BACKGROUND Functional constipation(FC)is a common and chronic gastrointestinal disease and its treatment remains challenging.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)on efficacy rate,glob...BACKGROUND Functional constipation(FC)is a common and chronic gastrointestinal disease and its treatment remains challenging.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)on efficacy rate,global symptoms,bowel movements and the Bristol Stool Scale score in patients with FC by summarizing current available randomized controlled trials(RCTs).METHODS RCTs with CHM to treat FC were identified by a systematic search of six databases from inception to October 20,2020.Two independent reviewers assessed the quality of the included articles and extracted data.Meta-analyses were performed to odds ratio(OR),mean differences(MD)and 95%confidence interval(CI)using random-effects models.Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were used to explore and interpret the sources of heterogeneity.The funnel plot,Begg’s test and Egger’s test were used to detect publication bias.RESULTS Ninety-seven studies involving 8693 patients were included in this work.CHM was significantly associated with a higher efficacy rate(OR:3.62,95%CI:3.19-4.11,P<0.00001)less severe global symptoms(OR:4.03,95%CI:3.49-4.65,P<0.00001)compared with control treatment,with the low heterogeneity between studies(I2=0%,P=0.76).CHM was also associated with more frequent bowel movements(MD 0.83,95%CI:0.67-0.98,P<0.00001),a lower score on the Bristol Stool Scale(OR:1.63,95%CI:1.15-2.32,P<0.006),and a not significant recurrence rate(OR:0.47,95%CI:0.22-0.99,P=0.05).No serious adverse effects of CHM were reported.CONCLUSION In this meta-analysis,we found that CHM may have potential benefits in increasing the number of bowel movements,improving stool characteristics and alleviating global symptoms in FC patients.However,a firm conclusion could not be reached because of the poor quality of the included trials.Further trials with higher quality are required.展开更多
Chiral zero-dimensional(0D)hybrid metal halides,merging chirality with exceptional emission properties,are highly promising for circularly polarized luminescence(CPL).For CPL applications,it is difficult to simultaneo...Chiral zero-dimensional(0D)hybrid metal halides,merging chirality with exceptional emission properties,are highly promising for circularly polarized luminescence(CPL).For CPL applications,it is difficult to simultaneously achieve large dissymmetry factor(g_(lum))and photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY).Herein,we propose a chemical design strategy to systematically control the g_(lum) and PLQY.We take achiral or chiral organic cations,to partially substitute the original A-site in A_(3)SbCl_(6)(A=(R/S)-morpholin-2-ylmethanol,R/S-MOR),to form ordered chiral-achiral halides(A)_(2)(B)SbCl_(6)(B=ethylammonium,isopropylammonium,2-chloroethylammonium,n-propylammonium,n-butylammonium),and ordered mixed chiral-chiral halides(A)_(2)(C)SbCl_(6)(C=(R/S)-1-amino-2-propanol),respectively.The introduction of different natures of cations not only systematically alters the PLQY(up to 86.0%)by increasing the Sb···Sb distances and[SbCl_(6)]^(3-)octahedral distortion,but also significantly amplifies the chirality with enhanced g_(lum).Among them,the mixed chiral-chiral material achieves the largest g_(lum) value(~9×10^(-3))with a high PLQY of 71.6%.The added dimension of a different chiral source reinforces the chirality and suppresses the inorganic octahedra vibration via hydrogen bonding interactions between the hydroxyl group and[SbCl_(6)]^(3-)octahedra.This work showcases an effective strategy to enhance the chiroptic properties and unlocks a large variety of new functional hybrid halides with ordered chiral/achiral cation combinations.展开更多
Biologically inspired neuromorphic perceptual systems have great potential for efficient processing of multisensory signals from the physical world.Recently,artificial neurons constructed by memristor have been develo...Biologically inspired neuromorphic perceptual systems have great potential for efficient processing of multisensory signals from the physical world.Recently,artificial neurons constructed by memristor have been developed with good biological plausibility and density,but the filament-type memristor is limited by undesirable temporal and spatial variations,high electroforming voltage and limited reproducibility and the Mott insulator type memristor suffer from large driving current.Here,we propose a novel antiferroelectric artificial neu-ron(AFEAN)based on the intrinsic polarization and depolarization of AgNbO_(3)(ANO)antiferroelectric(AFE)films to address these challenges.The antiferroelectric memristor exhibits low power consumption(8.99 nW),excel-lent durability(-10^(5))and high stability.Using such an AFEAN,a spike-based antiferroelectric neuromorphic perception system(AFENPS)has been designed,which can encode light level and temperature signals into spikes,and further construct a spiking neural network(SNN)(784×196×10)for optical image classification and thermal imaging classification,achieving 95.34%and 95.76%recognition accuracy on the MNIST dataset,respectively.This work paves the way for the simulation of spiking neurons using antiferro-electric materials and promising a promising method for the development of highly efficient hardware for neuromorphic perception systems.展开更多
Calcium-dependent protein kinases(CDPKs)act as key signal transduction enzymes in plants,especially in response to diverse stresses,including herbivory.In this study,a comprehensive analysis of the CDPK gene family in...Calcium-dependent protein kinases(CDPKs)act as key signal transduction enzymes in plants,especially in response to diverse stresses,including herbivory.In this study,a comprehensive analysis of the CDPK gene family in upland cotton revealed that GhCPKs are widely expressed in multiple cotton tissues and respond positively to various biotic and abiotic stresses.We developed a strategy for screening insect-resistance genes from a CRISPR-Cas9 mutant library of GhCPKs.The library was created using 246 single-guide RNAs targeting the GhCPK gene family to generate 518 independent T0 plants.The average target-gene coverage was 86.18%,the genome editing rate was 89.49%,and the editing heritability was 82%.An insect bioassay in the field led to identification of 14 GhCPK mutants that are resistant or susceptible to insects.The mutant that showed the clearest insect resistance,cpk33/74(in which the homologous genes GhCPK33 and GhCPK74 were knocked out),was selected for further study.Oral secretions from Spodoptera litura induced a rapid influx of Ca^(2+) in cpk33/74 leaves,resulting in a significant increase in jasmonic acid content.S-adenosylmethionine synthase is an important protein involved in plant stress response,and protein interaction experiments provided evidence for interactions of GhCPK33 and GhCPK74 with GhSAMS1 and GhSAM2.In addition,virus-induced gene silencing of GhSAMS1 and GhSAM2 in cotton impaired defense against S.litura.This study demonstrates an effective strategy for constructing a mutant library of a gene family in a polyploid plant species and offers valuable insights into the role of CDPKs in the interaction between plants and herbivorous insects.展开更多
基金Supported by the Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Development Fund(19B2/057A).
文摘BACKGROUND Functional constipation(FC)is a common and chronic gastrointestinal disease and its treatment remains challenging.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)on efficacy rate,global symptoms,bowel movements and the Bristol Stool Scale score in patients with FC by summarizing current available randomized controlled trials(RCTs).METHODS RCTs with CHM to treat FC were identified by a systematic search of six databases from inception to October 20,2020.Two independent reviewers assessed the quality of the included articles and extracted data.Meta-analyses were performed to odds ratio(OR),mean differences(MD)and 95%confidence interval(CI)using random-effects models.Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were used to explore and interpret the sources of heterogeneity.The funnel plot,Begg’s test and Egger’s test were used to detect publication bias.RESULTS Ninety-seven studies involving 8693 patients were included in this work.CHM was significantly associated with a higher efficacy rate(OR:3.62,95%CI:3.19-4.11,P<0.00001)less severe global symptoms(OR:4.03,95%CI:3.49-4.65,P<0.00001)compared with control treatment,with the low heterogeneity between studies(I2=0%,P=0.76).CHM was also associated with more frequent bowel movements(MD 0.83,95%CI:0.67-0.98,P<0.00001),a lower score on the Bristol Stool Scale(OR:1.63,95%CI:1.15-2.32,P<0.006),and a not significant recurrence rate(OR:0.47,95%CI:0.22-0.99,P=0.05).No serious adverse effects of CHM were reported.CONCLUSION In this meta-analysis,we found that CHM may have potential benefits in increasing the number of bowel movements,improving stool characteristics and alleviating global symptoms in FC patients.However,a firm conclusion could not be reached because of the poor quality of the included trials.Further trials with higher quality are required.
基金supported by the Research and Development Fund of Inner Mongolia University(21300-5187174)the Program of Higher-Level Talents of Inner Mongolia University(10000-23112101/105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22275077,22461160285 and 22401161).
文摘Chiral zero-dimensional(0D)hybrid metal halides,merging chirality with exceptional emission properties,are highly promising for circularly polarized luminescence(CPL).For CPL applications,it is difficult to simultaneously achieve large dissymmetry factor(g_(lum))and photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY).Herein,we propose a chemical design strategy to systematically control the g_(lum) and PLQY.We take achiral or chiral organic cations,to partially substitute the original A-site in A_(3)SbCl_(6)(A=(R/S)-morpholin-2-ylmethanol,R/S-MOR),to form ordered chiral-achiral halides(A)_(2)(B)SbCl_(6)(B=ethylammonium,isopropylammonium,2-chloroethylammonium,n-propylammonium,n-butylammonium),and ordered mixed chiral-chiral halides(A)_(2)(C)SbCl_(6)(C=(R/S)-1-amino-2-propanol),respectively.The introduction of different natures of cations not only systematically alters the PLQY(up to 86.0%)by increasing the Sb···Sb distances and[SbCl_(6)]^(3-)octahedral distortion,but also significantly amplifies the chirality with enhanced g_(lum).Among them,the mixed chiral-chiral material achieves the largest g_(lum) value(~9×10^(-3))with a high PLQY of 71.6%.The added dimension of a different chiral source reinforces the chirality and suppresses the inorganic octahedra vibration via hydrogen bonding interactions between the hydroxyl group and[SbCl_(6)]^(3-)octahedra.This work showcases an effective strategy to enhance the chiroptic properties and unlocks a large variety of new functional hybrid halides with ordered chiral/achiral cation combinations.
基金Funding information National Key R&D Plan“Nano Frontier”Key Special Project,Grant/Award Number:2021YFA1200502Cultivation Projects of National Major R&D Project,Grant/Award Number:92164109+15 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:61874158,62004056,62104058Special Project of Strategic Leading Science and Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant/Award Number:XDB44000000-7Key Projects Supported by the Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund,Grant/Award Number:U23A20365Hebei Province High-Level Talent Funding Project,Grant/Award Number:B20231003Yanzhao Young Scientist Project of Hebei Province,Grant/Award Number:F2023201076Key R&D Plan Projects in Hebei Province,Grant/Award Number:22311101DHebei Basic Research Special Key Project,Grant/Award Number:F2021201045Support Program for the Top Young Talents of Hebei Province,Grant/Award Number:70280011807Supporting Plan for 100 Excellent Innovative Talents in Colleges and Universities of Hebei Province,Grant/Award Number:SLRC2019018Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,Grant/Award Numbers:F2022201054,F2021201022,F2022201002,F2021201045Interdisciplinary Research Program of Natural Science of Hebei University,Grant/Award Number:DXK202101Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development,Grant/Award Number:521100311Outstanding Young Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Hebei University,Grant/Award Number:605020521001Special Support Funds for National High Level Talents,Grant/Award Number:041500120001Advanced Talents Incubation Program of the Hebei University,Grant/Award Numbers:521000981426,521100221071,521000981363,521100224232Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department,Grant/Award Numbers:QN2020178,QN2021026。
文摘Biologically inspired neuromorphic perceptual systems have great potential for efficient processing of multisensory signals from the physical world.Recently,artificial neurons constructed by memristor have been developed with good biological plausibility and density,but the filament-type memristor is limited by undesirable temporal and spatial variations,high electroforming voltage and limited reproducibility and the Mott insulator type memristor suffer from large driving current.Here,we propose a novel antiferroelectric artificial neu-ron(AFEAN)based on the intrinsic polarization and depolarization of AgNbO_(3)(ANO)antiferroelectric(AFE)films to address these challenges.The antiferroelectric memristor exhibits low power consumption(8.99 nW),excel-lent durability(-10^(5))and high stability.Using such an AFEAN,a spike-based antiferroelectric neuromorphic perception system(AFENPS)has been designed,which can encode light level and temperature signals into spikes,and further construct a spiking neural network(SNN)(784×196×10)for optical image classification and thermal imaging classification,achieving 95.34%and 95.76%recognition accuracy on the MNIST dataset,respectively.This work paves the way for the simulation of spiking neurons using antiferro-electric materials and promising a promising method for the development of highly efficient hardware for neuromorphic perception systems.
基金Biological Breeding of Stress Tolerant and High Yield Cotton Varieties(2023ZD04040)to L.M.National Natural Science Fund of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(32325039)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272128)to S.J.,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32401780)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(222102110151)to S.L.Major Science and Technology Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023A02003-2)to B.L.
文摘Calcium-dependent protein kinases(CDPKs)act as key signal transduction enzymes in plants,especially in response to diverse stresses,including herbivory.In this study,a comprehensive analysis of the CDPK gene family in upland cotton revealed that GhCPKs are widely expressed in multiple cotton tissues and respond positively to various biotic and abiotic stresses.We developed a strategy for screening insect-resistance genes from a CRISPR-Cas9 mutant library of GhCPKs.The library was created using 246 single-guide RNAs targeting the GhCPK gene family to generate 518 independent T0 plants.The average target-gene coverage was 86.18%,the genome editing rate was 89.49%,and the editing heritability was 82%.An insect bioassay in the field led to identification of 14 GhCPK mutants that are resistant or susceptible to insects.The mutant that showed the clearest insect resistance,cpk33/74(in which the homologous genes GhCPK33 and GhCPK74 were knocked out),was selected for further study.Oral secretions from Spodoptera litura induced a rapid influx of Ca^(2+) in cpk33/74 leaves,resulting in a significant increase in jasmonic acid content.S-adenosylmethionine synthase is an important protein involved in plant stress response,and protein interaction experiments provided evidence for interactions of GhCPK33 and GhCPK74 with GhSAMS1 and GhSAM2.In addition,virus-induced gene silencing of GhSAMS1 and GhSAM2 in cotton impaired defense against S.litura.This study demonstrates an effective strategy for constructing a mutant library of a gene family in a polyploid plant species and offers valuable insights into the role of CDPKs in the interaction between plants and herbivorous insects.
