD protocol on the five-user quantum virtual network and demonstrate voice and image encryption on a campus area network.Our results may provide insights into the realization of large-scale quantum networks with integrated and cost-efficient photonic architecture.展开更多
In this paper,we present the current status of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission,which has been fully approved for launch in 2030.eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics u...In this paper,we present the current status of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission,which has been fully approved for launch in 2030.eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of matter density,gravity,and magnetism.The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density,measuring the effects of quantum electro-dynamics,and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity.In addition to investigating fundamental physics,the eXTP mission is poised to become a leading observatory for time-domain and multi-messenger astronomy in the 2030s,as well as providing observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects.After briefly introducing the history and a summary of the scientific objectives of the eXTP mission,this paper presents a comprehensive overview of:(1)the cutting-edge technology,technical specifications,and anticipated performance of the mission’s scientific instruments;(2)the full mission profile,encompassing spacecraft design,operational capabilities,and ground segment infrastructure.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2022TQ0397,2022MD723744,2022M710564,2022M720603)Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272553,82102571,81974346,8210257,82472404)+8 种基金Chongqing Municipal Medical Youth Talent Support Program,Chongqing,China(No.YXQN202408)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(Nos.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0089,CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0104,CSTB2024NSCQMSX0532)Joint Medical Research Project of Health Commission&Science and Technology Bureau of Chongqing,China(No.2024QNXM032)Special Project for the Central Government to Guide the Development of Local Science and Technology in Sichuan Province(No.2023ZYD0071)National Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan(No.24NSFSC1274)Project of Innovative Science Research for Postgraduate of Chongqing Municipal Education Committee,Chongqing,China(Nos.CYS22389,CYB240224)National Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan(No.2024NSFSC0678)Research Project of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College(Nos.2023ZD002,2023-2ZD001,2024JB001)Disciplines Construction Program of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University(Nos.KY23035,KY23041).
文摘Osteochondral defects pose an enormous challenge,and no satisfactory therapy is available to date due to the hierarchy of the native tissue consisting of articular cartilage and subchondral bone.Constructing a scaffold with biological function and biomimetic structure is the key to achieving a high-quality repair effect.Herein,a natural polymer-based bilayer scaffold with a porous architecture similar to that of osteochondral tissue is designed,involving the transforming growth factor-beta3-liposome-loaded upper layer for superficial cartilage regeneration and the nanohydroxyapatite-coated lower layer for subchondral bone rehabilitation.This research is conducted to evaluate the effects of nanoparticle-modified bilayer scaffold to mimic the hierarchical pro-chondrogenic and proosteogenic microenvironment for the recruited endogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.The fabricated composites were evaluated for mechanical,physicochemical,biological properties,in vitro and in vivo tissue regeneration potential.Overall,the current bilayer scaffold could regenerate a cartilage-bone integrated tissue with a seamless interfacial integration and exhibited superior tissue repair outcomes compared to other single layer scaffolds based on morphological,radiological and histological evaluation,verifying that this novel graft could be an effective approach to tissue-engineered analogs of cartilage-subchondral bone and offer new therapeutic opportunities for osteochondral defect-associated diseases.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62375032)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.CSTB2023TIADKPX0017)+2 种基金the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics(Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.BX20230355)the Department of Education of Guizhou Province(Guizhou Teaching and Technology[2023]015)。
文摘Metal halide perovskites(MHP)are potential candidates for the photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)due to their long photogenerated carrier lifetime and charge diffusion length.However,the conventional long-chain ligand impedes the adsorption and activation of CO_(2)molecules in practical applications.Here,a ligand modulation technology is employed to enhance the photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction activity of lead-free Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6)microcrystals(MCs).The Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6)MCs passivated by Oleic acid(OLA)and Octanoic acid(OCA)are used for photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.The results show that the surface defects and electronic properties of Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6)MCs can be adjusted through ligand modulation.Compared with the OLA-Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6),the OCA-Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6)catalyst demonstrated a significant improvement in the catalytic yield of CO and CH_(4).The CO and CH_(4)catalytic yields of OCA-Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6)reached 171.88 and34.15μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)which were 2.03 and 12.98 times higher than those of OLA-Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6),and the total electron consumption rate of OCA-Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6)was 615.2μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)which was 3.25 times higher than that of OLA-Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6).Furthermore,in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra revealed the enhancement of photocatalytic activity in Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6)MCs induced by ligand modulation.This study illustrates the potential of lead-free Cs_(2)AgInCl_(6)MCs for efficient photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction and provides a ligand modulation strategy for the active promotion of MHP photocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41501250)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB15030101)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2016YFC0500401 and 2017YFC050580301)
文摘Quorum sensing(QS)regulation of the composition of ammonia-oxidising archaea(AOA)and ammonia-oxidising bacteria(AOB)communities and functions in wastewater treatment was investigated.Specifically,we explored the role of N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones(AHLs)in microbial community dynamics in activated sludge.On average,the specific ammoniaoxidising-rate increased from 1.6 to 2.8 mg NH_4^+-N/g MLSS/hr after treatment with long-chain AHLs for 16 days,and the addition of AHLs to sludge resulted in an increased number of AOA/AOB amoA genes.Significant differences were observed in the AOA communities of control and AHL-treated cultures,but not the AOB community.Furthermore,the dominant functional AOA strains of the Crenarchaeota altered their ecological niche in response to AHL addition.These results provide evidence that AHLs play an important role in mediating AOA/AOB microbial community parameters and demonstrate the potential for application of QS to the regulation of nitrogen compound metabolism in wastewater treatment.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC1523600)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(YSBR-019 and XDB26000000)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41925009)“Research on the roots of Chinese civilization”of Zhengzhou University(XKZDJC202006)the Tencent Foundation(through the XPLORER PRIZE),and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute(55008731)X.W.was supported by Key National Social Science Foundation of China(16ZDA144).
文摘The settlement of the Tibetan Plateau epitomizes human adaptation to a high-altitude environment that poses great challenges to human activity.Here,we reconstruct a 4000-year maternal genetic history of Tibetans using 128 ancient mitochondrial genome data from 37 sites in Xizang.The phylogeny of haplotypes M9a1a,M9a1b,D4g2,G2a’c,and D4i show that ancient Tibetans share the most recent common ancestor with ancient Middle and Upper Yellow River populations around the Early and Middle Holocene.In addition,the connections between Tibetans and Northeastern Asians vary over the past 4000 years,with a stronger matrilineal connection between the two during 4000 BPe3000 BP,and a weakened connection after 3000 BP,that are coincident with climate change,followed by a reinforced connection after the Tubo period(1400 BPe1100 BP).Besides,an over 4000-year matrilineal continuity is observed in some of the maternal lineages.We also find the maternal genetic structure of ancient Tibetans is correlated to the geography and interactions between ancient Tibetans and ancient Nepal and Pakistan populations.Overall,the maternal genetic history of Tibetans can be characterized as a long-term matrilineal continuity with frequent internal and external population interactions that are dynamically shaped by geography,climate changes,as well as historical events.
基金This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS,XDB26000000,YSBR-019,XDA1905010,QYZDB-SSW-DQC003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41925009,41630102,41672021)+2 种基金“Research on the roots of Chinese civilization”of Zhengzhou University(XKZDJC202006)Tencent Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZEthe Howard Hughes Medical Institute(55008731).
文摘Southern East Asia,including Guangxi and Fujian provinces in China,is home to diverse ethnic groups,languages,and cultures.Previous studies suggest a high complexity regarding population dynamics and the history of southern East Asians.However,large-scale genetic studies on ancient populations in this region are hindered by limited sample preservation.Here,using highly efficient DNA capture techniques,we obtain 48 complete mitochondrial genomes of individuals from Guangxi and Fujian in China and reconstruct their maternal genetic history over the past 12,000 years.We find a strong connection between southern East Asians dating to~12,000-6000 years ago and present-day Southeast Asians.In addition,stronger genetic affinities to northern East Asians are observed in historical southern East Asians than Neolithic southern East Asians,suggesting increased interactions between northern and southern East Asians over time.Overall,we reveal dynamic connections between ancient southern East Asians and populations located in surrounding regions,as well as a shift in maternal genetic structure within the populations over time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172219 and 51872192)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(19KJA170001)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202103021223019)Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi(No.202101030201022)
文摘Sodium-sulfur(Na–S)batteries that utilize earth-abundant materials of Na and S have been one of the hottest topics in battery research.The low cost and high energy density make them promising candidates for next-generation storage technologies as required in the grid and renewable energy.In recent years,extensive efforts have been devoted to the diversity and functionalities of Na–S batteries,aiming to extend their potential applications across multiple temporal and spatial dimensions.Here,we summarize the unconventional designs for the functionalities of Na–S batteries such as flexible batteries,solid-state cells,flame resistance,and operation at extreme temperatures.By highlighting these design strategies that help to realize the functionalities,we hope this review offers a pathway to foster the bright future of Na–S batteries in diverse applications.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS,XDB26000000)the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China(YSBR019)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41925009)the Tencent Foundation(through the XPLORER PRIZE)the Howard Hughes Medical Institute(grant 55008731)the Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute。
文摘Zoo-archaeological and genetic evidence suggest that pigs were domesticated independently in Central China and Eastern Anatolia along with the development of agricultural communities and civilizations.However,the genetic history of domestic pigs,especially in China,has not been fully explored.In this study,we generate 42 complete mitochondrial DNA sequences from~7500-to 2750-year-old individuals from the Yellow River basin.Our results show that the maternal genetic continuity of East Asian domestic pigs dates back to at least the Early to Middle Neolithic.In contrast,the Near Eastern ancestry in European domestic pigs saw a near-complete genomic replacement by the European wild boar.The majority of East Asian domestic pigs share close haplotypes,and the most recent common ancestor of most branches dates back to less than 20,000 years before present,inferred using new substitution rates of whole mitogenomes or combined protein-coding regions.Two major population expansion events of East Asian domestic pigs coincided with changes in climate,widespread adoption of introduced crops,and the development of agrarian societies.These findings add to our understanding of the maternal genetic composition and help to complete the picture of domestic pig evolutionary history in East Asia.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS,XDB26000000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41925009,41630102)+4 种基金CAS(XDA1905010,QYZDB-SSWDQC003)the“Research on the Roots of Chinese Civilization”program of Zhengzhou University(XKZDJC202006)the Tencent Foundation through its XPLORER PRIZE,and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute(Grant No.55008731)supported by Major Projects Sponsored by National Social Science Foundation of China in 2019(19ZDA227)supported by National Social Science Foundation of China(19BKG038):Sichuan University Research Cluster for Regional History and Frontier Studies。
文摘The Yangshao culture is one of the most influential Neolithic cultures in East Asia.The populations associated with the Yangshao culture were widely distributed along the Yellow River basin and were suggested to play a profound role in the present-day East Asians.To date,the population of the Yangshao culture is largely investigated through archaeological studies.
文摘Under an environment full of competitive stress,students tend to form negative emotions,and the time for them to engage in physical exercise is greatly limited due to overwhelming academic tasks.Therefore,in this paper,we focus on acknowledging the purpose of physical exercise,and how physical exercise affects the mental health of students under stressful circumstances but not in the context of leisure.Questionnaire was distributed to participants with an average age of 20,to investigate their preference,frequency,and reason for exercising,and their attitude towards it.Our results showed that participants think that exercise can strengthen the body,relieve stress,improve fitness and interpersonal relationship regardless of their purpose such as interests,emotional necessity and even out of non-subjective ideas.In conclusion,physical exercise helped to improve students’mental health especially under great pressure and ultimately,it will enhance their academics and bring about the unity of mind and body.
文摘Sunlight has an indispensable importance for living things in nature[1-3].However,the direct absorption of UV will lead to the formation of pyrimidine dimers between adjacent pyrimidines in DNA strands usually in the form of cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers(CPDs)and pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone photoproducts(6-4PPs)which causes great damage[4-6].A DNA repair system,known as photoreactivation,can effectively repair the dimers using photolyase[7-9],which has currently been found in plants,prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells[10-12].This study was carried out to determine whether photolyase DNA repair can be observed in yeast.Several yeast Petri dishes were treated with ultraviolet radiation,different treatments were then added to them,and the colonies were counted after culturing,hence verifying that yeasts can use the photoreactivation process.
基金the support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2023YFB3209900).
文摘This paper presents a compact and high-performance piezoelectric micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)fast steering mirror(FSM)designed for use in laser inter-satellite links(ISLs).The FSM features a large optical aperture of 10 mm and is batch fabricated using an 8-inch wafer-level eutectic bonding process,packaged into a volume of 26×22×3 mm3.Notably,the piezoresistive(PZR)sensor is integrated on the spring of the FSM to facilitate precise beam control.Furthermore,an intermediate directional defect structure is novelly designed to create a Stress Concentration Region(SCR),effectively improving PZR sensitivity from 3.3 mV/(V∙mrad)to 5.4 mV/(V∙mrad).In this article,various performance metrics of the FSM are tested,including the mechanical characteristics,PZR sensor properties,and mirror optical quality,which all meet the requirements for laser ISLs.Results indicate that the FSM achieves a high resonant frequency(>1 kHz)and a low nonlinearity of 0.05%@±2.1 mrad.A remarkable minimum angular resolution of 0.3μrad and a repeated positioning accuracy of 1.11μrad ensure exceptional pointing precision.The open-loop control is driven by the double-step algorithm,resulting in a step response time of 0.41 ms and achieving a control bandwidth over 2 kHz.Additionally,the integrated angular sensor demonstrates a nonlinearity of 0.09%@±1.05 mrad,a sensitivity of 5.1 mV/(V∙mrad),and a minimum angular resolution of 0.3μrad.Under quasi-static driven conditions(500 Hz@±2 mrad),the maximum dynamic deformation of the mirror surface is merely 2 nm.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF[grant number BX20230068]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 82160341 and 82260345]+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi[grant number 2022GXNSFDA035060]the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation[grant number 2023MD744192]the Key Research and Development Plan of Guangxi[grant number GUIKEAB22080066].
文摘Hyperthermia therapy is considered an effective anticancer strategy.However,high temperature can trigger an excessive inflammatory response,leading to tumor self-protection,immunosuppression,metastasis,and recurrence.To address this issue,we reported a multifunctional photothermal nanoplatform to achieve mild hyperthermia photothermal therapy(mild PTT)based on cisplatin(DDP)and a ferrocene metal-organic framework(MOF-Fc)nanocomposite,which can specifically enhance ferroptosis-triggered oxidative stress levels and synchronously amplify mild hyperthermia PTT-mediated anticancer responses.Both in vitro and in vivo antineoplastic results verify the superiority of mild PTT with DDP/MOF-Fc@HA.The combination of DDP and MOF-Fc exhibits Fenton catalytic activity and glutathione depletion capacity,magnifying mild hyperthermia effects via the radical oxygen species(ROS)-adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-HSP silencing pathway,with important implications for clinical hyperthermia therapy.
基金funded by Collaborative Innovation Projectof the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-XTCX20190025-6)Guangxi Science and Technology Baseand Talent Special Project(AD23026030)+2 种基金Guangxi Key Researchand Development Plan(AB21220030)Science and TechnologyService Network Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-STS-QYZD-201-5-3)Research Start-up Funding of GuangxiAcademy of Sciences(2017Y11026)to B.Wang.
文摘Due to the increase in aging populations and the prevalence of aging-associated diseases,there is a growing interest in finding therapeutic interventions.Antioxidants play a vital role in mitigating the adverse conditions associated with aging.in this study,we investigated the impact of Dendrobium officinale alkaloids(DOA)cultivated in diverse environments on antioxidative and anti-aging responses in Caenorhabditis elegans.three distinct sources of DOA,represented as tree(tr)-DOA,greenhouse(GH)-DOA,and rock(rK)-DOA,were examined.Following initial testing of three DOA concentrations,10μg/mL was selected,which increased the C.elegans tJ1060 lifespan by 23%,and exhibited no toxicity.tr-DOA,GH-DOA,and rK-DOA exhibited robust antioxidative effects,significantly reducing reactive oxygen species levels by 37%,54%,and 60%,respectively on day 1,and 68%,73%,and 75%on day 5,respectively.On day 4,tr-DOA,GH-DOA,and rK-DOA significantly reduced lipofuscin levels by 36%,51%,and 39%,respectively(P<0.0001).On day 8,lipofuscin levels were significantly reduced by 34%(P<0.01),32%(P<0.05),and 33%(P<0.05),respectively.tr-DOA,GH-DOA,and rK-DOA,likewise,significantly reduced the level of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker,HSP-4::GFP,by 36%,37%,and 35%,respectively(P<0.0001)on day 1,and by 38%,40%,and 45%,respectively(P<0.0001)on day 8.Compared to the control,rK-DOA,GH-DOA,and tr-DOA significantly upregulated HSP-6::GFP(P<0.0001,P<0.001,and P<0.05,respectively),and enhanced heat stress resistance(P<0.0001,P<0.001,and P<0.01,respectively).rK-DOA,GH-DOA,and tr-DOA significantly reducedα-synuclein aggregation by 31%,25%,and 18% respectively on day 1(P<0.0001,P<0.0001,and P<0.01,respectively),and by 32%,27%,and 12% on day 3(P<0.01,P<0.01,and P>0.05,respectively).rK-DOA,GH-DOA,and tr-DOA delayed paralysis(P<0.0001,in all cases)and significantly increased worm activity(P<0.001,P<0.001,and P<0.01,respectively).rK-DOA,GH-DOA,and tr-DOA also significantly increased the rate of body bend on day 5(P<0.001,P<0.01,P<0.0001)and day 10(P<0.001,P<0.0001,P<0.01).Our findings suggest that DOA,particularly rK-DOA,offers promising antioxidative and anti-aging benefits in C.elegans.the differential responses among DOA variants highlight the importance of the cultivation environment in shaping the bioactivity of natural compounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274233,and 12274223)the Major Scientific Research Project of Anhui Province(Grant No.KJ2021ZD0005)+3 种基金the Scientific Research Planning Project of Anhui Province(Grant No.2022AH040020)the University Collaborative Innovation Project of Anhui Province(Grant No.GXXT-2021-091)the Program of Song Shan Laboratory(Included in the Management of Major Science and Technology Program of Henan Province)(Grant No.221100210800-02)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.SJCX23_0569)。
文摘The promotion of quantum network applications demands the scalable connection of quantum resources.It is preferable to set up multiple logical networks coexisting on a single physical network infrastructure to accommodate a larger number of users.Here we present a quantum virtual network architecture that offers this level of scalability,without being constrained to a fixed physical-layer network relying solely on passive multiplexing components.The architecture can be understood as arising from the superposition of a fully connected entanglement distribution network and port-based virtual local area network,which group multiusers by access ports.In terms of hardware,we leverage a semiconductor chip with a high figure-of-merit modal overlap to directly generate high-quality polarization entanglement,and a streamlined polarization analysis module,which requires only one single-photon detector for each end user.We experimentally perform the BBM92 QKD protocol on the five-user quantum virtual network and demonstrate voice and image encryption on a campus area network.Our results may provide insights into the realization of large-scale quantum networks with integrated and cost-efficient photonic architecture.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12333007)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.113111KYSB20190020)+4 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA15020100)support by ASI,under the dedicated eXTP agreements and agreement ASI-INAF n.2017-14-H.O.by INAF and INFN under project REDSOXsupport from the Deutsche Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt,the German Aerospace Center(DLR)support from MINECO grant ESP2017-82674-R and FEDER funds.
文摘In this paper,we present the current status of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission,which has been fully approved for launch in 2030.eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of matter density,gravity,and magnetism.The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density,measuring the effects of quantum electro-dynamics,and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity.In addition to investigating fundamental physics,the eXTP mission is poised to become a leading observatory for time-domain and multi-messenger astronomy in the 2030s,as well as providing observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects.After briefly introducing the history and a summary of the scientific objectives of the eXTP mission,this paper presents a comprehensive overview of:(1)the cutting-edge technology,technical specifications,and anticipated performance of the mission’s scientific instruments;(2)the full mission profile,encompassing spacecraft design,operational capabilities,and ground segment infrastructure.
