The hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in alkaline water electrolysis faces significant kinetic and thermodynamic challenges that hinder its efficiency and scalability for sustainable hydrogen production.Herein,we employ...The hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in alkaline water electrolysis faces significant kinetic and thermodynamic challenges that hinder its efficiency and scalability for sustainable hydrogen production.Herein,we employed an in-situ synthesis strategy to incorporate H atoms into the PdRu alloy lattice to form H_(Inc)-PdRu electrocatalyst,thereby modulating its electronic structure and enhancing its alkaline HER performance.We demonstrate that the incorporation of H atoms significantly improves electrocatalytic activity,achieving a remarkably low overpotential of 25 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)compared with the Pd,Ru and PdRu catalysts while maintaining robust catalyst stability.Operando spectroscopic analysis indicates that H insertion into the H_(Inc)-PdRu electrocatalyst enhances the availability of H_(2)O^(*)at the surface,promoting water dissociation at the active sites.Theoretical calculations proposed that the co-incorporating H and Ru atoms induces s-d orbital coupling within the Pd lattices,effectively weakening hydrogen adsorption strength and optimizing the alkaline HER energetics.This work presents a facile approach for the rational design of bimetallic electrocatalysts for efficient and stable alkaline water electrolysis for renewable hydrogen production.展开更多
Textiles with electronic components offer a portable and personalized approach for health monitoring and therapy.However,there is a lack of reliable strategy to integrate layered circuits and high-density chips on or ...Textiles with electronic components offer a portable and personalized approach for health monitoring and therapy.However,there is a lack of reliable strategy to integrate layered circuits and high-density chips on or inside textiles,which hinders system-level functionality and untethered user experiences.Herein,we propose monolithically integrated textile hybrid electronics(THE)on a textile platform,with multimodal functions and reliable performances.The textile system encompasses flexible electrodes,laser-induced sensors,and surface-mount devices,along with double-layer circuits interconnecting all of them.Vertical conductive paths are rendered by liquid metal composites infiltrated into textiles,which allows resistances less than 0.1?while reserving intact textile structures.The assembled THE exhibits endurance to handwashing and crumpling,as well as bendability.We customize a wireless textile patch for synchronously tracking multiple physiological indicators during exercise.Furthermore,a textile band is elaborated for monitoring and alleviating muscular fatigue,demonstrating potential in closed-loop diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
It has been known that the productivity of artesian wells is strongly dependent on the rheological properties of crude oils. This work targets two deep artesian wells(>5000 m) that are producing heavy crude oil. Th...It has been known that the productivity of artesian wells is strongly dependent on the rheological properties of crude oils. This work targets two deep artesian wells(>5000 m) that are producing heavy crude oil. The impacts of well conditions including temperature, pressure and shear rate, on the crude oil rheology were comprehensively investigated and correlated using several empirical rheological models. The experimental data indicate that this heavy oil is very sensitive to temperature as result of microstructure change caused by hydrogen bonding. The rheological behavior of the heavy oil is also significantly impacted by the imposed pressure, i.e., the viscosity flow activation energy(Eμ) gently increases with the increasing pressure. The viscosity–shear rate data are well fitted to the power law model at low temperature. However, due to the transition of fluid feature at high temperature(Newtonian fluid), the measured viscosity was found to slightly deviate from the fitting data. Combining the evaluated correlations, the viscosity profile of the heavy crude oil in these two deep artesian wells as a function of well depth was predicted using the oilfield producing data.展开更多
Natural products（NPs） have long been recognized as a valuable resource for drug discovery, and bringing NP-related features to virtual libraries is believed to be an effective way to increase the coverage of druggab...Natural products（NPs） have long been recognized as a valuable resource for drug discovery, and bringing NP-related features to virtual libraries is believed to be an effective way to increase the coverage of druggable chemical space. Here, deep learning-based molecule generative model, which is a recent technique in de novo molecule design, was applied to generate virtual libraries with NP-like properties. Results demonstrated that the model was effective in generating molecules that highly resemble NPs. Moreover, the model was also found to be capable of generating NP-like molecules that were also easy to synthesize, significantly increasing the practical value of the compound library.展开更多
Finite-control-set model predictive control(FCSMPC)has advantages of multi-objective optimization and easy implementation.To reduce the computational burden and switching frequency,this article proposed a simplified M...Finite-control-set model predictive control(FCSMPC)has advantages of multi-objective optimization and easy implementation.To reduce the computational burden and switching frequency,this article proposed a simplified MPC for dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(DTPPMSM).The novelty of this method is the decomposition of prediction function and the switching optimization algorithm.Based on the decomposition of prediction function,the current increment vector is obtained,which is employed to select the optimal voltage vector and calculate the duty cycle.Then,the computation burden can be reduced and the current tracking performance can be maintained.Additionally,the switching optimization algorithm was proposed to optimize the voltage vector action sequence,which results in lower switching frequency.Hence,this control strategy can not only reduce the computation burden and switching frequency,but also maintain the steady-state and dynamic performance.The simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed strategy.展开更多
Despite the promising progress in conductive hydrogels made with pure conducting polymer,great challenges remain in the interface adhesion and robustness in longterm monitoring.To address these challenges,Prof.Seung H...Despite the promising progress in conductive hydrogels made with pure conducting polymer,great challenges remain in the interface adhesion and robustness in longterm monitoring.To address these challenges,Prof.Seung Hwan Ko and Taek-Soo Kim’s team introduced a laserinduced phase separation and adhesion method for fabricating conductive hydrogels consisting of pure poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate on polymer substrates.The laser-induced phase separation and adhesion treated conducting polymers can be selectively transformed into conductive hydrogels that exhibit wet conductivities of 101.4 S cm^(−1) with a spatial resolution down to 5μm.Moreover,they maintain impedance and charge-storage capacity even after 1 h of sonication.The micropatterned electrode arrays demonstrate their potential in long-term in vivo signal recordings,highlighting their promising role in the field of bioelectronics.展开更多
Extreme environments challenge the structural health monitoring of advanced equipment.In-situ dynamic tracking temperature is of particular value due to its enormous impact on material properties.However,the realizati...Extreme environments challenge the structural health monitoring of advanced equipment.In-situ dynamic tracking temperature is of particular value due to its enormous impact on material properties.However,the realization of such integrated temperature sensors typically requires complicated layer-by-layer molding and sintering processes including additional thermal barrier coatings.Herein,we report a laser-induced in-situ conductive passivation strategy for the fabrication of a thin-film based wide-range temperature sensor.The instantaneous thermal effect of laser irradiation creates crystalline conductive traces in response to temperature variations.Synchronously,it also allows the formation of an amorphous antioxidative layer without necessitating extra protective coatings.Such configuration enables precise real-time sensing across-50℃to 950℃following the Steinhart-Hart equation.It also exhibits durable performance with only 1.2%drift over 20 hours during long-term high-temperature,instant thermal shock,frequent wearing,and severe vibration.This in-situ,facile laser manufacturing strategy holds great promise in structural health monitoring and fault diagnosis for advanced equipment working in extreme environments.展开更多
Grain chalkiness,an undesirable trait caused by complex factors,has great negative impacts on the quality and economic value of rice.However,little is known about the regulatory mechanism of grain chalkiness,particula...Grain chalkiness,an undesirable trait caused by complex factors,has great negative impacts on the quality and economic value of rice.However,little is known about the regulatory mechanism of grain chalkiness,particularly the effect of endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress.Here,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)reveals that the transcription factor Osb ZIP60 is a vital regulator of rice grain chalkiness.Genetic analysis demonstrates that knockout of Osb ZIP60 results in extremely high grain chalkiness and aberrant structure of storage substances.Notably,the expression of unfolded protein response(UPR)genes,such as OsbZIP50,Os Bi P1,Os Bi P2 and Os Bi P3,is up-regulated in the endosperm cells of osbzip60,and overexpression of all these UPR genes causes various degrees of chalkiness.Furthermore,Osb ZIP60 is found to activate the expression of key genes related to grain chalkiness,such as GPA3,FSE1,FLO7,Chalk5,Os NF-YB1,and Os PK2,whose expression is significantly suppressed in osbzip60 and overexpression lines of Osb ZIP50,Os Bi P1,Os Bi P2,and Os Bi P3.Our study provides novel insights into the function of Osb ZIP60 and the role of the UPR pathway in the formation of grain chalkiness in rice.展开更多
Human cytomegalovirus(HCMV)is a double-strand DNA virus widely infected in human.Circular RNAs(circ RNAs)are non-coding RNAs with most functions of which keep unknown,and the effects of HCMV productive infection on ho...Human cytomegalovirus(HCMV)is a double-strand DNA virus widely infected in human.Circular RNAs(circ RNAs)are non-coding RNAs with most functions of which keep unknown,and the effects of HCMV productive infection on host circ RNA transcriptions remain unclear.In this study,we profiled 283 host circ RNAs that significantly altered by HCMV productive infection in human embryonic lung fibroblasts(HELF)by RNA deep sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.Among these,circ SP100,circ MAP3 K1,circ PLEKHM1,and circ TRIO were validated for their transcriptions and sequences.Furthermore,characteristics of circ SP100 were investigated by RT-q PCR and northern blot.It was implied that circ SP100 was produced from the sense strand of the SP100 gene containing six exons.Kinetics of circ SP100 and SP100 m RNA were significantly different after infection:circ SP100 levels increased gradually along with infection,whereas SP100 m RNA levels increased in the beginning and dropped at 24 h post-infection(hpi).Meanwhile,a total number of 257 proteins,including 10 HCMV encoding proteins,were identified potentially binding to cytoplasmic circ SP100 by RNA antisense purification(RAP)and mass spectrometry.Enrichment analysis showed these proteins were mainly involved in the spliceosome,protein processing,ribosome,and phagosome pathways,suggesting multiple functions of circ SP100 during HCMV infection.展开更多
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors(GEFs)and guanine nucleotide-dissociation inhibitors(GDIs)regulate small GTPase proteins,which function as molecular switches in various signaling pathways,but their identification a...Guanine nucleotide exchange factors(GEFs)and guanine nucleotide-dissociation inhibitors(GDIs)regulate small GTPase proteins,which function as molecular switches in various signaling pathways,but their identification and functions in plants are not well understood.Using in-silico analysis and transgenic approaches,respectively,we dissected the evolutionary relationships and functions of all GEF and GDI genes in rice.Intron-exon distribution and phylogenetic analyses identified 30 GEF and 10 GDI genes in rice that shared close evolutionary relationships with other eukaryotes.Tissue-specific expression and co-expression analyses revealed that phylogenetically related genes had similar expression patterns.GEF and GDI genes were highly expressed in panicles,hulls,and stamens.Co-expression network analysis identified panicle and stamen-specific modules of co-expressed genes in both families.Mapping of these genes in known protein interactomes further identified two and one small G-protein sub-networks.A mutant library of GEF and GDI families was constructed by CRISPR knockout of each gene,and their genotypes and phenotypes were confirmed.Phenotype changes occurred with the mutation of only three genes(OsGEF5,OsGDI1,and OsGEF3).OsGEF5 and OsGDI1 single mutants exhibited significantly reduced height and longer and thinner grains,whereas OsGEF3 mutants had reduced grain length compared to the wild type.Haplotype and eGWAS analyses showed that natural variations in the three genes affected gene expression in reproductive tissues that were significantly associated with the phenotypic variation.BiFC assays demonstrated that GDI1 and GEF3 interacted with grain-size protein GS3,pointing to a role of these genes in the regulation of grain size and plant architecture connected to heterotrimeric G-proteins in rice.展开更多
Rice is one of the most important cereal crops in the world,providing food for more than half of the global population;therefore,increasing grain yield is a major goal of rice breeding.Rice grain yield is largely depe...Rice is one of the most important cereal crops in the world,providing food for more than half of the global population;therefore,increasing grain yield is a major goal of rice breeding.Rice grain yield is largely dependent on grain size,which is specified by its three dimensions(grain length,width,and thickness)and by the degree of grain filling(Xing and Zhang,2010;Fan and Li,2019).Grain size is an important agronomic trait for stable yield,appearance,milling quality,and domestication in rice that is controlled by multiple genes.Thus,discovering more genes regulating grain size for understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying natural variations is important in crop molecular breeding(Zuo and Li,2014).展开更多
As a valuable resource for drug discovery, natural products remain largely unexplored. The cheminformatics analysis of natural product databases could help us know better about natural products, providing valuable inf...As a valuable resource for drug discovery, natural products remain largely unexplored. The cheminformatics analysis of natural product databases could help us know better about natural products, providing valuable information in drug design. In this study, we collected an in-home natural product library consisting of more than 220 000 molecules. The results showed that natural products were distributed more diversely than synthetic compounds and approved drugs in chemical space, and natural products still possessed better scaffold diversity. Besides, natural product scaffolds had more potential in some specific indications, such as antiarthritic, antihypertensive, antiallergic and analgesic. However, the utilization rate of natural product scaffolds is relatively low, especially in terms of potential indications. Therefore, we recommend the greater use of natural products while designing lead libraries.展开更多
The highly conserved CLV–WUS negative feedback pathway plays a decisive role in regulating stem cell maintenance in shoot and floral meristems in higher plants,including Arabidopsis,rice,maize,and tomato.Here,we find...The highly conserved CLV–WUS negative feedback pathway plays a decisive role in regulating stem cell maintenance in shoot and floral meristems in higher plants,including Arabidopsis,rice,maize,and tomato.Here,we find significant natural variations in the OsCLV2c,OsCLV2d,and OsCRN1 loci in a genome-wide association study of grain shape in rice.OsCLV2a,OsCLV2c,OsCLV2d,and OsCRN1 negatively regulate grain length–width ratio and show distinctive geographical distribution,indica–japonica differentiation,and artificial selection signatures.Notably,OsCLV2a and OsCRN1 interact biochemically and genetically,suggesting that the two components function in a complex to regulate grain shape of rice.Furthermore,the genetic contributions of the haplotypes combining OsCLV2a,OsCLV2c,and OsCRN1 are significantly higher than those of each single gene alone in controlling key yield traits.These findings identify two groups of receptor-like kinases that may function as distinct co-receptors to control grain size in rice,thereby revealing a previously unrecognized role of the CLV class genes in regulating seed development and proposing a framework to understand the molecular mechanisms of the CLV–WUS pathway in rice and other crops.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the differences between meditation and resting states using infrared thermal imaging(IRTI)to determine facial temperature distribution features during meditation and annotate the patterns of f...Objective:To investigate the differences between meditation and resting states using infrared thermal imaging(IRTI)to determine facial temperature distribution features during meditation and annotate the patterns of facial temperature changes during meditation from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine facial diagnosis.Methods:Each participant performed 10 min meditation and 10 min resting but in different sequences.A concentration test was set as the task load,followed by a meditation/resting or resting/meditation session,during which the participants'facial temperatures were observed using IRTI.Participants were scored on the Big Five Inventory(BFI)and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS).Results:Forehead temperatures decreased more during meditation than during the resting state.The chin temperature increased only during meditation(P<.0001).For the subjects with meditation experience,there were significant differences in the temperatures of the left forehead(P<.01),right forehead(P<.01)and chin(P<.05)between the meditation and resting state at the 10~(th)min.In the nontask state,the BFI-Extraversion showed a negative correlation with the temperature of the left forehead(R=-0.41,P=.03).In the post-task state,the temperature of the left forehead was negatively correlated with scores on the MAAS(R=-0.42,P=.02).Conclusion:Using IRTI to study meditation offers a practical solution to the challenges in meditation research.The results indicate that an increase in chin temperature may be a representative feature of a meditation state,and forehead temperature is also a potential indicator.展开更多
The information of affiliation 1 and 3 was incorrect.The information of affiliations should read as given below.Author information 1 Virology Lab,Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang 110004,China 2 ...The information of affiliation 1 and 3 was incorrect.The information of affiliations should read as given below.Author information 1 Virology Lab,Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang 110004,China 2 Department of Laboratory,Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College,Shenyang 110024,China.展开更多
Grain size,which encompasses grain length,width,and thickness,is a critical determinant of both grain weight and quality in rice.Despite the extensive regulatory networks known to determine grain length and width,the ...Grain size,which encompasses grain length,width,and thickness,is a critical determinant of both grain weight and quality in rice.Despite the extensive regulatory networks known to determine grain length and width,the pathway(s)that regulate grain thickness remain to be clarified.Here,we present the mapbased cloning and characterization of qGT3,a major quantitative trait locus for grain thickness in rice that encodes the MADS-domain transcription factor OsMADS1.Our findings demonstrate that OsMADS1 regulates grain thickness by affecting sugar delivery during grain filling,and we show that OsMADS1 modulates expression of the downstream monosaccharide transporter gene MST4.A natural variant leads to alternative splicing and thus to a truncated OsMADS1 protein with attenuated transcriptional repressor activity.The truncated OsMADS1 protein results in increased expression of MST4,leading to enhanced loading of monosaccharides into the developing endosperm and thereby increasing grain thickness and improving grain quality.In addition,our results reveal that NF-YB1 and NF-YC12 interact directly with OsMADS1,acting as cofactors to enhance its transcriptional activity toward MST4.Collectively,these findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying grain thickness regulation that is controlled by the OsMADS1–NF-YB1–YC12 complex and has great potential for synergistic improvement of grain yield and quality in rice.展开更多
Drought stress severely limits rice productivity.Understanding of drought-response mechanisms in rice is essential for developing climate-resilient varieties.While cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases(CRKs)are primaril...Drought stress severely limits rice productivity.Understanding of drought-response mechanisms in rice is essential for developing climate-resilient varieties.While cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases(CRKs)are primarily implicated in plant development and immunity,their role in drought response remains poorly understood.In this study,we identified a CRK,OsCRK14,as a key positive regulator of drought resistance in rice.We demonstrated that plasma membrane-localized OsCRK14 phosphorylates the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase OsRLCK57 under drought stress,leading to activate a mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade(OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6).Activated OsMPK6 directly phosphorylates the abscisic acid-responsive transcription factor OsbZIP66 at conserved Serine-Proline/Threonine-Proline motifs,enhancing its stability and promoting drought-responsive gene expression.Furthermore,we found that natural variations in the OsCRK14 promoter influence its transcript levels due to the altered OsMYB72 binding affinities,which are correlated with drought-resistance differences among rice varieties.Collectively,our study discovers a novel CRK-RLCK-MAPK-bZIP signaling pathway that connects membrane signal sensing to transcriptional regulation in drought response,providing both mechanistic insights and genetic resources for breeding drought-resistant rice.展开更多
文摘The hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in alkaline water electrolysis faces significant kinetic and thermodynamic challenges that hinder its efficiency and scalability for sustainable hydrogen production.Herein,we employed an in-situ synthesis strategy to incorporate H atoms into the PdRu alloy lattice to form H_(Inc)-PdRu electrocatalyst,thereby modulating its electronic structure and enhancing its alkaline HER performance.We demonstrate that the incorporation of H atoms significantly improves electrocatalytic activity,achieving a remarkably low overpotential of 25 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)compared with the Pd,Ru and PdRu catalysts while maintaining robust catalyst stability.Operando spectroscopic analysis indicates that H insertion into the H_(Inc)-PdRu electrocatalyst enhances the availability of H_(2)O^(*)at the surface,promoting water dissociation at the active sites.Theoretical calculations proposed that the co-incorporating H and Ru atoms induces s-d orbital coupling within the Pd lattices,effectively weakening hydrogen adsorption strength and optimizing the alkaline HER energetics.This work presents a facile approach for the rational design of bimetallic electrocatalysts for efficient and stable alkaline water electrolysis for renewable hydrogen production.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52475610 and 52105593)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LDQ24E050001)+2 种基金the‘Pioneer’and‘Leading Goose’R&D Program of Zhejiang(Grant No.2023C01051)the Leading Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project in Zhejiang(Grant No.2022R01001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.226-2024-00085)。
文摘Textiles with electronic components offer a portable and personalized approach for health monitoring and therapy.However,there is a lack of reliable strategy to integrate layered circuits and high-density chips on or inside textiles,which hinders system-level functionality and untethered user experiences.Herein,we propose monolithically integrated textile hybrid electronics(THE)on a textile platform,with multimodal functions and reliable performances.The textile system encompasses flexible electrodes,laser-induced sensors,and surface-mount devices,along with double-layer circuits interconnecting all of them.Vertical conductive paths are rendered by liquid metal composites infiltrated into textiles,which allows resistances less than 0.1?while reserving intact textile structures.The assembled THE exhibits endurance to handwashing and crumpling,as well as bendability.We customize a wireless textile patch for synchronously tracking multiple physiological indicators during exercise.Furthermore,a textile band is elaborated for monitoring and alleviating muscular fatigue,demonstrating potential in closed-loop diagnosis and treatment.
基金Supported by the National Key Science&Technology Projects during 13th Five-Year Plan(2016ZX05053-003)Young Scholars Development fund of SWPU(201499010121)
文摘It has been known that the productivity of artesian wells is strongly dependent on the rheological properties of crude oils. This work targets two deep artesian wells(>5000 m) that are producing heavy crude oil. The impacts of well conditions including temperature, pressure and shear rate, on the crude oil rheology were comprehensively investigated and correlated using several empirical rheological models. The experimental data indicate that this heavy oil is very sensitive to temperature as result of microstructure change caused by hydrogen bonding. The rheological behavior of the heavy oil is also significantly impacted by the imposed pressure, i.e., the viscosity flow activation energy(Eμ) gently increases with the increasing pressure. The viscosity–shear rate data are well fitted to the power law model at low temperature. However, due to the transition of fluid feature at high temperature(Newtonian fluid), the measured viscosity was found to slightly deviate from the fitting data. Combining the evaluated correlations, the viscosity profile of the heavy crude oil in these two deep artesian wells as a function of well depth was predicted using the oilfield producing data.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81573273,81673279,21572010 and 21772005)National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for"Significant New Drugs Development"(Grant No.2018ZX09735001-003)
文摘Natural products（NPs） have long been recognized as a valuable resource for drug discovery, and bringing NP-related features to virtual libraries is believed to be an effective way to increase the coverage of druggable chemical space. Here, deep learning-based molecule generative model, which is a recent technique in de novo molecule design, was applied to generate virtual libraries with NP-like properties. Results demonstrated that the model was effective in generating molecules that highly resemble NPs. Moreover, the model was also found to be capable of generating NP-like molecules that were also easy to synthesize, significantly increasing the practical value of the compound library.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 5227705。
文摘Finite-control-set model predictive control(FCSMPC)has advantages of multi-objective optimization and easy implementation.To reduce the computational burden and switching frequency,this article proposed a simplified MPC for dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(DTPPMSM).The novelty of this method is the decomposition of prediction function and the switching optimization algorithm.Based on the decomposition of prediction function,the current increment vector is obtained,which is employed to select the optimal voltage vector and calculate the duty cycle.Then,the computation burden can be reduced and the current tracking performance can be maintained.Additionally,the switching optimization algorithm was proposed to optimize the voltage vector action sequence,which results in lower switching frequency.Hence,this control strategy can not only reduce the computation burden and switching frequency,but also maintain the steady-state and dynamic performance.The simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed strategy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52475610)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LDQ24E050001).
文摘Despite the promising progress in conductive hydrogels made with pure conducting polymer,great challenges remain in the interface adhesion and robustness in longterm monitoring.To address these challenges,Prof.Seung Hwan Ko and Taek-Soo Kim’s team introduced a laserinduced phase separation and adhesion method for fabricating conductive hydrogels consisting of pure poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate on polymer substrates.The laser-induced phase separation and adhesion treated conducting polymers can be selectively transformed into conductive hydrogels that exhibit wet conductivities of 101.4 S cm^(−1) with a spatial resolution down to 5μm.Moreover,they maintain impedance and charge-storage capacity even after 1 h of sonication.The micropatterned electrode arrays demonstrate their potential in long-term in vivo signal recordings,highlighting their promising role in the field of bioelectronics.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52475610,52105593)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LDQ24E050001)+1 种基金the"Pioneer"and"Leading Goose"R&D Program of Zhejiang(2023C03007,2024C01173)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2024-00085)。
文摘Extreme environments challenge the structural health monitoring of advanced equipment.In-situ dynamic tracking temperature is of particular value due to its enormous impact on material properties.However,the realization of such integrated temperature sensors typically requires complicated layer-by-layer molding and sintering processes including additional thermal barrier coatings.Herein,we report a laser-induced in-situ conductive passivation strategy for the fabrication of a thin-film based wide-range temperature sensor.The instantaneous thermal effect of laser irradiation creates crystalline conductive traces in response to temperature variations.Synchronously,it also allows the formation of an amorphous antioxidative layer without necessitating extra protective coatings.Such configuration enables precise real-time sensing across-50℃to 950℃following the Steinhart-Hart equation.It also exhibits durable performance with only 1.2%drift over 20 hours during long-term high-temperature,instant thermal shock,frequent wearing,and severe vibration.This in-situ,facile laser manufacturing strategy holds great promise in structural health monitoring and fault diagnosis for advanced equipment working in extreme environments.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFF1000202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771368, 31821005,31701397)+3 种基金Ten-thousand Talents Programs of ChinaFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662020SKPY006)Wuhan Applied Foundational Frontier Project (2020020601012257)Hubei Hongshan Laboratory (2021hszd005),China
文摘Grain chalkiness,an undesirable trait caused by complex factors,has great negative impacts on the quality and economic value of rice.However,little is known about the regulatory mechanism of grain chalkiness,particularly the effect of endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress.Here,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)reveals that the transcription factor Osb ZIP60 is a vital regulator of rice grain chalkiness.Genetic analysis demonstrates that knockout of Osb ZIP60 results in extremely high grain chalkiness and aberrant structure of storage substances.Notably,the expression of unfolded protein response(UPR)genes,such as OsbZIP50,Os Bi P1,Os Bi P2 and Os Bi P3,is up-regulated in the endosperm cells of osbzip60,and overexpression of all these UPR genes causes various degrees of chalkiness.Furthermore,Osb ZIP60 is found to activate the expression of key genes related to grain chalkiness,such as GPA3,FSE1,FLO7,Chalk5,Os NF-YB1,and Os PK2,whose expression is significantly suppressed in osbzip60 and overexpression lines of Osb ZIP50,Os Bi P1,Os Bi P2,and Os Bi P3.Our study provides novel insights into the function of Osb ZIP60 and the role of the UPR pathway in the formation of grain chalkiness in rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81672028 and 81371788)。
文摘Human cytomegalovirus(HCMV)is a double-strand DNA virus widely infected in human.Circular RNAs(circ RNAs)are non-coding RNAs with most functions of which keep unknown,and the effects of HCMV productive infection on host circ RNA transcriptions remain unclear.In this study,we profiled 283 host circ RNAs that significantly altered by HCMV productive infection in human embryonic lung fibroblasts(HELF)by RNA deep sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.Among these,circ SP100,circ MAP3 K1,circ PLEKHM1,and circ TRIO were validated for their transcriptions and sequences.Furthermore,characteristics of circ SP100 were investigated by RT-q PCR and northern blot.It was implied that circ SP100 was produced from the sense strand of the SP100 gene containing six exons.Kinetics of circ SP100 and SP100 m RNA were significantly different after infection:circ SP100 levels increased gradually along with infection,whereas SP100 m RNA levels increased in the beginning and dropped at 24 h post-infection(hpi).Meanwhile,a total number of 257 proteins,including 10 HCMV encoding proteins,were identified potentially binding to cytoplasmic circ SP100 by RNA antisense purification(RAP)and mass spectrometry.Enrichment analysis showed these proteins were mainly involved in the spliceosome,protein processing,ribosome,and phagosome pathways,suggesting multiple functions of circ SP100 during HCMV infection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072042,31821005,32000370)Ten-Thousand Talents Programs,Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662020SKPY006)+1 种基金Wuhan Applied Foundational Frontier Project(2020020601012257)Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2021hszd005).
文摘Guanine nucleotide exchange factors(GEFs)and guanine nucleotide-dissociation inhibitors(GDIs)regulate small GTPase proteins,which function as molecular switches in various signaling pathways,but their identification and functions in plants are not well understood.Using in-silico analysis and transgenic approaches,respectively,we dissected the evolutionary relationships and functions of all GEF and GDI genes in rice.Intron-exon distribution and phylogenetic analyses identified 30 GEF and 10 GDI genes in rice that shared close evolutionary relationships with other eukaryotes.Tissue-specific expression and co-expression analyses revealed that phylogenetically related genes had similar expression patterns.GEF and GDI genes were highly expressed in panicles,hulls,and stamens.Co-expression network analysis identified panicle and stamen-specific modules of co-expressed genes in both families.Mapping of these genes in known protein interactomes further identified two and one small G-protein sub-networks.A mutant library of GEF and GDI families was constructed by CRISPR knockout of each gene,and their genotypes and phenotypes were confirmed.Phenotype changes occurred with the mutation of only three genes(OsGEF5,OsGDI1,and OsGEF3).OsGEF5 and OsGDI1 single mutants exhibited significantly reduced height and longer and thinner grains,whereas OsGEF3 mutants had reduced grain length compared to the wild type.Haplotype and eGWAS analyses showed that natural variations in the three genes affected gene expression in reproductive tissues that were significantly associated with the phenotypic variation.BiFC assays demonstrated that GDI1 and GEF3 interacted with grain-size protein GS3,pointing to a role of these genes in the regulation of grain size and plant architecture connected to heterotrimeric G-proteins in rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20470,32072042,31821005)Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2022hszd025,2021hszd005)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei(2023BBB135,2022BBA0033)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662023PY002).
文摘Rice is one of the most important cereal crops in the world,providing food for more than half of the global population;therefore,increasing grain yield is a major goal of rice breeding.Rice grain yield is largely dependent on grain size,which is specified by its three dimensions(grain length,width,and thickness)and by the degree of grain filling(Xing and Zhang,2010;Fan and Li,2019).Grain size is an important agronomic trait for stable yield,appearance,milling quality,and domestication in rice that is controlled by multiple genes.Thus,discovering more genes regulating grain size for understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying natural variations is important in crop molecular breeding(Zuo and Li,2014).
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21572010B020601)
文摘As a valuable resource for drug discovery, natural products remain largely unexplored. The cheminformatics analysis of natural product databases could help us know better about natural products, providing valuable information in drug design. In this study, we collected an in-home natural product library consisting of more than 220 000 molecules. The results showed that natural products were distributed more diversely than synthetic compounds and approved drugs in chemical space, and natural products still possessed better scaffold diversity. Besides, natural product scaffolds had more potential in some specific indications, such as antiarthritic, antihypertensive, antiallergic and analgesic. However, the utilization rate of natural product scaffolds is relatively low, especially in terms of potential indications. Therefore, we recommend the greater use of natural products while designing lead libraries.
基金supported by grants from STI 2030-Major Projects(2023ZD0406902)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200103,2023ZD04073)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20470,32072042,31821005)Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2022hszd025,2021hszd005)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei(2023BBB135,2022BBA0033)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662023PY002).
文摘The highly conserved CLV–WUS negative feedback pathway plays a decisive role in regulating stem cell maintenance in shoot and floral meristems in higher plants,including Arabidopsis,rice,maize,and tomato.Here,we find significant natural variations in the OsCLV2c,OsCLV2d,and OsCRN1 loci in a genome-wide association study of grain shape in rice.OsCLV2a,OsCLV2c,OsCLV2d,and OsCRN1 negatively regulate grain length–width ratio and show distinctive geographical distribution,indica–japonica differentiation,and artificial selection signatures.Notably,OsCLV2a and OsCRN1 interact biochemically and genetically,suggesting that the two components function in a complex to regulate grain shape of rice.Furthermore,the genetic contributions of the haplotypes combining OsCLV2a,OsCLV2c,and OsCRN1 are significantly higher than those of each single gene alone in controlling key yield traits.These findings identify two groups of receptor-like kinases that may function as distinct co-receptors to control grain size in rice,thereby revealing a previously unrecognized role of the CLV class genes in regulating seed development and proposing a framework to understand the molecular mechanisms of the CLV–WUS pathway in rice and other crops.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(x2021-JYB-XJSJJ-032)Beijing Municipal Commission of Education,Double First-class,High-caliber Talents Grant(1000041510156)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the differences between meditation and resting states using infrared thermal imaging(IRTI)to determine facial temperature distribution features during meditation and annotate the patterns of facial temperature changes during meditation from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine facial diagnosis.Methods:Each participant performed 10 min meditation and 10 min resting but in different sequences.A concentration test was set as the task load,followed by a meditation/resting or resting/meditation session,during which the participants'facial temperatures were observed using IRTI.Participants were scored on the Big Five Inventory(BFI)and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS).Results:Forehead temperatures decreased more during meditation than during the resting state.The chin temperature increased only during meditation(P<.0001).For the subjects with meditation experience,there were significant differences in the temperatures of the left forehead(P<.01),right forehead(P<.01)and chin(P<.05)between the meditation and resting state at the 10~(th)min.In the nontask state,the BFI-Extraversion showed a negative correlation with the temperature of the left forehead(R=-0.41,P=.03).In the post-task state,the temperature of the left forehead was negatively correlated with scores on the MAAS(R=-0.42,P=.02).Conclusion:Using IRTI to study meditation offers a practical solution to the challenges in meditation research.The results indicate that an increase in chin temperature may be a representative feature of a meditation state,and forehead temperature is also a potential indicator.
文摘The information of affiliation 1 and 3 was incorrect.The information of affiliations should read as given below.Author information 1 Virology Lab,Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang 110004,China 2 Department of Laboratory,Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College,Shenyang 110024,China.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology(2022YFD1200100 and 2021YFF1000200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20211 and 31821005)+1 种基金the Hubei Science and Technology(2024BBA005),the AgroST Project(NK20220501)the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-01-01).
文摘Grain size,which encompasses grain length,width,and thickness,is a critical determinant of both grain weight and quality in rice.Despite the extensive regulatory networks known to determine grain length and width,the pathway(s)that regulate grain thickness remain to be clarified.Here,we present the mapbased cloning and characterization of qGT3,a major quantitative trait locus for grain thickness in rice that encodes the MADS-domain transcription factor OsMADS1.Our findings demonstrate that OsMADS1 regulates grain thickness by affecting sugar delivery during grain filling,and we show that OsMADS1 modulates expression of the downstream monosaccharide transporter gene MST4.A natural variant leads to alternative splicing and thus to a truncated OsMADS1 protein with attenuated transcriptional repressor activity.The truncated OsMADS1 protein results in increased expression of MST4,leading to enhanced loading of monosaccharides into the developing endosperm and thereby increasing grain thickness and improving grain quality.In addition,our results reveal that NF-YB1 and NF-YC12 interact directly with OsMADS1,acting as cofactors to enhance its transcriptional activity toward MST4.Collectively,these findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying grain thickness regulation that is controlled by the OsMADS1–NF-YB1–YC12 complex and has great potential for synergistic improvement of grain yield and quality in rice.
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0407105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272041,U21A20207)+4 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1002400)the Innovative Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2022hszd015)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2024AFB714,2023AFA095,2022CFA024)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662025SKPY007).
文摘Drought stress severely limits rice productivity.Understanding of drought-response mechanisms in rice is essential for developing climate-resilient varieties.While cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases(CRKs)are primarily implicated in plant development and immunity,their role in drought response remains poorly understood.In this study,we identified a CRK,OsCRK14,as a key positive regulator of drought resistance in rice.We demonstrated that plasma membrane-localized OsCRK14 phosphorylates the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase OsRLCK57 under drought stress,leading to activate a mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade(OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6).Activated OsMPK6 directly phosphorylates the abscisic acid-responsive transcription factor OsbZIP66 at conserved Serine-Proline/Threonine-Proline motifs,enhancing its stability and promoting drought-responsive gene expression.Furthermore,we found that natural variations in the OsCRK14 promoter influence its transcript levels due to the altered OsMYB72 binding affinities,which are correlated with drought-resistance differences among rice varieties.Collectively,our study discovers a novel CRK-RLCK-MAPK-bZIP signaling pathway that connects membrane signal sensing to transcriptional regulation in drought response,providing both mechanistic insights and genetic resources for breeding drought-resistant rice.
