Understanding the influence of HCl on the NH_(3)-selective catalytic reduction reaction mechanism is crucial for designing highly efficient denitrification catalysts.The formation of chlorate species on the surface of...Understanding the influence of HCl on the NH_(3)-selective catalytic reduction reaction mechanism is crucial for designing highly efficient denitrification catalysts.The formation of chlorate species on the surface of the synthesized SbCeO_(x)catalyst,induced by HCl,significantly enhances low-temperature activity,as evidenced by a 30%increase in NO conversion at 155℃.Furthermore,it improves N_(2)selectivity at high temperatures,with a notable 17%increase observed at 405℃.Both experimental results and density functional theory calculations confirm that chlorate species form at Ce sites.This formation facilitates the creation of oxygen vacancies,boosting the oxygen exchange capacity.It also increases NH_(3)adsorption at the Ce sites,promotes the formation of Sb-OH,and reduces competitive OH adsorption on these sites.Notably,compared with the reaction mechanism without HCl,the presence of chlorate species enhances NH_(3)adsorption and activation,which is vital for subsequent catalytic reactions.展开更多
To enhance methane production efficiency in lignite anaerobic digestion and explore new ways for residual sludge utilization, this study employed the co-fermentation of lignite and residual sludge for biomethane conve...To enhance methane production efficiency in lignite anaerobic digestion and explore new ways for residual sludge utilization, this study employed the co-fermentation of lignite and residual sludge for biomethane conversion. The bacterial colony structure, metabolic pathways, and interactions between residual sludge and lignite in anaerobic methanogenic fermentation with different mass ratios were analyzed using macrogenomics sequencing. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms involved in the co-anaerobic fermentation of lignite and residual sludge. The results indicated that the addition of sludge enhanced the metabolic pathways in hydrolysis acidification, hydrogen-acetic acid production, and methanation phases. Notably, the enhancement of acetate- and carbon dioxide-nutrient metabolic pathways was more pronounced, with increased activity observed in related enzymes such as acetic acid kinase (k00925) and acetyl coenzyme synthetase (K01895). This increased enzymatic activity facilitated the microbial conversion of biomethane. The results of the study indicated that the sludge exhibited a promotional effect on the methane produced through the anaerobic fermentation of lignite, providing valuable insights for lignite and residual sludge resource utilization.展开更多
Background Boars fed a mixed form of inorganic and organic iron in excess of the NRC recommended levels still develop anemia,which suggested that the current level and form of iron supplementation in boar diets may be...Background Boars fed a mixed form of inorganic and organic iron in excess of the NRC recommended levels still develop anemia,which suggested that the current level and form of iron supplementation in boar diets may be inappropriate.Therefore,56 healthy Topeka E line boars aged 15–21 months were randomly divided into 5 groups:basal diet supplemented with 96 mg/kg ferrous sulfate(FeSO_(4))and 54 mg/kg glycine chelated iron(Gly-Fe,control);80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe;80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg methionine hydroxyl analogue chelated iron(MHA-Fe,from CalimetFe)for 16 weeks.The effects of dietary iron supplementation with different sources and levels on semen quality in boars were investigated.Results 1)Serum Fe and hemoglobin concentrations were not affected by reduced dietary iron levels in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe and MHA-Fe groups compared with the control group(P>0.05).2)Serum interleukin-6(IL-6)and sperm malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe groups were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),and higher serum superoxide dismutase levels and lower MDA levels in the 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe group(P<0.05).3)Boars in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe and MHA-Fe groups had lower serum hepcidin(P<0.01),ferritin(P<0.05),and transferrin receptor(P<0.01)concentrations,and boars in the 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe group had higher seminal plasma Fe concentrations compared with the control group.4)Boars in the 80 mg/kg and 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe groups had lower abnormal sperm rate and in situ oscillating sperm ratio compared to the control group at weeks 12 and/or 16 of the trial.However,the effect of Gly-Fe on improving semen quality in boars was not evident.5)Serum IL-6 level was positively correlated with hepcidin concentration(P<0.05),which in turn was significantly positively correlated with abnormal sperm rate(P<0.05).Furthermore,significant correlations were also found between indicators of iron status and oxidative stress and semen quality parameters.Conclusions Dietary supplementation with 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe did not induce iron deficiency,but rather reduced serum inflammatory levels and hepcidin concentration,alleviated oxidative stress,increased body iron utilization,and improved semen quality in adult boars.展开更多
Objective:Accurate prognosis prediction is critical for individualized-therapy making of gastric cancer patients.We aimed to develop and test 6-month,1-,2-,3-,5-,and 10-year overall survival(OS)and cancer-specific sur...Objective:Accurate prognosis prediction is critical for individualized-therapy making of gastric cancer patients.We aimed to develop and test 6-month,1-,2-,3-,5-,and 10-year overall survival(OS)and cancer-specific survival(CSS)prediction models for gastric cancer patients following gastrectomy.Methods:We derived and tested Survival Quilts,a machine learning-based model,to develop 6-month,1-,2-,3-,5-,and 10-year OS and CSS prediction models.Gastrectomy patients in the development set(n=20,583)and the internal validation set(n=5,106)were recruited from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Re-sults(SEER)database,while those in the external validation set(n=6,352)were recruited from the China National Cancer Center Gastric Cancer(NCCGC)database.Furthermore,we selected gastrectomy patients with-out neoadjuvant therapy as a subgroup to train and test the prognostic models in order to keep the accuracy of tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)stage.Prognostic performances of these OS and CSS models were assessed using the Concordance Index(C-index)and area under the curve(AUC)values.Results:The machine learning model had a consistently high accuracy in predicting 6-month,1-,2-,3-,5-,and 10-year OS in the SEER development set(C-index=0.861,0.832,0.789,0.766,0.740,and 0.709;AUC=0.784,0.828,0.840,0.849,0.869,and 0.902,respectively),SEER validation set(C-index=0.782,0.739,0.712,0.698,0.681,and 0.660;AUC=0.751,0.772,0.767,0.762,0.766,and 0.787,respectively),and NCCGC set(C-index=0.691,0.756,0.751,0.737,0.722,and 0.701;AUC=0.769,0.788,0.790,0.790,0.787,and 0.788,respectively).The model was able to predict 6-month,1-,2-,3-,5-,and 10-year CSS in the SEER development set(C-index=0.879,0.858,0.820,0.802,0.784,and 0.774;AUC=0.756,0.827,0.852,0.863,0.874,and 0.884,respectively)and SEER validation set(C-index=0.790,0.763,0.741,0.729,0.718,and 0.708;AUC=0.706,0.758,0.767,0.766,0.766,and 0.764,respectively).In multivariate analysis,the high-risk group with risk score output by 5-year OS model was proved to be a strong survival predictor both in the SEER development set(hazard ratio[HR]=14.59,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.872-2.774,P<0.001),SEER validation set(HR=2.28,95%CI:13.089-16.293,P<0.001),and NCCGC set(HR=1.98,95%CI:1.617-2.437,P<0.001).We further explored the prognostic value of risk score resulted 5-year CSS model of gastrectomy patients,and found that high-risk group remained as an independent CSS factor in the SEER development set(HR=12.81,95%CI:11.568-14.194,P<0.001)and SEER validation set(HR=1.61,95%CI:1.338-1.935,P<0.001).Conclusion:Survival Quilts could allow accurate prediction of 6-month,1-,2-,3-,5-,and 10-year OS and CSS in gastric cancer patients following gastrectomy.展开更多
To study the weakly expansive clay obtained from a slope along Wuhan—Shiyan expressway in Hubei Province,soil-water property tests and some unsaturated triaxial tests with suction control were conducted,and the soil-...To study the weakly expansive clay obtained from a slope along Wuhan—Shiyan expressway in Hubei Province,soil-water property tests and some unsaturated triaxial tests with suction control were conducted,and the soil-water retention curve（SWRC） and unsaturated shear strength of this soil were obtained.Results show that the air-entry suction and the residual degree of saturation of the tested soil are 106 kPa and 8%,respectively.The boundary effect zone and the transition zone can be identified on the desorption curve,but the residual zone is not so obvious.The unsaturated shear strength increases as suction increases within the range of controlled suction in the test,and friction angle,b,in the triaxial shear test is 17.6°.Based on the results,constitutive models for predicting the unsaturated shear strength using the SWRC were evaluated,and comparisons between prediction and measurement were made.It is concluded that for engineering purpose,the constitutive model should be carefully selected based on soil properties when predicting the unsaturated shear strength using the SWRC.展开更多
The development of high-performance microwave absorption materials with strong absorption capacity and broad bandwidth is highly desirable in the field of electromagnetic pollution protection.Herein,ultralight polyimi...The development of high-performance microwave absorption materials with strong absorption capacity and broad bandwidth is highly desirable in the field of electromagnetic pollution protection.Herein,ultralight polyimide-based graphene foam with ordered lamellar structure is precisely designed and controllably constructed by bidirectional freezing process.More lamellar interfaces formed inside the foam per unit volume effectively facilitate the layer-by-layer dissipation for the vertical incident electromagnetic waves,thereby endowing the foam with efficient broadband electromagnetic absorption performance.More importantly,electromagnetic absorption performance can be controllably adjusted by optimizing impedance distribution and microstructure of skeletons.As a result,the optimized foam with an ultralow density of 9.10 mg/cm^(3)presents a minimum reflection loss value of-61.29 dB at 9.25 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.51 GHz(7.06-12.57 GHz,covering the whole X band) when the thickness is 4.75 mm.展开更多
Dear Editor,The family Totiviridae contains non-enveloped,doublestranded RNA viruses with genomes of approximately 4.6–7 kbp in length.These totiviruses are classified into five genera:Totivirus,Victorivirus,Trichomo...Dear Editor,The family Totiviridae contains non-enveloped,doublestranded RNA viruses with genomes of approximately 4.6–7 kbp in length.These totiviruses are classified into five genera:Totivirus,Victorivirus,Trichomonasvirus,Giardiavirus,and Leishmaniavirus(Nibert 2007).They are associated with latent infections of fungal or protozoan hosts(Li et al.2020).Recently,a few totiviruses have been identified and shown to have unexpected host distributions,including insects,plants.展开更多
Adverse birth outcomes are a leading cause of mortality in children in China, but the environmental influences of these conditions remain largely unexplained in this population. We aimed to evaluate the levels of poly...Adverse birth outcomes are a leading cause of mortality in children in China, but the environmental influences of these conditions remain largely unexplained in this population. We aimed to evaluate the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Chinese pregnant women and their newborns, and to examine the association between levels of PAHs and infant birth weight. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 81 pairs of mothers and newborns from four hospitals in four different cities in China. High Performance Liquid Chromatography was used to measure the concentration of nine PAHs in maternal and cord blood and multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of these PAHs with infant birth weight. Anthracene (ANT) had the highest average concentration and detection rate (geometric mean = 69.54 ng/g and 76.5%, respectively) in maternal serum samples, while fluoranthene (FLT) had the highest concentration and detection rate (geometric mean = 68.4 ng/g and 50.6%, respectively) in the cord blood. Most of the measured PAHs in maternal serum and three PAHs in cord blood were inversely but non-significantly associated with birth weight. The strongest associations were observed for higher concentrations of benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) in maternal serum (230.7 g decrease for levels > median vs. < LOD;p = 0.151) and for ANT in cord blood (153.1 g decrease for levels < median vs. < LOD;p = 0.208). Ant and FLT were the predominant PAHs in the maternal and cord blood serum. Serum concentrations of several measured PAHs were associated with a decreased birth weight, although not significantly, suggesting that further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate our findings.展开更多
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide.While smoking,radon,air pollution,as well as occupational exposure to asbestos,diesel fumes,arsenic,beryllium,cadmium,chromium,nicke...Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide.While smoking,radon,air pollution,as well as occupational exposure to asbestos,diesel fumes,arsenic,beryllium,cadmium,chromium,nickel,and silica are well-established risk factors,many lung cancer cases cannot be explained by these known risk factors.Over the last two decades the incidence of adenocarcinoma has risen,and it now surpasses squamous cell carcinoma as the most common histologic subtype.This increase warrants new efforts to identify additional risk factors for specific lung cancer subtypes as well as a comprehensive review of current evidence from epidemiologic studies to inform future studies.Given the myriad exposures individuals experience in real-world settings,it is essential to investigate mixture effects from complex exposures and gene-environment interactions in relation to lung cancer and its subtypes.展开更多
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL)contributes to significant cancer burden and mortality globally.In recent years,much insight into the causes of NHL has been gained by evaluating global differences through international colla...Non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL)contributes to significant cancer burden and mortality globally.In recent years,much insight into the causes of NHL has been gained by evaluating global differences through international collaboration and data pooling.NHL comprises different subtypes that are known to behave differently,exhibit different prognoses,and start in distinct cell types(B-cell,T-cell,and NK-cell,predominantly),and there is in-creasing evidence that NHL subtypes have different etiologies.Classification of NHL can be complex,with varying subtype frequencies,and is a consideration when evaluating geographic differences.Because of this,international pooling of well-executed epidemiologic studies has conferred power to evaluate NHL by subtype and confidence with minimal misclassification.Given the decreasing burden in some regions while cases rise in Asia,and espe-cially China,this report focuses on a review of the established etiology of NHL from the epidemiologic literature in recent decades,highlighting work from China.Topics covered include demographic patterns and genetic de-terminants including family history of NHL,as well as infection and immunosuppression,lifestyle,environment,and certain occupational exposures contributing to increased disease risk.展开更多
Zika virus(ZIKV)can infect a wide range of tissues including the developmental brain of human fetus.Whether specific viral genetic variants are linked to neuropathology is incompletely understood.To address this,we ha...Zika virus(ZIKV)can infect a wide range of tissues including the developmental brain of human fetus.Whether specific viral genetic variants are linked to neuropathology is incompletely understood.To address this,we have intracranially serially passaged a clinical ZIKV isolate(SW01)in neonatal mice and discovered variants that exhibit markedly increased virulence and neurotropism.Deep sequencing analysis combining with molecular virology studies revealed that a single 67D(Aspartic acid)to N(Asparagine)substitution on E protein is sufficient to confer the increased virulence and neurotropism in vivo.Notably,virus clones with D67N mutation had higher viral production and caused more severe cytopathic effect(CPE)in human neural astrocytes U251 cells in vitro,indicating its potential neurological toxicity to human brain.These findings revealed that a single mutation D67N on ZIKV envelope may lead to severe neuro lesion that may help to explain the neurovirulence of ZIKV and suggest monitoring the occurrence of this mutation during nature infection may be important.展开更多
Objective:To compare mini-probe endoscopic ultrasonography(MCUS)with computed tomography(CT)in pre-operative T and N staging of esophageal cancer,and to find out the MCUS parameters to judge lymph nodes metastasis for...Objective:To compare mini-probe endoscopic ultrasonography(MCUS)with computed tomography(CT)in pre-operative T and N staging of esophageal cancer,and to find out the MCUS parameters to judge lymph nodes metastasis for esophageal cancer.Methods:Thirty-five patients received both MCUS and CT preoperatively,on both of which the T and N stages were determined.The accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive predicting value and negative predicting value were compared with the postoperative pathological results.Results:The accuracy of MCUS was 85.7% in T staging and 85.7% and 80.0% in N staging by two different methods,which were 45.7% and 74.3%,respectively,by CT.Conclusion:MCUS is better than CT in preoperative staging for esophageal cancer.The ratio of short to long axis(S/L)combined with short axis is a useful way to determine lymph nodes metastasis.展开更多
Lottery has already been broadly used by countries to raise funds to construct the public organizations,but its function is decided by the rate of participation and expenditure levels.Using the lottery investigation d...Lottery has already been broadly used by countries to raise funds to construct the public organizations,but its function is decided by the rate of participation and expenditure levels.Using the lottery investigation data from Hainan Province,this paper analyzes the factors affecting the rate of participation and expenditure in Hainan Province by applying Probit and Tobit Model.It shows that factors such as gender,marriage,education level,attitude and the social environment have distinct influence on the individual lottery participation and expenditure decisions.Therefore,lottery is a restricted rational behavior affected by psychological and social environment variables.Publicity may play an important role in our country's lottery policy.Moreover,lottery policy in China should implement a development strategy which requires adjustment in product pattem and promotion approach.展开更多
Objective:To synthesize the knowledge about the association of total physical activity(TPA),leisure-time phys-ical activity(LTPA),occupational physical activity(OPA)and lung cancer risk and explore the dose-response r...Objective:To synthesize the knowledge about the association of total physical activity(TPA),leisure-time phys-ical activity(LTPA),occupational physical activity(OPA)and lung cancer risk and explore the dose-response relationship between LTPA level and lung cancer.Methods:PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to 17 November 2021.The summary relative risks(RRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were calculated by random-effects or fixed-effects model.The dose-response analysis was conducted with restricted cubic splines.Results:We identified 25 articles(42 cohort studies)that assessed the physical activity-lung cancer association,including 9,983,295 study participants and 85,988 incident cases of lung cancer.When comparing the highest to the lowest level of TPA and LTPA,lung cancer risk reduced 22%(RR,0.78;95%CI:0.70,0.86)and 12%(RR,0.88;95%CI:0.83,0.93),respectively.We found an approximately U-shaped association between LTPA and lung cancer(P non-linearity<0.001),with the lowest risk at 15 metabolic equivalent of task hours per week(h/wk)of LTPA.Compared to participants with sitting occupations,lung cancer risk significantly increased among those being unemployed(RR,1.33;95%CI:1.17,1.51)or with standing occupations(RR,1.37;95%CI:1.15,1.63),but not among those with light or high OPA.Conclusions:Our meta-analysis supported a protective effect of TPA and LTPA,but not OPA,on lung cancer risk.The novel finding of a U-shaped association between LTPA and lung cancer risk warrants further investigation.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to provide a detailed analysis of the temporal trends of cancer incidence rates for individuals aged 0-19 years in selected regions globally from 1978 to 2012.Methods:Data were obtained fro...Background:This study aimed to provide a detailed analysis of the temporal trends of cancer incidence rates for individuals aged 0-19 years in selected regions globally from 1978 to 2012.Methods:Data were obtained from Volumes V-XI of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents(CI5),published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.A total of 53 registries in 23 regions from the Americas,Asia,Europe,and Oceania that contained information on cancer incidence throughout 1978-2012(35 years)were included in this study.Joinpoint regression was used for the analysis of trends.Results:Most regions showed increasing trends in overall childhood cancer among children(aged 0-14 years)and adolescents(aged 15-19 years).Nearly all regions showed rising trends in childhood and adolescent leukemia incidence rates,whereas the incidence of lymphoma among children generally decreased.Only France,Australia,and New Zealand showed decreasing trends for malignant central nervous system(CNS)tumors among adoles-cents.Kidney cancer and bone cancer incidence rates remained stable for most regions.The incidence of thyroid cancer among adolescents increased in most regions and that of testicular cancer decreased in approximately one-half of the regions studied.Conclusion:The international temporal trends of cancer incidents among children and adolescents are varied by region,cancer type,age group,and gender,and have changed over time.展开更多
Recent large-scale multi-omics studies have characterized the heterogeneity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC),but inconsistent clinical management has hindered the identification of prognostic markers and pa...Recent large-scale multi-omics studies have characterized the heterogeneity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC),but inconsistent clinical management has hindered the identification of prognostic markers and patient stratification.Here,we conducted genomic and transcriptomic profiling of 203 patients from the ECTOP-2002 study with full clinical information.Mutation in the mucin family,as well as APOBEC signature,were associated with poor prognosis.In contrast,activation of the epithelial-keratinization(EpK)pathway was strongly linked to favorable prognosis and lower post-chemotherapy recurrence rates.Independent validation supported S100A8+S100A9 complex as a key marker of EpK pathway.Furthermore,we established a prognostic stratification system,FU-ESCC subtyping,which defines three subtypes with distinct molecular and clinical features.The EpK-activated subtype retained characteristics of healthy squamous epithelial cells,showed high expression of the S100A8+S100A9 complex,and was associated with favorable prognosis.展开更多
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of manganese methionine hydroxyl analog chelated(Mn-MHAC)as a manganese(Mn)source on growth performance and trace element deposition in broilers.A total of 432 Arbor Acr...The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of manganese methionine hydroxyl analog chelated(Mn-MHAC)as a manganese(Mn)source on growth performance and trace element deposition in broilers.A total of 432 Arbor Acres commercial female broilers were fed a basal corn-soybean diet containing Mn at 25.64 mg/kg diet for 10 d.They were then randomly assigned to 6 groups,including a control group(the basal diet),a Mn sulfate group(the basal diet supplemented with Mn at 100 mg/kg diet),and 4 Mn-MHAC groups(the basal diet supplemented with Mn-MHAC at 25,50,75 and 100 mg Mn/kg diet,respectively).The results showed that compared with the control group,groups supplemented with Mn-MHAC had a positive effect on BW(quadratic,P=0.017)and ADG(quadratic,P=0.017).Moreover,the Mn-MHAC(50 mg Mn/kg diet)group had significantly greater BW and ADG(P<0.05)compared with the other Mn-MHAC groups.Trace element deposition results also showed that tibial Mn increased(linear or quadratic,P-0.002 and 0.009,respectively)in groups fed diets with increased levels of Mn-MHAC.In contrast,Fe deposition decreased both in the heart(linear,P-0.020)and tibia(P<0.05).In addition,the Mn-MHAC supplement noticeably lowered serum Mn-SOD activity(linear or quadratic,P-0.048 and 0.019,respectively).The relative mRNA levels of divalent metal transporter 1(DMT1)(P=0.024),ferro-portin 1(FPN1)(P=0.049),and Cu transporter-1(CTR1)(P<0.001)in the duodenum,as well as CTR1 in the jejunum and ileum(P=0.040 and 0.011,respectively)were higher in the Mn-supplemented group than in the control group.Furthermore,the relative mRNA level of DMT1 in the jejunum and ileum of broilers in the Mn-MHAC group(50 mg Mn/kg diet)did not differ from those in the control group,but was lower than those in the Mn sulfate group(P<0.05).In conclusion,Mn-MHAC dietary supplementation improved the growth performance and trace element deposition in broilers.From this study,we recommend the opti-mum Mn-MHAC level to meet the Mn requirement of broilers is 50 to 75 mg Mn/kg diet.展开更多
文摘Understanding the influence of HCl on the NH_(3)-selective catalytic reduction reaction mechanism is crucial for designing highly efficient denitrification catalysts.The formation of chlorate species on the surface of the synthesized SbCeO_(x)catalyst,induced by HCl,significantly enhances low-temperature activity,as evidenced by a 30%increase in NO conversion at 155℃.Furthermore,it improves N_(2)selectivity at high temperatures,with a notable 17%increase observed at 405℃.Both experimental results and density functional theory calculations confirm that chlorate species form at Ce sites.This formation facilitates the creation of oxygen vacancies,boosting the oxygen exchange capacity.It also increases NH_(3)adsorption at the Ce sites,promotes the formation of Sb-OH,and reduces competitive OH adsorption on these sites.Notably,compared with the reaction mechanism without HCl,the presence of chlorate species enhances NH_(3)adsorption and activation,which is vital for subsequent catalytic reactions.
文摘To enhance methane production efficiency in lignite anaerobic digestion and explore new ways for residual sludge utilization, this study employed the co-fermentation of lignite and residual sludge for biomethane conversion. The bacterial colony structure, metabolic pathways, and interactions between residual sludge and lignite in anaerobic methanogenic fermentation with different mass ratios were analyzed using macrogenomics sequencing. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms involved in the co-anaerobic fermentation of lignite and residual sludge. The results indicated that the addition of sludge enhanced the metabolic pathways in hydrolysis acidification, hydrogen-acetic acid production, and methanation phases. Notably, the enhancement of acetate- and carbon dioxide-nutrient metabolic pathways was more pronounced, with increased activity observed in related enzymes such as acetic acid kinase (k00925) and acetyl coenzyme synthetase (K01895). This increased enzymatic activity facilitated the microbial conversion of biomethane. The results of the study indicated that the sludge exhibited a promotional effect on the methane produced through the anaerobic fermentation of lignite, providing valuable insights for lignite and residual sludge resource utilization.
基金China Agriculture Research System(CARS-36)Major Project of Technical Innovation in Hubei Province(No.2022BBA0056)+1 种基金Dekon-Huazhong Agricultural University Project Co-operation AgreementSchool-Enterprise Cooperation Project-Micronutrient Nutrition and Mechanism of Breeding Pigs。
文摘Background Boars fed a mixed form of inorganic and organic iron in excess of the NRC recommended levels still develop anemia,which suggested that the current level and form of iron supplementation in boar diets may be inappropriate.Therefore,56 healthy Topeka E line boars aged 15–21 months were randomly divided into 5 groups:basal diet supplemented with 96 mg/kg ferrous sulfate(FeSO_(4))and 54 mg/kg glycine chelated iron(Gly-Fe,control);80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe;80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg methionine hydroxyl analogue chelated iron(MHA-Fe,from CalimetFe)for 16 weeks.The effects of dietary iron supplementation with different sources and levels on semen quality in boars were investigated.Results 1)Serum Fe and hemoglobin concentrations were not affected by reduced dietary iron levels in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe and MHA-Fe groups compared with the control group(P>0.05).2)Serum interleukin-6(IL-6)and sperm malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe groups were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),and higher serum superoxide dismutase levels and lower MDA levels in the 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe group(P<0.05).3)Boars in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe and MHA-Fe groups had lower serum hepcidin(P<0.01),ferritin(P<0.05),and transferrin receptor(P<0.01)concentrations,and boars in the 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe group had higher seminal plasma Fe concentrations compared with the control group.4)Boars in the 80 mg/kg and 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe groups had lower abnormal sperm rate and in situ oscillating sperm ratio compared to the control group at weeks 12 and/or 16 of the trial.However,the effect of Gly-Fe on improving semen quality in boars was not evident.5)Serum IL-6 level was positively correlated with hepcidin concentration(P<0.05),which in turn was significantly positively correlated with abnormal sperm rate(P<0.05).Furthermore,significant correlations were also found between indicators of iron status and oxidative stress and semen quality parameters.Conclusions Dietary supplementation with 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe did not induce iron deficiency,but rather reduced serum inflammatory levels and hepcidin concentration,alleviated oxidative stress,increased body iron utilization,and improved semen quality in adult boars.
基金supported by grant from the National Key R&D Program of China(grant number:2017YFC0908300)the Fun-damental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant number:3332023136).
文摘Objective:Accurate prognosis prediction is critical for individualized-therapy making of gastric cancer patients.We aimed to develop and test 6-month,1-,2-,3-,5-,and 10-year overall survival(OS)and cancer-specific survival(CSS)prediction models for gastric cancer patients following gastrectomy.Methods:We derived and tested Survival Quilts,a machine learning-based model,to develop 6-month,1-,2-,3-,5-,and 10-year OS and CSS prediction models.Gastrectomy patients in the development set(n=20,583)and the internal validation set(n=5,106)were recruited from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Re-sults(SEER)database,while those in the external validation set(n=6,352)were recruited from the China National Cancer Center Gastric Cancer(NCCGC)database.Furthermore,we selected gastrectomy patients with-out neoadjuvant therapy as a subgroup to train and test the prognostic models in order to keep the accuracy of tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)stage.Prognostic performances of these OS and CSS models were assessed using the Concordance Index(C-index)and area under the curve(AUC)values.Results:The machine learning model had a consistently high accuracy in predicting 6-month,1-,2-,3-,5-,and 10-year OS in the SEER development set(C-index=0.861,0.832,0.789,0.766,0.740,and 0.709;AUC=0.784,0.828,0.840,0.849,0.869,and 0.902,respectively),SEER validation set(C-index=0.782,0.739,0.712,0.698,0.681,and 0.660;AUC=0.751,0.772,0.767,0.762,0.766,and 0.787,respectively),and NCCGC set(C-index=0.691,0.756,0.751,0.737,0.722,and 0.701;AUC=0.769,0.788,0.790,0.790,0.787,and 0.788,respectively).The model was able to predict 6-month,1-,2-,3-,5-,and 10-year CSS in the SEER development set(C-index=0.879,0.858,0.820,0.802,0.784,and 0.774;AUC=0.756,0.827,0.852,0.863,0.874,and 0.884,respectively)and SEER validation set(C-index=0.790,0.763,0.741,0.729,0.718,and 0.708;AUC=0.706,0.758,0.767,0.766,0.766,and 0.764,respectively).In multivariate analysis,the high-risk group with risk score output by 5-year OS model was proved to be a strong survival predictor both in the SEER development set(hazard ratio[HR]=14.59,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.872-2.774,P<0.001),SEER validation set(HR=2.28,95%CI:13.089-16.293,P<0.001),and NCCGC set(HR=1.98,95%CI:1.617-2.437,P<0.001).We further explored the prognostic value of risk score resulted 5-year CSS model of gastrectomy patients,and found that high-risk group remained as an independent CSS factor in the SEER development set(HR=12.81,95%CI:11.568-14.194,P<0.001)and SEER validation set(HR=1.61,95%CI:1.338-1.935,P<0.001).Conclusion:Survival Quilts could allow accurate prediction of 6-month,1-,2-,3-,5-,and 10-year OS and CSS in gastric cancer patients following gastrectomy.
基金Supported by the China National Key Technology R&D Program(2006BAJ27B02-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40772180,40728003)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(B308)
文摘To study the weakly expansive clay obtained from a slope along Wuhan—Shiyan expressway in Hubei Province,soil-water property tests and some unsaturated triaxial tests with suction control were conducted,and the soil-water retention curve（SWRC） and unsaturated shear strength of this soil were obtained.Results show that the air-entry suction and the residual degree of saturation of the tested soil are 106 kPa and 8%,respectively.The boundary effect zone and the transition zone can be identified on the desorption curve,but the residual zone is not so obvious.The unsaturated shear strength increases as suction increases within the range of controlled suction in the test,and friction angle,b,in the triaxial shear test is 17.6°.Based on the results,constitutive models for predicting the unsaturated shear strength using the SWRC were evaluated,and comparisons between prediction and measurement were made.It is concluded that for engineering purpose,the constitutive model should be carefully selected based on soil properties when predicting the unsaturated shear strength using the SWRC.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21674019, 21704014, 52003106, 22008086, and 52003107)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos. 2020M671332, 2021M691265, and 2021M691266)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. 2232019A3-03 and JUSRP12032)Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (No. 6141A0202202)Shanghai Scientific and Technological Innovation Project (No. 18JC1410600)。
文摘The development of high-performance microwave absorption materials with strong absorption capacity and broad bandwidth is highly desirable in the field of electromagnetic pollution protection.Herein,ultralight polyimide-based graphene foam with ordered lamellar structure is precisely designed and controllably constructed by bidirectional freezing process.More lamellar interfaces formed inside the foam per unit volume effectively facilitate the layer-by-layer dissipation for the vertical incident electromagnetic waves,thereby endowing the foam with efficient broadband electromagnetic absorption performance.More importantly,electromagnetic absorption performance can be controllably adjusted by optimizing impedance distribution and microstructure of skeletons.As a result,the optimized foam with an ultralow density of 9.10 mg/cm^(3)presents a minimum reflection loss value of-61.29 dB at 9.25 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.51 GHz(7.06-12.57 GHz,covering the whole X band) when the thickness is 4.75 mm.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1200802)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2018ZX10711001003-001)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratories Program of China(SKLPBS1817)the Yunnan Health Training Project of High Level Talents(D-201604)
文摘Dear Editor,The family Totiviridae contains non-enveloped,doublestranded RNA viruses with genomes of approximately 4.6–7 kbp in length.These totiviruses are classified into five genera:Totivirus,Victorivirus,Trichomonasvirus,Giardiavirus,and Leishmaniavirus(Nibert 2007).They are associated with latent infections of fungal or protozoan hosts(Li et al.2020).Recently,a few totiviruses have been identified and shown to have unexpected host distributions,including insects,plants.
文摘Adverse birth outcomes are a leading cause of mortality in children in China, but the environmental influences of these conditions remain largely unexplained in this population. We aimed to evaluate the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Chinese pregnant women and their newborns, and to examine the association between levels of PAHs and infant birth weight. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 81 pairs of mothers and newborns from four hospitals in four different cities in China. High Performance Liquid Chromatography was used to measure the concentration of nine PAHs in maternal and cord blood and multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of these PAHs with infant birth weight. Anthracene (ANT) had the highest average concentration and detection rate (geometric mean = 69.54 ng/g and 76.5%, respectively) in maternal serum samples, while fluoranthene (FLT) had the highest concentration and detection rate (geometric mean = 68.4 ng/g and 50.6%, respectively) in the cord blood. Most of the measured PAHs in maternal serum and three PAHs in cord blood were inversely but non-significantly associated with birth weight. The strongest associations were observed for higher concentrations of benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) in maternal serum (230.7 g decrease for levels > median vs. < LOD;p = 0.151) and for ANT in cord blood (153.1 g decrease for levels < median vs. < LOD;p = 0.208). Ant and FLT were the predominant PAHs in the maternal and cord blood serum. Serum concentrations of several measured PAHs were associated with a decreased birth weight, although not significantly, suggesting that further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate our findings.
基金supported by the Non-profit Central Research Insti-tute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(grant number:2021-RC310-009).
文摘Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide.While smoking,radon,air pollution,as well as occupational exposure to asbestos,diesel fumes,arsenic,beryllium,cadmium,chromium,nickel,and silica are well-established risk factors,many lung cancer cases cannot be explained by these known risk factors.Over the last two decades the incidence of adenocarcinoma has risen,and it now surpasses squamous cell carcinoma as the most common histologic subtype.This increase warrants new efforts to identify additional risk factors for specific lung cancer subtypes as well as a comprehensive review of current evidence from epidemiologic studies to inform future studies.Given the myriad exposures individuals experience in real-world settings,it is essential to investigate mixture effects from complex exposures and gene-environment interactions in relation to lung cancer and its subtypes.
文摘Non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL)contributes to significant cancer burden and mortality globally.In recent years,much insight into the causes of NHL has been gained by evaluating global differences through international collaboration and data pooling.NHL comprises different subtypes that are known to behave differently,exhibit different prognoses,and start in distinct cell types(B-cell,T-cell,and NK-cell,predominantly),and there is in-creasing evidence that NHL subtypes have different etiologies.Classification of NHL can be complex,with varying subtype frequencies,and is a consideration when evaluating geographic differences.Because of this,international pooling of well-executed epidemiologic studies has conferred power to evaluate NHL by subtype and confidence with minimal misclassification.Given the decreasing burden in some regions while cases rise in Asia,and espe-cially China,this report focuses on a review of the established etiology of NHL from the epidemiologic literature in recent decades,highlighting work from China.Topics covered include demographic patterns and genetic de-terminants including family history of NHL,as well as infection and immunosuppression,lifestyle,environment,and certain occupational exposures contributing to increased disease risk.
基金supported in part by the following grants:Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB29040301 to X.J.)National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC1201000 to X.J.)+2 种基金Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFE0133500 to X.J.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770190 and 81925025 to CF.Q.)European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under ZIKAlliance Grant Agreement(734548 to X.J.)
文摘Zika virus(ZIKV)can infect a wide range of tissues including the developmental brain of human fetus.Whether specific viral genetic variants are linked to neuropathology is incompletely understood.To address this,we have intracranially serially passaged a clinical ZIKV isolate(SW01)in neonatal mice and discovered variants that exhibit markedly increased virulence and neurotropism.Deep sequencing analysis combining with molecular virology studies revealed that a single 67D(Aspartic acid)to N(Asparagine)substitution on E protein is sufficient to confer the increased virulence and neurotropism in vivo.Notably,virus clones with D67N mutation had higher viral production and caused more severe cytopathic effect(CPE)in human neural astrocytes U251 cells in vitro,indicating its potential neurological toxicity to human brain.These findings revealed that a single mutation D67N on ZIKV envelope may lead to severe neuro lesion that may help to explain the neurovirulence of ZIKV and suggest monitoring the occurrence of this mutation during nature infection may be important.
文摘Objective:To compare mini-probe endoscopic ultrasonography(MCUS)with computed tomography(CT)in pre-operative T and N staging of esophageal cancer,and to find out the MCUS parameters to judge lymph nodes metastasis for esophageal cancer.Methods:Thirty-five patients received both MCUS and CT preoperatively,on both of which the T and N stages were determined.The accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive predicting value and negative predicting value were compared with the postoperative pathological results.Results:The accuracy of MCUS was 85.7% in T staging and 85.7% and 80.0% in N staging by two different methods,which were 45.7% and 74.3%,respectively,by CT.Conclusion:MCUS is better than CT in preoperative staging for esophageal cancer.The ratio of short to long axis(S/L)combined with short axis is a useful way to determine lymph nodes metastasis.
文摘Lottery has already been broadly used by countries to raise funds to construct the public organizations,but its function is decided by the rate of participation and expenditure levels.Using the lottery investigation data from Hainan Province,this paper analyzes the factors affecting the rate of participation and expenditure in Hainan Province by applying Probit and Tobit Model.It shows that factors such as gender,marriage,education level,attitude and the social environment have distinct influence on the individual lottery participation and expenditure decisions.Therefore,lottery is a restricted rational behavior affected by psychological and social environment variables.Publicity may play an important role in our country's lottery policy.Moreover,lottery policy in China should implement a development strategy which requires adjustment in product pattem and promotion approach.
基金supported by the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(grant number:2021-RC310-009).
文摘Objective:To synthesize the knowledge about the association of total physical activity(TPA),leisure-time phys-ical activity(LTPA),occupational physical activity(OPA)and lung cancer risk and explore the dose-response relationship between LTPA level and lung cancer.Methods:PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to 17 November 2021.The summary relative risks(RRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were calculated by random-effects or fixed-effects model.The dose-response analysis was conducted with restricted cubic splines.Results:We identified 25 articles(42 cohort studies)that assessed the physical activity-lung cancer association,including 9,983,295 study participants and 85,988 incident cases of lung cancer.When comparing the highest to the lowest level of TPA and LTPA,lung cancer risk reduced 22%(RR,0.78;95%CI:0.70,0.86)and 12%(RR,0.88;95%CI:0.83,0.93),respectively.We found an approximately U-shaped association between LTPA and lung cancer(P non-linearity<0.001),with the lowest risk at 15 metabolic equivalent of task hours per week(h/wk)of LTPA.Compared to participants with sitting occupations,lung cancer risk significantly increased among those being unemployed(RR,1.33;95%CI:1.17,1.51)or with standing occupations(RR,1.37;95%CI:1.15,1.63),but not among those with light or high OPA.Conclusions:Our meta-analysis supported a protective effect of TPA and LTPA,but not OPA,on lung cancer risk.The novel finding of a U-shaped association between LTPA and lung cancer risk warrants further investigation.
基金sponsored by the National Ma-jor Science and Technology Projects of China(2018ZX09721003).
文摘Background:This study aimed to provide a detailed analysis of the temporal trends of cancer incidence rates for individuals aged 0-19 years in selected regions globally from 1978 to 2012.Methods:Data were obtained from Volumes V-XI of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents(CI5),published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.A total of 53 registries in 23 regions from the Americas,Asia,Europe,and Oceania that contained information on cancer incidence throughout 1978-2012(35 years)were included in this study.Joinpoint regression was used for the analysis of trends.Results:Most regions showed increasing trends in overall childhood cancer among children(aged 0-14 years)and adolescents(aged 15-19 years).Nearly all regions showed rising trends in childhood and adolescent leukemia incidence rates,whereas the incidence of lymphoma among children generally decreased.Only France,Australia,and New Zealand showed decreasing trends for malignant central nervous system(CNS)tumors among adoles-cents.Kidney cancer and bone cancer incidence rates remained stable for most regions.The incidence of thyroid cancer among adolescents increased in most regions and that of testicular cancer decreased in approximately one-half of the regions studied.Conclusion:The international temporal trends of cancer incidents among children and adolescents are varied by region,cancer type,age group,and gender,and have changed over time.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1103900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82430099)+1 种基金the Clinical Research Special Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(202440070)the Medical Research Special Project for Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(24Y12800400).
文摘Recent large-scale multi-omics studies have characterized the heterogeneity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC),but inconsistent clinical management has hindered the identification of prognostic markers and patient stratification.Here,we conducted genomic and transcriptomic profiling of 203 patients from the ECTOP-2002 study with full clinical information.Mutation in the mucin family,as well as APOBEC signature,were associated with poor prognosis.In contrast,activation of the epithelial-keratinization(EpK)pathway was strongly linked to favorable prognosis and lower post-chemotherapy recurrence rates.Independent validation supported S100A8+S100A9 complex as a key marker of EpK pathway.Furthermore,we established a prognostic stratification system,FU-ESCC subtyping,which defines three subtypes with distinct molecular and clinical features.The EpK-activated subtype retained characteristics of healthy squamous epithelial cells,showed high expression of the S100A8+S100A9 complex,and was associated with favorable prognosis.
基金National key research and development program of China(2016YFD0200900,2016YFD0501200)the Chinese Academy of Science STS Project(KFJ-STS-QYZD-095)Agricultural innovation project of Hunan Province(2019TD01).
文摘The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of manganese methionine hydroxyl analog chelated(Mn-MHAC)as a manganese(Mn)source on growth performance and trace element deposition in broilers.A total of 432 Arbor Acres commercial female broilers were fed a basal corn-soybean diet containing Mn at 25.64 mg/kg diet for 10 d.They were then randomly assigned to 6 groups,including a control group(the basal diet),a Mn sulfate group(the basal diet supplemented with Mn at 100 mg/kg diet),and 4 Mn-MHAC groups(the basal diet supplemented with Mn-MHAC at 25,50,75 and 100 mg Mn/kg diet,respectively).The results showed that compared with the control group,groups supplemented with Mn-MHAC had a positive effect on BW(quadratic,P=0.017)and ADG(quadratic,P=0.017).Moreover,the Mn-MHAC(50 mg Mn/kg diet)group had significantly greater BW and ADG(P<0.05)compared with the other Mn-MHAC groups.Trace element deposition results also showed that tibial Mn increased(linear or quadratic,P-0.002 and 0.009,respectively)in groups fed diets with increased levels of Mn-MHAC.In contrast,Fe deposition decreased both in the heart(linear,P-0.020)and tibia(P<0.05).In addition,the Mn-MHAC supplement noticeably lowered serum Mn-SOD activity(linear or quadratic,P-0.048 and 0.019,respectively).The relative mRNA levels of divalent metal transporter 1(DMT1)(P=0.024),ferro-portin 1(FPN1)(P=0.049),and Cu transporter-1(CTR1)(P<0.001)in the duodenum,as well as CTR1 in the jejunum and ileum(P=0.040 and 0.011,respectively)were higher in the Mn-supplemented group than in the control group.Furthermore,the relative mRNA level of DMT1 in the jejunum and ileum of broilers in the Mn-MHAC group(50 mg Mn/kg diet)did not differ from those in the control group,but was lower than those in the Mn sulfate group(P<0.05).In conclusion,Mn-MHAC dietary supplementation improved the growth performance and trace element deposition in broilers.From this study,we recommend the opti-mum Mn-MHAC level to meet the Mn requirement of broilers is 50 to 75 mg Mn/kg diet.
