The global COVID-19 pandemic caused various economic contraction in most countries,including all of China’s major trading partners.Using a difference-in-differences model,this study examines the impact of the COVID-1...The global COVID-19 pandemic caused various economic contraction in most countries,including all of China’s major trading partners.Using a difference-in-differences model,this study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on China’s monthly exports from January 2019 to May 2020.We find strong and robust evidence that China’s exports to countries at high risk from the pandemic experienced a larger decline than exports to low-risk countries after the onset of the pandemic,with the prices of exports increasing significantly.Furthermore,the results of a triple differences model show heterogeneous effects across different industries and goods.Chinese industries located upstream in the global value chain are more vulnerable than those located downstream.Industries with high labor and contract intensity(proxies for processing trade)experienced greater declines than other industries.Exports of goods with high import elasticity of substitution experienced higher prices and moderate volume losses due to the pandemic.展开更多
China's exports experienced a rapid recovery after the outbreak of the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic.A primary engine was cross-border e-commerce(CBEC)trade,which bucked the downward export trend during the pandemic.By e...China's exports experienced a rapid recovery after the outbreak of the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic.A primary engine was cross-border e-commerce(CBEC)trade,which bucked the downward export trend during the pandemic.By exploring the variation in the number of CBEC comprehensive pilot zones across provinces,we identified the causal impact of CBEC on exports using monthly province-product-destination data for 2019 and 2020.We found strong and robust evidence that CBEC contributed to exports during the pandemic by promoting the expansion of incumbent exports(intensive margin)rather than through the expansion of product categories and exporting partners(extensive margin).Specifically,higher pandemic risk suppressed the role of CBEC at the intensive margin while enhancing it at the extensive margin.Exports to developed countries benefited more from CBEC,both intensively and extensively.Compared with final products,a larger number of intermediate products were exported through CBEC after the outbreak of the pandemic.展开更多
Could land reallocation partially explain the decision of off-farm employment of farmers in rural China? Using an individual-level survey data,we find that there is no effect of land reallocation on the individuals...Could land reallocation partially explain the decision of off-farm employment of farmers in rural China? Using an individual-level survey data,we find that there is no effect of land reallocation on the individuals' decision on off-farm employments.However,there is a robust negative effect of land reallocation on the amount of time that villagers devote to off-farm work.The first result is attributed to the large earnings difference between farm and nonfarm work;the second result is attributed to the fact that village leaders reallocate land from households short of farm labor to households that farm intensively.展开更多
By using household survey data, this paper examines the effect of legal knowledge, a proxy for farmers＇ ability to protect their land, on agricultural development in rural China. The Ordinary Least Square （OLS） est...By using household survey data, this paper examines the effect of legal knowledge, a proxy for farmers＇ ability to protect their land, on agricultural development in rural China. The Ordinary Least Square （OLS） estimation results indicate that legal knowledge in a household raises agricultural production. Further, once the production effect of legal knowledge is controlled for, the objective measure of land expropriation has no production effect. These results survive for alternative measures of legal knowledge and subsample analysis. A two-stage least squares strategy further confirms that the effect of legal knowledge on farm production is causal. A preliminary channel analysis suggests that the impact of legal knowledge on farm production works mainly through farmyard manure investments and labor incentives.展开更多
文摘The global COVID-19 pandemic caused various economic contraction in most countries,including all of China’s major trading partners.Using a difference-in-differences model,this study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on China’s monthly exports from January 2019 to May 2020.We find strong and robust evidence that China’s exports to countries at high risk from the pandemic experienced a larger decline than exports to low-risk countries after the onset of the pandemic,with the prices of exports increasing significantly.Furthermore,the results of a triple differences model show heterogeneous effects across different industries and goods.Chinese industries located upstream in the global value chain are more vulnerable than those located downstream.Industries with high labor and contract intensity(proxies for processing trade)experienced greater declines than other industries.Exports of goods with high import elasticity of substitution experienced higher prices and moderate volume losses due to the pandemic.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72073095)East China University of Science and Technology's Exploratory Research Fund Project.Yan Zhang gratefully acknowledges support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2023110139)the Shanghai Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science(No.2023BJB010).
文摘China's exports experienced a rapid recovery after the outbreak of the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic.A primary engine was cross-border e-commerce(CBEC)trade,which bucked the downward export trend during the pandemic.By exploring the variation in the number of CBEC comprehensive pilot zones across provinces,we identified the causal impact of CBEC on exports using monthly province-product-destination data for 2019 and 2020.We found strong and robust evidence that CBEC contributed to exports during the pandemic by promoting the expansion of incumbent exports(intensive margin)rather than through the expansion of product categories and exporting partners(extensive margin).Specifically,higher pandemic risk suppressed the role of CBEC at the intensive margin while enhancing it at the extensive margin.Exports to developed countries benefited more from CBEC,both intensively and extensively.Compared with final products,a larger number of intermediate products were exported through CBEC after the outbreak of the pandemic.
基金The authors thank the editor and two anonymous referees for insightful comments and are very grateful to James Kai-sing Kung for making available the dataset for analysis.Yi Che gratefully acknowledges the support from the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71703099)Shanghai International Institute of Finance and Economics.Zuojun Fan gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the Fund of Humanities and Social Sciences Project of the Chinese Ministry of Education(No.16JZD017)+1 种基金Yan Zhang gratefully acknowledges the support from the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71703085)Special Research Fund of China-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Development and Development Program of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Teams(No.CWZ201514).
文摘Could land reallocation partially explain the decision of off-farm employment of farmers in rural China? Using an individual-level survey data,we find that there is no effect of land reallocation on the individuals' decision on off-farm employments.However,there is a robust negative effect of land reallocation on the amount of time that villagers devote to off-farm work.The first result is attributed to the large earnings difference between farm and nonfarm work;the second result is attributed to the fact that village leaders reallocate land from households short of farm labor to households that farm intensively.
文摘By using household survey data, this paper examines the effect of legal knowledge, a proxy for farmers＇ ability to protect their land, on agricultural development in rural China. The Ordinary Least Square （OLS） estimation results indicate that legal knowledge in a household raises agricultural production. Further, once the production effect of legal knowledge is controlled for, the objective measure of land expropriation has no production effect. These results survive for alternative measures of legal knowledge and subsample analysis. A two-stage least squares strategy further confirms that the effect of legal knowledge on farm production is causal. A preliminary channel analysis suggests that the impact of legal knowledge on farm production works mainly through farmyard manure investments and labor incentives.
