Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)is a crucial process that provides bioavailable nitrogen and supports primary production in freshwater lake ecosystems.However,the characteristics of diazotrophic community and nitroge...Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)is a crucial process that provides bioavailable nitrogen and supports primary production in freshwater lake ecosystems.However,the characteristics of diazotrophic community and nitrogenase activity in freshwater lake sediments remain poorly understood.Here,we investigated the diazotrophic communities and nitrogenase activities in the sediments of three large river-connected freshwater lakes in eastern China using 15N-isotope tracing and nifH sequencing.The sediments in these lakes contained diverse nitrogenase genes that were phylogenetically grouped into Clusters I and III.The diazotrophic communities in the sedimentswere dominated by stochastic processes in Hongze Lake and Taihu Lake,which had heterogeneous habitats and shallower water depths,while in Poyang Lake,which had deeper water and a shorter hydraulic retention time,the assembly of the diazotrophic community in the sediments was dominated by homogeneous selection processes.Temperature and water depth were also found the key environmental factors affecting the sediment diazotrophic communities.Sediment nitrogenase activities varied in the three lakes and within distinct regions of an individual lake,ranging from 0 to 14.58 nmol/(kg·hr).Nitrogenase activity was significantly correlated with ferric iron,total phosphorus,and organic matter contents.Our results suggested that freshwater lake sediment contain high diversity of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms with potential metabolic diversity,and the community assembly patterns and nitrogenase activities varied with the lake habitat.展开更多
Organic and inorganic materials migrate downstream and have important roles in regulating environmental health in the river networks.However,it remains unclear whether and how a mixture of materials(i.e.,microbial spe...Organic and inorganic materials migrate downstream and have important roles in regulating environmental health in the river networks.However,it remains unclear whether and how a mixture of materials(i.e.,microbial species)from various upstream habitats contribute to microbial community coalescence upstream of a dam.Here we track the spatial variation in microbial abundance and diversity in the Three Gorges Reservoir based on quantitative PCR and 16 S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing data.We further quantitatively assess the relative contributions of microbial species from mainstem,its tributaries,and the surrounding riverbank soils to the area immediately upstream of the Three Gorges Dam(TGD).We found an increase of microbial diversity and the convergent microbial distribution pattern in areas immediately upstream of TGD,suggesting this area become a new confluence for microbial diversity immigrating from upstream.Indeed,the number of shared species increased from upstream to TGD but unique species decreased,indicating immigration of various sources of microbial species overwhelms local environmental conditions in structuring microbial community close to TGD.By quantifying the sources of microbial species close to TGD,we found little contribution from soils as compared to tributaries,especially for sites closer to TGD,suggesting tributary microbes have greater influence on microbial diversity and environmental health in the Three Gorges Reservoir.Collectively,our results suggest that tracking microbial geographic origin and evaluating accumulating effects of microbial diversity shed light on the ecological processes in microbial communities and provide information for regulating aquatic ecological health.展开更多
[Objectives]To analyze the changes of export binary margins of Chinese bamboo rattan products,so as to clarify its export model,and further promote the healthy development growth of Chinese bamboo rattan products expo...[Objectives]To analyze the changes of export binary margins of Chinese bamboo rattan products,so as to clarify its export model,and further promote the healthy development growth of Chinese bamboo rattan products export.[Methods]Based on the export trade data of bamboo and rattan products from 2008 to 2018 in UN Comtrade database,the binary marginal decomposition method was employed to analyze the export growth pattern of bamboo and rattan products between China and 22 major trading partners.[Results]This paper shows that the export growth pattern of bamboo and rattan products between China and the target countries during the investigation period was dominated by extensive margin,supplemented by intensive margin,indicating that the export growth of Bamboo and rattan products is mainly driven by the increase of export types of bamboo and rattan products,and the potential of export intensive margin needs to be further explored.[Conclusions]It is necessary to continuously increase export type of bamboo rattan products,build an information platform for bamboo rattan trade,and strengthen the ability of dealing with trade barriers,and strengthening technology innovation of bamboo and rattan industry,so as to improve added value of bamboo and rattan products,and form an intensive model of export growth of bamboo rattan products.展开更多
Bioclimatic zonation is critical for understanding how climate shapes biodiversity and biogeographic patterns.However,existing studies have primarily focused on macroorganisms,leaving microbial communities largely und...Bioclimatic zonation is critical for understanding how climate shapes biodiversity and biogeographic patterns.However,existing studies have primarily focused on macroorganisms,leaving microbial communities largely underexplored.This study seeks to address this gap through extensive sampling of bacterial communities from 931 sediment samples across 199 lakes in China.Based on the obtained data,we identified five distinct lacustrine microbial bioclimatic zones,each showing significant differences in multiple facets of bacterial diversity(i.e.,alpha,beta,and gamma diversity)and clear bioclimatic zone-dependent microbial biogeographic patterns.Notably,the alpha and beta diversity of the bacterial communities showed opposing patterns across bioclimatic zones.Dominant environmental variables—specifically mean annual temperature,elevation,lake hydrological variables,and sediment pH—exerted contrasting effects on the alpha and beta diversity and played critical roles in shaping microbial community distribution at different spatial scales.At continental scales,predominant geographic and climatic variables dictated the patterns of bioclimatic zonation of lacustrine microbial communities.At regional scales,hydrological variables influenced the dispersal capacity of lake microbes,whereas sediment physicochemical variables were the most important selection factors shaping local microbial communities.Furthermore,our findings indicated that bioclimatic boundaries substantially enhanced the contribution of variable selection on bacterial community assembly and led to marked changes in distance-decay relationships in community dissimilarities.Overall,this study established a continental bioclimatic framework for lacustrine microbial communities,clarifying how environmental variables control microbial distributions across spatial scales,providing new insights into microbial biogeography,and advancing our knowledge about biodiversity under future climate change scenarios.展开更多
Anaerobic methanotrophic(ANME)microbes play a crucial role in the bioprocess of anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM).However,due to their unculturable status,their diversity is poorly understood.In this study,we establ...Anaerobic methanotrophic(ANME)microbes play a crucial role in the bioprocess of anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM).However,due to their unculturable status,their diversity is poorly understood.In this study,we established a microfluidics-based epicPCR(Emulsion,Paired Isolation,and Concatenation PCR)to fuse the 16S rRNA gene and mcrA gene to reveal thediversity of ANME microbes(mcrA gene hosts)in three sampling push-cores from the marine cold seep.A total of 372516Samplicon sequence variants(ASVs)of the mcrA gene hosts were detected,and classified into 78 genera across 23 phyla.Across all samples,the dominant phyla with high relative abundance(>10%)were the well-known Euryarchaeota,and somebacterial phyla such as Campylobacterota,Proteobacteria,and Chloroflexi;however,the specificity of these associations wasnot verified.In addition,the compositions of the mcrA gene hosts were significantly different in different layers,where thearchaeal hosts increased with the depths of sediments,indicating the carriers of AOM were divergent in depth.Furthermore,the consensus phylogenetic trees of the mcrA gene and the 16S rRNA gene showed congruence in archaea not in bacteria,suggesting the horizontal transfer of the mcrA gene may occur among host members.Finally,some bacterial metagenomeswere found to contain the mcrA gene as well as other genes that encode enzymes in the AOM pathway,which prospectivelypropose the existence of ANME bacteria.This study describes improvements for a potential method for studying the diversityof uncultured functional microbes and broadens our understanding of the diversity of ANMEs.展开更多
Exploring methane-metabolizing microorganisms'distribution patterns and driving factors is significant for estimating the global methane budget,but our current knowledge is limited.In this study,we took a systemat...Exploring methane-metabolizing microorganisms'distribution patterns and driving factors is significant for estimating the global methane budget,but our current knowledge is limited.In this study,we took a systematic soil and microbial survey along the coast of river channels in the Yellow River Delta,which included the most rapidly deposited sedimentation globally.The prokaryotes,fungi,and protists had more significant changes between two regions with distinct deposition ages than across soil depths,while the accumulation of soil organic matter was the most critical external driving force for the succession of microbial communities.The deposition ages of sedimentary soils also altered the methanogenic and methanotrophic communities,with methanogens showing a greater response to environmental gradient changes than methanotrophs.The distribution of methanogens was mainly influenced by the direct regulation of biological factors represented by fungi and indirectly regulated by environmental stresses along the sedimentation gradient.Our self-developed inter-domain ecological network platform has further investigated the inter-trophic relationships between methane-metabolizing microorganisms and other microbes.Methanogens and methanotrophs form the core species of a highly interconnected network,and there is a strong interdependence between them and fungi and protists,while other prokaryotic species are relatively independent,in addition,methanogens play a central role in species interactions as modular hubs,they tended to be associated with saprotrophic fungi in the older sedimentation region,while in the newer sedimentation region,they were more associated with bacterial groups.This study enhances our understanding of the microbial hierarchical web in coastal wetland ecosystems.展开更多
Functional gene arrays(FGAs)are a special type of microarrays containing probes for key genes involved in microbial functional processes,such as biogeochemical cycling of carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,phosphorus,and metals,b...Functional gene arrays(FGAs)are a special type of microarrays containing probes for key genes involved in microbial functional processes,such as biogeochemical cycling of carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,phosphorus,and metals,biodegradation of environmental contaminants,energy processing,and stress responses.GeoChips are considered as the most comprehensive FGAs.Experimentally established probe design criteria and a computational pipeline integrating sequence retrieval,probe design and verification,array construction,data analysis,and automatic update are used to develop the GeoChip technology.GeoChip has been systematically evaluated and demonstrated to be a powerful tool for rapid,specific,sensitive,and quantitative analysis of microbial communities in a high-throughput manner.Several generations of GeoChip have been developed and applied to investigate the functional diversity,composition,structure,function,and dynamics of a variety of microbial communities from different habitats,such as water,soil,marine,bioreactor,human microbiome,and extreme ecosystems.GeoChip is able to address fundamental questions related to global change,bioenergy,bioremediation,agricultural operation,land use,human health,environmental restoration,and ecological theories and to link the microbial community structure to environmental factors and ecosystem functioning.展开更多
In this paper,a serial time-encoded amplified microscopy(STEAM)by employing a multi-wavelength laser as the light source is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.This system achieves ultrafast optical imaging with ...In this paper,a serial time-encoded amplified microscopy(STEAM)by employing a multi-wavelength laser as the light source is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.This system achieves ultrafast optical imaging with a tunable frame rate.The measuring range depends on the spectrum width of the multi-wavelength laser.Through tuning the speed of the modulating signal,the frame rate ranges from 100to 250 MHz.In addition,the spatial resolution can be improved by increasing the group velocity dispersion and reducing the wavelength spacing.Finally,with the development of photonic integrate circuits(PIC),the multi-wavelength laser source has the potential for integration on a photonic chip and thus the size of the proposed STEAM could be reduced in the future.展开更多
An optical length-change measurement technique is proposed based on an incoherent microwave photonic filter(MPF).The optical length under testing is inserted into an optical link of a single-bandpass MPF based on a po...An optical length-change measurement technique is proposed based on an incoherent microwave photonic filter(MPF).The optical length under testing is inserted into an optical link of a single-bandpass MPF based on a polarization-processed incoherent light source.The key feature of the proposed technique is to transfer the length measurement in the optical domain to the electrical domain.In the electrical domain,the measurement resolution is extremely high thanks to the high-resolution measurement of microwave frequency response.In addition,since the MPF is a single-bandpass MPF,the optical length is uniquely determined by the central frequency of the MPF.A detailed investigation of the relation between the center frequency of the MPF and the optical length change is implemented.A measurement experiment is also demonstrated,and the experimental results show that the proposed technique has a measurement sensitivity of 1 GHz/mm with a high length-measurement resolution of 1 pm in theory.The proposed approach has the advantages of high sensitivity,high resolution,and immunity to power variation in electronic and optical links.展开更多
Terrestrial species are predicted to migrate northward under global warming conditions,yet little is known about the direction and magnitude of change in microbial distribution patterns.In this continental-scale study...Terrestrial species are predicted to migrate northward under global warming conditions,yet little is known about the direction and magnitude of change in microbial distribution patterns.In this continental-scale study with more than 1600 forest soil samples,we verify the existence of core microbiota and lump them into a manageable number of eco-clusters based on microbial habitat preferences.By projecting the abundance differences of eco-clusters between future and current climatic conditions,we observed the potential warming-driven migration of the core microbiota under warming,partially verified by a field warming experiment at Southwest China.Specifically,the species that favor low p H are potentially expanding and moving northward to medium-latitudes(25°–45°N),potentially implying that warm temperate forest would be under threat of soil acidification with warming.The eco-cluster of high-p H with high-annual mean temperature(AMT)experienced significant abundance increases at middle-(35°–45°N)to high-latitudes(>45°N),especially under Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)8.5,likely resulting in northward expansion.Furthermore,the eco-cluster that favors low-soil organic carbon(SOC)was projected to increase under warming scenarios at low-latitudes(<25°N),potentially an indicator of SOC storage accumulation in warmer areas.Meanwhile,at high-latitudes(>45°N)the changes in relative abundance of this eco-cluster is inversely related with the temperature variation trends,suggesting microbes-mediated soil organic carbon changes are more responsive to temperature variation in colder areas.These results have vital implications for the migration direction of microbial communities and its potential ecological consequences in future warming scenarios.展开更多
Due to the tremendous diversity of microbial organisms in topsoil,the estimation of saturated richness in a belowground ecosystem is still challenging.Here,we intensively surveyed the 16S rRNA gene in four 1 m2 sampli...Due to the tremendous diversity of microbial organisms in topsoil,the estimation of saturated richness in a belowground ecosystem is still challenging.Here,we intensively surveyed the 16S rRNA gene in four 1 m2 sampling quadrats in a typical grassland,with 141 biological or technical replicates generating over 11 million sequences per quadrat.Through these massive data sets and using both non-asymptotic extrapolation and non-parametric asymptotic approaches,results revealed that roughly 15919±193,27193±1076 and 56985±2347 prokaryotic species inhabited in 1 m2 topsoil,classifying by DADA2,UPARSE(97%cutoff)and Deblur,respectively,and suggested a huge difference among these clustering tools.Nearly 500000 sequences were required to catch 50%species in 1 m2,while any estimator based on 500000 sequences would still lose about a third of total richness.Insufficient sequencing depth will greatly underestimate both observed and estimated richness.At least~911000,~3461000,and~1878000 sequences were needed for DADA2,UPARSE,and Deblur,respectively,to catch 80%species in 1 m2 topsoil,and the numbers of sequences would be nearly twice to three times on this basis to cover 90%richness.In contrast,α-diversity indexes characterized by higher order of Hill numbers,including Shannon entropy and inverse Simpson index,reached saturation with fewer than 100000 sequences,suggesting sequencing depth could be varied greatly when focusing on exploring differentα-diversity characteristics of a microbial community.Our findings were fundamental for microbial studies that provided benchmarks for the extending surveys in large scales of terrestrial ecosystems.展开更多
Ecological water replenishment(EWR)is an important strategy for river restoration globally,but timely evaluation of its ecological effects at a large spatiotemporal scale to further adjust the EWR schemes is of great ...Ecological water replenishment(EWR)is an important strategy for river restoration globally,but timely evaluation of its ecological effects at a large spatiotemporal scale to further adjust the EWR schemes is of great challenge.Here,we examine the impact of EWR on microeukaryotic plankton communities in three distinct river ecosystems through environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding.The three ecosystems include a long-term cut-off river,a short-term connected river after EWR,and long-term connected rivers.We analyzed community stability by investigating species composition,stochastic and deterministic dynamics interplay,and ecological network robustness.We found that EWR markedly reduced the diversity and complexity of microeukaryotic plankton,altered their community dynamics,and lessened the variation within the community.Moreover,EWR disrupted the deterministic patterns of community organization,favoring dispersal constraints,and aligning with trends observed in naturally connected rivers.The shift from an isolated to a temporarily connected river appeared to transition community structuring mechanisms from deterministic to stochastic dominance,whereas,in permanently connected rivers,both forces concurrently influenced community assembly.The ecological network in temporarily connected rivers post-EWR demonstrated significantly greater stability and intricacy compared to other river systems.This shift markedly bolstered the resilience of the ecological network.The eDNA metabarcoding insights offer a novel understanding of ecosystem resilience under EWR interventions,which could be critical in assessing the effects of river restoration projects throughout their life cycle.展开更多
To the Editor:Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1(ASGR1)is the major subunit of ASGR,it is predominantly expressed by liver parenchymal cells and relatively lower expression was found in peripheral blood monocytes.[1]A gene...To the Editor:Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1(ASGR1)is the major subunit of ASGR,it is predominantly expressed by liver parenchymal cells and relatively lower expression was found in peripheral blood monocytes.[1]A genetic study recently revealed that ASGR1 haploinsufficiency resulted from loss-of-function(LOF)variants was strongly associated with the pronounced reductions in serum total cholesterol(TC)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels,[2,3]suggesting that ASGR1 may play a key role in cholesterol metabolism.However,the function of ASGR1 remains largely unclear.This study was focused on the association of ASGR1 gene expression in monocytes and plasma cholesterol level.展开更多
Degradation succession in forests is an important and serious land use/cover change problem in ecology,and during these processes soil microbial communities mediate the recycling of most important nutrients.To reveal ...Degradation succession in forests is an important and serious land use/cover change problem in ecology,and during these processes soil microbial communities mediate the recycling of most important nutrients.To reveal the effect of degradation succession processes on soil microbial community diversity,structure,and species interrelationships,we collected abundant samples(21 per vegetation type)in broad-leaved forest,coniferous forest,and meadow to observe the microbial community dynamics.The results showed that diversity and structure of soil prokaryotic and fungal communities responded differently to different forest degradation processes,diversity of soil microbial communities increased during degradation processes.Soil microbial communities abundance changes may indicate that prokaryotic communities showed a living strategies change as an ecological adaption to harsh conditions during forest degradation process.While for fungal communities,their abundance changes may indicate that environmental selection pressure and plant selectivity during forest degradation process.Changes in soil prokaryotic communities and fungal communities were both correlated with soil carbon and nitrogen loss.The soil microbial interaction network analysis indicated more complex species interrelationships formed due to the loss of soil nutrients during degradation succession processes,suggesting soil microbial communities might form more complex and stable networks to resist the external disturbance of soil nutrient loss.All results suggested soil microorganisms,including bacteria,archaea and fungi,all involved in the soil nutrient decline during the forest degradation process.展开更多
As a common environmental endocrine disruptor,phthalate exposure could affect the diabetes risk.However,it remains unclear whether phthalate exposure in the elderly population alters diabetes risk.We conducted a cross...As a common environmental endocrine disruptor,phthalate exposure could affect the diabetes risk.However,it remains unclear whether phthalate exposure in the elderly population alters diabetes risk.We conducted a cross-sectional survey to explore the effect of urinary phthalate metabolites on diabetes in the elderly.We conducted a health survey of 200 elderly in northeastern China and measured urinary concentrations of 64 phthalate metabolites.We next evaluated the association between major phthalates and phthalate mixtures and diabetes in the elderly.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression screened for mono(3-carboxypropyl)phthalate(MCPP),monoethyl phthalate(MEP),and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate(MEHHP)as important predictors for diabetes.Weighted quantile sum(WQS)regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine regression(BKMR)models consistently found MEHHP(Weights=51.9%,PIP=0.97)to have the greatest effect on diabetes risk in the elderly.Furthermore,MEHHP was associated with an increased risk of diabetes in the multipollutant logistic regression model(OR=2.148,95%CI:1.255 to 3.677).The overall effect of coexposure to MCPP,MEHHP,and MEP on the risk of diabetes in elderly population was significant and positive.In summary,we found that increased urinary MEHHP levels could increase the risk of diabetes in the elderly population.Co-exposure to MCPP,MEHHP and MEP may increase the risk of diabetes.展开更多
Soil microbial community's responses to climate warming alter the global carbon cycle.In temperate ecosystems,soil microbial communities function along seasonal cycles.However,little is known about how the respons...Soil microbial community's responses to climate warming alter the global carbon cycle.In temperate ecosystems,soil microbial communities function along seasonal cycles.However,little is known about how the responses of soil microbial communities to warming vary when the season changes.In this study,we investigated the seasonal dynamics of soil bacterial community under experimental warming in a temperate tall‐grass prairie ecosystem.Our results showed that warming significantly(p=0.001)shifted community structure,such that the differences of microbial communities between warming and control plots increased nonlinearly(R^(2)=0.578,p=0.021)from spring to winter.Also,warming significantly(p<0.050)increased microbial network complexity and robustness,especially during the colder seasons,despite large variations in network size and complexity in different seasons.In addition,the relative importance of stochastic processes in shaping the microbial community decreased by warming in fall and winter but not in spring and summer.Our study indicates that climate warming restructures the seasonal dynamics of soil microbial community in a temperate ecosystem.Such seasonality of microbial responses to warming may enlarge over time and could have significant impacts on the terrestrial carbon cycle.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51839011,42203079,and U2240208)the Carbon Peak/Neutralization Technology Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20220043)the Excellent Postdoctoral Project of Jiangsu Province,China(No.2022ZB452).
文摘Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)is a crucial process that provides bioavailable nitrogen and supports primary production in freshwater lake ecosystems.However,the characteristics of diazotrophic community and nitrogenase activity in freshwater lake sediments remain poorly understood.Here,we investigated the diazotrophic communities and nitrogenase activities in the sediments of three large river-connected freshwater lakes in eastern China using 15N-isotope tracing and nifH sequencing.The sediments in these lakes contained diverse nitrogenase genes that were phylogenetically grouped into Clusters I and III.The diazotrophic communities in the sedimentswere dominated by stochastic processes in Hongze Lake and Taihu Lake,which had heterogeneous habitats and shallower water depths,while in Poyang Lake,which had deeper water and a shorter hydraulic retention time,the assembly of the diazotrophic community in the sediments was dominated by homogeneous selection processes.Temperature and water depth were also found the key environmental factors affecting the sediment diazotrophic communities.Sediment nitrogenase activities varied in the three lakes and within distinct regions of an individual lake,ranging from 0 to 14.58 nmol/(kg·hr).Nitrogenase activity was significantly correlated with ferric iron,total phosphorus,and organic matter contents.Our results suggested that freshwater lake sediment contain high diversity of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms with potential metabolic diversity,and the community assembly patterns and nitrogenase activities varied with the lake habitat.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC0502204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41672331,U1906223,41807316)。
文摘Organic and inorganic materials migrate downstream and have important roles in regulating environmental health in the river networks.However,it remains unclear whether and how a mixture of materials(i.e.,microbial species)from various upstream habitats contribute to microbial community coalescence upstream of a dam.Here we track the spatial variation in microbial abundance and diversity in the Three Gorges Reservoir based on quantitative PCR and 16 S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing data.We further quantitatively assess the relative contributions of microbial species from mainstem,its tributaries,and the surrounding riverbank soils to the area immediately upstream of the Three Gorges Dam(TGD).We found an increase of microbial diversity and the convergent microbial distribution pattern in areas immediately upstream of TGD,suggesting this area become a new confluence for microbial diversity immigrating from upstream.Indeed,the number of shared species increased from upstream to TGD but unique species decreased,indicating immigration of various sources of microbial species overwhelms local environmental conditions in structuring microbial community close to TGD.By quantifying the sources of microbial species close to TGD,we found little contribution from soils as compared to tributaries,especially for sites closer to TGD,suggesting tributary microbes have greater influence on microbial diversity and environmental health in the Three Gorges Reservoir.Collectively,our results suggest that tracking microbial geographic origin and evaluating accumulating effects of microbial diversity shed light on the ecological processes in microbial communities and provide information for regulating aquatic ecological health.
基金National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(202010341031)Science and Technology Innovation Project for College Students of Zhejiang New Seedling Talent Program(2020R412020).
文摘[Objectives]To analyze the changes of export binary margins of Chinese bamboo rattan products,so as to clarify its export model,and further promote the healthy development growth of Chinese bamboo rattan products export.[Methods]Based on the export trade data of bamboo and rattan products from 2008 to 2018 in UN Comtrade database,the binary marginal decomposition method was employed to analyze the export growth pattern of bamboo and rattan products between China and 22 major trading partners.[Results]This paper shows that the export growth pattern of bamboo and rattan products between China and the target countries during the investigation period was dominated by extensive margin,supplemented by intensive margin,indicating that the export growth of Bamboo and rattan products is mainly driven by the increase of export types of bamboo and rattan products,and the potential of export intensive margin needs to be further explored.[Conclusions]It is necessary to continuously increase export type of bamboo rattan products,build an information platform for bamboo rattan trade,and strengthen the ability of dealing with trade barriers,and strengthening technology innovation of bamboo and rattan industry,so as to improve added value of bamboo and rattan products,and form an intensive model of export growth of bamboo rattan products.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92351303,92251304,U23A20153 and 92251307)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0503)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF1304501)the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(2017FY100300)。
文摘Bioclimatic zonation is critical for understanding how climate shapes biodiversity and biogeographic patterns.However,existing studies have primarily focused on macroorganisms,leaving microbial communities largely underexplored.This study seeks to address this gap through extensive sampling of bacterial communities from 931 sediment samples across 199 lakes in China.Based on the obtained data,we identified five distinct lacustrine microbial bioclimatic zones,each showing significant differences in multiple facets of bacterial diversity(i.e.,alpha,beta,and gamma diversity)and clear bioclimatic zone-dependent microbial biogeographic patterns.Notably,the alpha and beta diversity of the bacterial communities showed opposing patterns across bioclimatic zones.Dominant environmental variables—specifically mean annual temperature,elevation,lake hydrological variables,and sediment pH—exerted contrasting effects on the alpha and beta diversity and played critical roles in shaping microbial community distribution at different spatial scales.At continental scales,predominant geographic and climatic variables dictated the patterns of bioclimatic zonation of lacustrine microbial communities.At regional scales,hydrological variables influenced the dispersal capacity of lake microbes,whereas sediment physicochemical variables were the most important selection factors shaping local microbial communities.Furthermore,our findings indicated that bioclimatic boundaries substantially enhanced the contribution of variable selection on bacterial community assembly and led to marked changes in distance-decay relationships in community dissimilarities.Overall,this study established a continental bioclimatic framework for lacustrine microbial communities,clarifying how environmental variables control microbial distributions across spatial scales,providing new insights into microbial biogeography,and advancing our knowledge about biodiversity under future climate change scenarios.
基金supported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32001092,91851106,and 91951103).
文摘Anaerobic methanotrophic(ANME)microbes play a crucial role in the bioprocess of anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM).However,due to their unculturable status,their diversity is poorly understood.In this study,we established a microfluidics-based epicPCR(Emulsion,Paired Isolation,and Concatenation PCR)to fuse the 16S rRNA gene and mcrA gene to reveal thediversity of ANME microbes(mcrA gene hosts)in three sampling push-cores from the marine cold seep.A total of 372516Samplicon sequence variants(ASVs)of the mcrA gene hosts were detected,and classified into 78 genera across 23 phyla.Across all samples,the dominant phyla with high relative abundance(>10%)were the well-known Euryarchaeota,and somebacterial phyla such as Campylobacterota,Proteobacteria,and Chloroflexi;however,the specificity of these associations wasnot verified.In addition,the compositions of the mcrA gene hosts were significantly different in different layers,where thearchaeal hosts increased with the depths of sediments,indicating the carriers of AOM were divergent in depth.Furthermore,the consensus phylogenetic trees of the mcrA gene and the 16S rRNA gene showed congruence in archaea not in bacteria,suggesting the horizontal transfer of the mcrA gene may occur among host members.Finally,some bacterial metagenomeswere found to contain the mcrA gene as well as other genes that encode enzymes in the AOM pathway,which prospectivelypropose the existence of ANME bacteria.This study describes improvements for a potential method for studying the diversityof uncultured functional microbes and broadens our understanding of the diversity of ANMEs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1906223,32001092)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology(Grant No.kf2021003).
文摘Exploring methane-metabolizing microorganisms'distribution patterns and driving factors is significant for estimating the global methane budget,but our current knowledge is limited.In this study,we took a systematic soil and microbial survey along the coast of river channels in the Yellow River Delta,which included the most rapidly deposited sedimentation globally.The prokaryotes,fungi,and protists had more significant changes between two regions with distinct deposition ages than across soil depths,while the accumulation of soil organic matter was the most critical external driving force for the succession of microbial communities.The deposition ages of sedimentary soils also altered the methanogenic and methanotrophic communities,with methanogens showing a greater response to environmental gradient changes than methanotrophs.The distribution of methanogens was mainly influenced by the direct regulation of biological factors represented by fungi and indirectly regulated by environmental stresses along the sedimentation gradient.Our self-developed inter-domain ecological network platform has further investigated the inter-trophic relationships between methane-metabolizing microorganisms and other microbes.Methanogens and methanotrophs form the core species of a highly interconnected network,and there is a strong interdependence between them and fungi and protists,while other prokaryotic species are relatively independent,in addition,methanogens play a central role in species interactions as modular hubs,they tended to be associated with saprotrophic fungi in the older sedimentation region,while in the newer sedimentation region,they were more associated with bacterial groups.This study enhances our understanding of the microbial hierarchical web in coastal wetland ecosystems.
基金This work has been partially supported through contracts DE-SC0004601 and DE-AC02-05CH11231(as part of ENIGMA,a Scientific Focus Area)by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Biologic and Environmental Research,Genomics:GTL Foundational Science and Environmental Remediation Science Program(ERSP)Programs,and Oklahoma Applied Research Support(OARS),Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology(OCAST),the Oklahoma Bioenergy Center(OBC),and the State of Oklahoma through the Project AR062-034.
文摘Functional gene arrays(FGAs)are a special type of microarrays containing probes for key genes involved in microbial functional processes,such as biogeochemical cycling of carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,phosphorus,and metals,biodegradation of environmental contaminants,energy processing,and stress responses.GeoChips are considered as the most comprehensive FGAs.Experimentally established probe design criteria and a computational pipeline integrating sequence retrieval,probe design and verification,array construction,data analysis,and automatic update are used to develop the GeoChip technology.GeoChip has been systematically evaluated and demonstrated to be a powerful tool for rapid,specific,sensitive,and quantitative analysis of microbial communities in a high-throughput manner.Several generations of GeoChip have been developed and applied to investigate the functional diversity,composition,structure,function,and dynamics of a variety of microbial communities from different habitats,such as water,soil,marine,bioreactor,human microbiome,and extreme ecosystems.GeoChip is able to address fundamental questions related to global change,bioenergy,bioremediation,agricultural operation,land use,human health,environmental restoration,and ecological theories and to link the microbial community structure to environmental factors and ecosystem functioning.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61377002)Ming Li was supported in part by the‘‘Thousand Young Talent’’program
文摘In this paper,a serial time-encoded amplified microscopy(STEAM)by employing a multi-wavelength laser as the light source is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.This system achieves ultrafast optical imaging with a tunable frame rate.The measuring range depends on the spectrum width of the multi-wavelength laser.Through tuning the speed of the modulating signal,the frame rate ranges from 100to 250 MHz.In addition,the spatial resolution can be improved by increasing the group velocity dispersion and reducing the wavelength spacing.Finally,with the development of photonic integrate circuits(PIC),the multi-wavelength laser source has the potential for integration on a photonic chip and thus the size of the proposed STEAM could be reduced in the future.
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under 61377002,61321063,and 61090391.
文摘An optical length-change measurement technique is proposed based on an incoherent microwave photonic filter(MPF).The optical length under testing is inserted into an optical link of a single-bandpass MPF based on a polarization-processed incoherent light source.The key feature of the proposed technique is to transfer the length measurement in the optical domain to the electrical domain.In the electrical domain,the measurement resolution is extremely high thanks to the high-resolution measurement of microwave frequency response.In addition,since the MPF is a single-bandpass MPF,the optical length is uniquely determined by the central frequency of the MPF.A detailed investigation of the relation between the center frequency of the MPF and the optical length change is implemented.A measurement experiment is also demonstrated,and the experimental results show that the proposed technique has a measurement sensitivity of 1 GHz/mm with a high length-measurement resolution of 1 pm in theory.The proposed approach has the advantages of high sensitivity,high resolution,and immunity to power variation in electronic and optical links.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB15010300)the National Science Foundation of China(U1602234,41807316,41471218,41501282,and 31870467)+1 种基金the CAS 135 project(2017XTBG-F01)the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFC0500702)。
文摘Terrestrial species are predicted to migrate northward under global warming conditions,yet little is known about the direction and magnitude of change in microbial distribution patterns.In this continental-scale study with more than 1600 forest soil samples,we verify the existence of core microbiota and lump them into a manageable number of eco-clusters based on microbial habitat preferences.By projecting the abundance differences of eco-clusters between future and current climatic conditions,we observed the potential warming-driven migration of the core microbiota under warming,partially verified by a field warming experiment at Southwest China.Specifically,the species that favor low p H are potentially expanding and moving northward to medium-latitudes(25°–45°N),potentially implying that warm temperate forest would be under threat of soil acidification with warming.The eco-cluster of high-p H with high-annual mean temperature(AMT)experienced significant abundance increases at middle-(35°–45°N)to high-latitudes(>45°N),especially under Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)8.5,likely resulting in northward expansion.Furthermore,the eco-cluster that favors low-soil organic carbon(SOC)was projected to increase under warming scenarios at low-latitudes(<25°N),potentially an indicator of SOC storage accumulation in warmer areas.Meanwhile,at high-latitudes(>45°N)the changes in relative abundance of this eco-cluster is inversely related with the temperature variation trends,suggesting microbes-mediated soil organic carbon changes are more responsive to temperature variation in colder areas.These results have vital implications for the migration direction of microbial communities and its potential ecological consequences in future warming scenarios.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant No.U1906223)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2019YFC1905001)。
文摘Due to the tremendous diversity of microbial organisms in topsoil,the estimation of saturated richness in a belowground ecosystem is still challenging.Here,we intensively surveyed the 16S rRNA gene in four 1 m2 sampling quadrats in a typical grassland,with 141 biological or technical replicates generating over 11 million sequences per quadrat.Through these massive data sets and using both non-asymptotic extrapolation and non-parametric asymptotic approaches,results revealed that roughly 15919±193,27193±1076 and 56985±2347 prokaryotic species inhabited in 1 m2 topsoil,classifying by DADA2,UPARSE(97%cutoff)and Deblur,respectively,and suggested a huge difference among these clustering tools.Nearly 500000 sequences were required to catch 50%species in 1 m2,while any estimator based on 500000 sequences would still lose about a third of total richness.Insufficient sequencing depth will greatly underestimate both observed and estimated richness.At least~911000,~3461000,and~1878000 sequences were needed for DADA2,UPARSE,and Deblur,respectively,to catch 80%species in 1 m2 topsoil,and the numbers of sequences would be nearly twice to three times on this basis to cover 90%richness.In contrast,α-diversity indexes characterized by higher order of Hill numbers,including Shannon entropy and inverse Simpson index,reached saturation with fewer than 100000 sequences,suggesting sequencing depth could be varied greatly when focusing on exploring differentα-diversity characteristics of a microbial community.Our findings were fundamental for microbial studies that provided benchmarks for the extending surveys in large scales of terrestrial ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC3201005,2021YFC3201000,and 2022YFC2601301)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes of China(2022YSKY-41)+1 种基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(U1906223)The authors thank Yong Du in Yongding River Investment Co.Ltd for providing Fig.S2.Dr James Walter Voordeckers is acknowledged for assistance in English language modification.
文摘Ecological water replenishment(EWR)is an important strategy for river restoration globally,but timely evaluation of its ecological effects at a large spatiotemporal scale to further adjust the EWR schemes is of great challenge.Here,we examine the impact of EWR on microeukaryotic plankton communities in three distinct river ecosystems through environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding.The three ecosystems include a long-term cut-off river,a short-term connected river after EWR,and long-term connected rivers.We analyzed community stability by investigating species composition,stochastic and deterministic dynamics interplay,and ecological network robustness.We found that EWR markedly reduced the diversity and complexity of microeukaryotic plankton,altered their community dynamics,and lessened the variation within the community.Moreover,EWR disrupted the deterministic patterns of community organization,favoring dispersal constraints,and aligning with trends observed in naturally connected rivers.The shift from an isolated to a temporarily connected river appeared to transition community structuring mechanisms from deterministic to stochastic dominance,whereas,in permanently connected rivers,both forces concurrently influenced community assembly.The ecological network in temporarily connected rivers post-EWR demonstrated significantly greater stability and intricacy compared to other river systems.This shift markedly bolstered the resilience of the ecological network.The eDNA metabarcoding insights offer a novel understanding of ecosystem resilience under EWR interventions,which could be critical in assessing the effects of river restoration projects throughout their life cycle.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province in China(Nos.2017JJ3250 and 2019JJ40230)the Science and Technology Plan Project of the Health commission of Hunan Province in China(Nos.B2019034 and B2019035).
文摘To the Editor:Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1(ASGR1)is the major subunit of ASGR,it is predominantly expressed by liver parenchymal cells and relatively lower expression was found in peripheral blood monocytes.[1]A genetic study recently revealed that ASGR1 haploinsufficiency resulted from loss-of-function(LOF)variants was strongly associated with the pronounced reductions in serum total cholesterol(TC)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels,[2,3]suggesting that ASGR1 may play a key role in cholesterol metabolism.However,the function of ASGR1 remains largely unclear.This study was focused on the association of ASGR1 gene expression in monocytes and plasma cholesterol level.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31540071)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(QYZDB-SSW-DQC026)+2 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB15010302)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFZD-SW-219-3)CAS 100 talent program.
文摘Degradation succession in forests is an important and serious land use/cover change problem in ecology,and during these processes soil microbial communities mediate the recycling of most important nutrients.To reveal the effect of degradation succession processes on soil microbial community diversity,structure,and species interrelationships,we collected abundant samples(21 per vegetation type)in broad-leaved forest,coniferous forest,and meadow to observe the microbial community dynamics.The results showed that diversity and structure of soil prokaryotic and fungal communities responded differently to different forest degradation processes,diversity of soil microbial communities increased during degradation processes.Soil microbial communities abundance changes may indicate that prokaryotic communities showed a living strategies change as an ecological adaption to harsh conditions during forest degradation process.While for fungal communities,their abundance changes may indicate that environmental selection pressure and plant selectivity during forest degradation process.Changes in soil prokaryotic communities and fungal communities were both correlated with soil carbon and nitrogen loss.The soil microbial interaction network analysis indicated more complex species interrelationships formed due to the loss of soil nutrients during degradation succession processes,suggesting soil microbial communities might form more complex and stable networks to resist the external disturbance of soil nutrient loss.All results suggested soil microorganisms,including bacteria,archaea and fungi,all involved in the soil nutrient decline during the forest degradation process.
基金supported by Liaoning Minsheng Science and Technology Project(No.2021020348-JH2/103)Liaoning Baiqianwan Talents Program.
文摘As a common environmental endocrine disruptor,phthalate exposure could affect the diabetes risk.However,it remains unclear whether phthalate exposure in the elderly population alters diabetes risk.We conducted a cross-sectional survey to explore the effect of urinary phthalate metabolites on diabetes in the elderly.We conducted a health survey of 200 elderly in northeastern China and measured urinary concentrations of 64 phthalate metabolites.We next evaluated the association between major phthalates and phthalate mixtures and diabetes in the elderly.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression screened for mono(3-carboxypropyl)phthalate(MCPP),monoethyl phthalate(MEP),and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate(MEHHP)as important predictors for diabetes.Weighted quantile sum(WQS)regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine regression(BKMR)models consistently found MEHHP(Weights=51.9%,PIP=0.97)to have the greatest effect on diabetes risk in the elderly.Furthermore,MEHHP was associated with an increased risk of diabetes in the multipollutant logistic regression model(OR=2.148,95%CI:1.255 to 3.677).The overall effect of coexposure to MCPP,MEHHP,and MEP on the risk of diabetes in elderly population was significant and positive.In summary,we found that increased urinary MEHHP levels could increase the risk of diabetes in the elderly population.Co-exposure to MCPP,MEHHP and MEP may increase the risk of diabetes.
文摘Soil microbial community's responses to climate warming alter the global carbon cycle.In temperate ecosystems,soil microbial communities function along seasonal cycles.However,little is known about how the responses of soil microbial communities to warming vary when the season changes.In this study,we investigated the seasonal dynamics of soil bacterial community under experimental warming in a temperate tall‐grass prairie ecosystem.Our results showed that warming significantly(p=0.001)shifted community structure,such that the differences of microbial communities between warming and control plots increased nonlinearly(R^(2)=0.578,p=0.021)from spring to winter.Also,warming significantly(p<0.050)increased microbial network complexity and robustness,especially during the colder seasons,despite large variations in network size and complexity in different seasons.In addition,the relative importance of stochastic processes in shaping the microbial community decreased by warming in fall and winter but not in spring and summer.Our study indicates that climate warming restructures the seasonal dynamics of soil microbial community in a temperate ecosystem.Such seasonality of microbial responses to warming may enlarge over time and could have significant impacts on the terrestrial carbon cycle.
