Wheat(Triticum aestivum)faces significant threats from diseases such as powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis)and Fusarium head blight(FHB;caused by Fusarium graminearum),which cause severe yield losses.Moreover,the antago...Wheat(Triticum aestivum)faces significant threats from diseases such as powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis)and Fusarium head blight(FHB;caused by Fusarium graminearum),which cause severe yield losses.Moreover,the antagonism between yield-related traits and disease resistance makes yield resistance coordination a major challenge in wheat breeding.The lack of genetic resources combining both disease resistance and high yield constrains the elucidation of underlying resistance-yield trade-off mechanisms,thereby hindering the development of high-yield and disease-resistant wheat cultivars.Remarkably,Yangmai 33(YM33),a notable wheat cultivar with resistance to both powdery mildew and FHB as well as high-yield performance,was recently developed.It offers a unique opportunity to dissect the genomic architecture underlying the coordination between disease resistance and yield.展开更多
Solid lipid nanoparticles(SLN)could enhance the oral bioavailability of loaded protein and peptide drugs through lymphatic transport.Natural oligopeptides regulate nearly all vital processes and serve as a nitrogen so...Solid lipid nanoparticles(SLN)could enhance the oral bioavailability of loaded protein and peptide drugs through lymphatic transport.Natural oligopeptides regulate nearly all vital processes and serve as a nitrogen source for nourishment.They are mainly transported by oligopeptide transporter-1(PepT-1)which are primarily expressed in the intestine with the characteristics of high-capacity and low energy consumption.Our preliminary research discovered the transmembrane transport of SLN could be improved by stimulating the oligopeptide absorption pathway.This implied the potential of combining the advantages of SLN with oligopeptide transporter mediated transportation.Herein,two kinds of dipeptide modified SLN were designed with insulin and glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1)analogue exenatide as model drugs.These drugs loaded SLN showed enhanced oral bioavailability and hypoglycemic effect in both type I diabetic C57BL/6mice and type II diabetic KKAymice.Compared with un-modified SLN,dipeptide-modified SLN could be internalized by intestinal epithelial cells via PepT-1-mediated endocytosis with higher uptake.Interestingly,after internalization,more SLN could access the systemic circulation via lymphatic transport pathway,highlighting the potential to combine the oligopeptide-absorption route with SLN for oral drug delivery.展开更多
Unconventional natural gas has become an important supplement to conventional energy sources,and the process of enrichment and purification of methane from low concentration coalbed methane is crucial.To this end,we r...Unconventional natural gas has become an important supplement to conventional energy sources,and the process of enrichment and purification of methane from low concentration coalbed methane is crucial.To this end,we report a copper-based metal-organic framework(MOF),ZJNU-119Cu,featuring two methane traps constructed with uncoordinated carboxylic acid oxygens and open metal sites.ZJNU-119Cu exhibits a high methane adsorption capacity(58.2 cm^(3)·g^(-1))at 298 K and 0.1 MPa and excellent CH_(4)/N_(2) separation performance under dynamic conditions.Densityfunctional theory calculations combined with grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation theory reveal the interaction mechanism for the uncoordinated carboxylic acid oxygen atoms and open metal sites in ZJNU-119Cu with CH4.The gas adsorption isotherms,heat of adsorption calculations,and breakthrough separation experiments indicate that this MOF is a very promising adsorbent for CH_(4)/N_(2) separation.展开更多
Milk-derived extracellular vesicles(EVs)are promising for oral drug delivery,yet different loading methods exhibit distinct impacts on drug encapsulation and membrane integrity.This study demonstrated that sonication ...Milk-derived extracellular vesicles(EVs)are promising for oral drug delivery,yet different loading methods exhibit distinct impacts on drug encapsulation and membrane integrity.This study demonstrated that sonication method achieved high drug encapsulation in commercial milk-derived EVs(S-CM EVs),but impaired EV structure,compromising transcytosis.Incubation method(I-CM EVs)preserved EVs delivery ability,but had low drug loading.Further proteomic and transmembrane studies showed that sonication greatly damaged membrane proteins involved in trans-epithelial transportation,especially endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi pathway.To overcome this dilemma,we generated a hybrid CM EVs(H-CM EVs)by fusing I-CM EVs and S-CM EVs.H-CM EVs demonstrated comparable drug encapsulation to S-CM EVs(56.14%),significantly higher than I-CM EVs(11.92%).Importantly,H-CM EVs could maintain efficient drug delivery capability by restoring membrane fluidity,repairing damaged proteins,and enhancing enzyme resistance of SCM EVs.H-CM EVs exhibited excellent absorption characteristics with 1.85-fold higher of area under the curve and 2.50-fold higher of max plasma concentration than those of SCM EVs.On typeⅠdiabetic mice,orally delivery of insulin loaded H-CM EVs and I-CM EVs showed improved hypoglycemic effects with pharmacological availabilities of 5.15%and 5.31%,which was 1.7-fold higher than that of S-CM EVs(3.00%).This H-CM EVs platform not only achieved high drug loading and maintained functionality for effective oral delivery but also highlighted the significant translational potential for improved clinical outcomes.展开更多
This study investigates the fracture characteristics and the fracture process zone(FPZ)of mode I fracture in sandstone,aiming to analyze the propagation behaviors of mode I crack under different freeze-thaw cycles.Sem...This study investigates the fracture characteristics and the fracture process zone(FPZ)of mode I fracture in sandstone,aiming to analyze the propagation behaviors of mode I crack under different freeze-thaw cycles.Semicircular bending tests(SCB)were conducted using different freeze-thaw cycles to evaluate mode I fracture toughness,FPZ dynamics,and macroscopic microscopic features.Digital image correlation(DIC)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)techniques were employed for detailed analysis.Experimental results reveal that freeze-thaw cycling leads to the widening of both preexisting and newly formed microcracks between internal particles.Under external loading,crack propagation deviates from prefabricated paths,forming serrated crack patterns.The FPZ initiates at the prefabricated crack tip and extends toward the loading end,exhibiting an arcshaped tip shape.The FPZ length increases with loading but decreases after reaching a peak value.With additional freeze-thaw cycles,the maximum FPZ length first increases and then diminishes.展开更多
Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health.However,the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied.This study in...Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health.However,the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied.This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of the Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI)during 5-year return period extreme heat events across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region of China,utilizing 40 years of meteorological data from 174 stations.A non-stationary Generalized Extreme Value distribution model with a location parameter link function was identified as the optimal model(for 65.3%of stations)through the Akaike Information Criterion,capturing 16 regional extreme heat events.Results indicate that extreme heat thresholds rise with increasing return periods,with the highest thresholds concentrated around Beijing and Shijiazhuang.Air temperature and mean radiant temperature were found to be the dominant factors influencing UTCI,with daytime air temperature contributing 47.03%to 50.64%and nighttime mean radiant temperature contributing up to 48.55%.Spatially,“extreme heat stress”conditions,as defined by UTCI,were predominantly observed in the southeastern plains of Beijing and southern Hebei Province.Diurnally,UTCI peaked between 1200 and 1600 BT(Beijing time),generally returning to“no heat stress”levels across most areas between 0000 and 0600 BT.These findings provide crucial insights into the dynamics of human thermal comfort during extreme heat events in the BTH region,offering valuable scientific support for developing targeted heat mitigation and adaptation strategies.展开更多
Cross-regional high voltage direct current(HVDC)systems bring remarkable renewable power injections to the receiver side of power grids.However,HVDC failures result in large disturbances to receivers and cause critica...Cross-regional high voltage direct current(HVDC)systems bring remarkable renewable power injections to the receiver side of power grids.However,HVDC failures result in large disturbances to receivers and cause critical frequency security problems.High renewable energy penetration also reduces the system inertia and damping coefficients.Thus,some nodal frequency nadirs may be much lower than those calculated by the center-of-inertia(COI)and may trigger low-frequency protection.Energy storage is a promising solution for frequency-related problems.In this study,we build an energy storage planning model considering both COI and nodal frequency security constraints.The energy storage capacities and locations are determined in the planning scheme based on year-round operations.First,we carry out a year-round COI-frequency-constrained unit commitment to obtain comprehensive operation modes.Next,we propose a hybrid data-model driven approach to generate nodal frequency security constraints for extensive operation modes effectively.Finally,we achieve optimal energy storage planning with both COI and nodal frequency constraints.Case studies on a modified RTS-79 test system and a 1089-bus power system in practical in Jiangsu,China,verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.展开更多
This paper investigates a coupled system consisting of the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation,the compressible Euler equations for fluid dynamics,and the Maxwell equations for plasma dynamics.We establish the global well-p...This paper investigates a coupled system consisting of the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation,the compressible Euler equations for fluid dynamics,and the Maxwell equations for plasma dynamics.We establish the global well-posedness of the Cauchy problem within a perturbative framework.The proof relies on a refined energy method,which provides uniform control over the solution and ensures the global existence.展开更多
Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors and to evaluate the impact of adjuvant therapy on clinical outcome for early-stage cervical cancer. Methods： The clinical-pathological data ...Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors and to evaluate the impact of adjuvant therapy on clinical outcome for early-stage cervical cancer. Methods： The clinical-pathological data of all 1,335 patients with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics （FIGO） Ib-[Ia cervical cancer treated with primary radical surgery at the Chinese National Cancer Center between May 2007 and Dec 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The median follow-up was 70 months. Results： Of all the patients, 61.6% of the cases received adjuvant therapy, with 5-year disease-free survival （DFS） of 92.1% and 5-year overall survival （OS） of 95.0%. In multivariate analysis, differentiation of G3 （P〈0.05）, lymph node metastasis （LNM, P〈0.05） and lymphovascular space invasion （LVSI, P〈0.05） were independent predictors for OS, while LNM （P〈0.05）, deep stroma invasion （DSI, P〈0.05） and LVSI （P〈0.05） were independent factors for DFS. The samples were stratified by histologic type, and cervical squamous cell carcinoma （SCC） was found to share the same independent factors except for differentiation of OS. As to patients with cervical adenocarcinoma/adenosquamons carcinoma （AC/ASC）, differentiation was the independent predictor of OS （P〈0.05）; and LVSI of DFS （P〈0.05）. Of 236 patients with high-risk factors, there was no significant difference in survival between concurrent chemoradiotherapy （CCRT, n=195）, radiotherapy （RT, n=24）, and chemotherapy （CT, n=17）. Among the 190 patients with LNM who underwent CCRT, 124 cases showed improved DFS after sequential CT （P=0.118）, with a recurrence rate decrease of 14%, though the difference was not statistically significant. Patients with single intermediate-risk factors like DSI or LVSI were found to partially benefit from adjuvant therapy, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions： LNM, LVSI, DSI and differentiation were found to be independent prognostic factors for operable cervical cancer. Aggressive postoperative adjuvant therapy based on single risk factors in Chinese National Cancer Center could benefit survival. CCRT＋CT outperformed CCRT in high-risk patients. For patients with single non-high-risk factor, the role of adjuvant therapy needs to be further discussed.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of separate lateral parametrial lymph node dissection(LPLND) in improving parametrial lymph node(PLN) and its metastasis detection rate during radical hysterectomy f...Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of separate lateral parametrial lymph node dissection(LPLND) in improving parametrial lymph node(PLN) and its metastasis detection rate during radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer.Methods: From July 2007 to August 2017, 2,695 patients with cervical cancer in stage IB1-IIA2 underwent radical hysterectomy were included. Of these patients, 368 underwent separate dissection of PLNs using the LPLND method, and 2,327 patients underwent conventional radical hysterectomy(CRH). We compared the surgical parameters, PLN detection rate and PLN metastasis rate between the two groups.Results: Compared with CRH group, the rate of laparoscopic surgery was higher(60.3% vs. 15.9%, P<0.001),and the blood transfusion rate was lower(19.0% vs. 29.0%, P<0.001) in the LPLND group. PLNs were detected in 356 cases(96.7%) in the LPLND group, and 270 cases(11.6%) in the CRH group(P<0.001), respectively. The number of PLNs detected in the LPLND group was higher than that in the CRH group(median 3 vs. 1, P<0.001).The PLN metastases were detected in 25 cases(6.8%) in the LPLND group, and 18 cases(0.8%) in the CRH group(P<0.001), respectively. In multivariable analysis, LPLND is an independent factor not only for PLN detection [odds ratio(OR)=228.999, 95% confidence interval(95% CI): 124.661-420.664;P<0.001], but also for PLN metastasis identification(OR=10.867, 95% CI: 5.381-21.946;P<0.001).Conclusions: LPLND is feasible and safe. The surgical method significantly improves the detection rate of PLN and avoids omission of PLN metastasis during radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer.展开更多
UiO-66-NH2, as typical visible light responsive Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), has attracted great interest in recent years. However, rapid combination of the photoinduced carriers limits its further applic...UiO-66-NH2, as typical visible light responsive Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), has attracted great interest in recent years. However, rapid combination of the photoinduced carriers limits its further application. Here, we designed a facile precipitation-photoreduction method to post-synthetically decorate Ag/AgCl on the surface of UiO-66-NH2 and form a heterostructure. Metallic Ag can not only transmit electrons between UiO-66-NH2 and AgCl but also absorb visible light, because of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. The rhodamine B photodegradation rate of UiO-66-NH2/Ag/AgCl (16.2 wt.% Ag) is about 10 and 4 times those of UiO-66-NH2 and Ag/AgCl, respectively. The SPR effect of Ag NPs and the formation of a heterostructure synergistically increase the absorbability of visible light, accelerate the separation of photoinduced charges, and promote the formation of superoxide radicals. We expect that our work could provide a new viewpoint for constructing efficient MOF-based photocatalytic systems.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using ultrasonic scalpel combined with vascular clip in parametrial management,called limited energy parametrial resection/dissection(LEPRD),in la...Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using ultrasonic scalpel combined with vascular clip in parametrial management,called limited energy parametrial resection/dissection(LEPRD),in laparoscopic nerve plane-sparing radical hysterectomy(NPSRH),a modified nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy(NSRH); and to evaluate its effectiveness in pelvic autonomic nerve preservation.Methods: From July 2012 to January 2016,257 consecutive patients with stage IB1 to IIA2 cervical cancer who underwent NPSRH were included in this study.Patients were divided into three cohorts according to the different parametrial resection modality.The clinical,pathological and surgery-related parameters were compared between the three groups.Short-and long-term postoperative bladder functions were evaluated.Results: LEPRD was attempted in 94 patients,and was successful in 65(69.1%) patients(LEPRD group).The remaining 29(30.9%) patients required bipolar coagulation after failure of vascular clipping(combined modality group).Routine bipolar cautery was used in the other 163 patients during the parametrial resection(bipolar group).The blood loss in the LEPRD group was significantly lower than those in the other two groups(P<0.001).The rate of successful Foley removal on postoperative day 7 was significantly higher in the LEPRD group than in the bipolar group(P=0.022).The incidence of chronic voiding dysfunction was significantly lower in the LEPRD group than in the bipolar group(P=0.019).Conclusions: It is feasible to perform LEPRD in NPSRH for cervical cancers.This kind of limited energy surgical technique is associated with less blood loss,and leads to improved postoperative bladder function.展开更多
The gradual increase in shipping and drilling activities in the Arctic regions has resulted in the increased importance of studying the structural safety of polar ships in various ice conditions.Rafted ice refers to a...The gradual increase in shipping and drilling activities in the Arctic regions has resulted in the increased importance of studying the structural safety of polar ships in various ice conditions.Rafted ice refers to a type of accumulated and overlapped sea ice;it is driven by external forces,such as wind and waves,and may exert high loads on ships and threaten their structural safety.Therefore,the properties of rafted ice and the construction of numerical models should be studied before exploring the interaction and collision between ships and rafted ice.Based on the nonlinear finite-element method,this paper introduces the cohesive element model for the simulation of rafted ice.The interaction between ships and rafted ice is studied,and the ice force of the hull is obtained.Numerical simulation results are compared with model test findings,and the effectiveness of the cohesive element method in the construction of the model of rafted ice materials is verified.On this basis,a multilayer rafted ice model is constructed,and its interaction with the ship is studied.The research unveils that rafted ice parts impede crack generation and slow down crack propagation to a certain extent.展开更多
Purpose:The IMbrave150 PhaseⅢtrial demonstrated superiority of atezolizumab and bevacizumab(Atezo/Bev)over sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility o...Purpose:The IMbrave150 PhaseⅢtrial demonstrated superiority of atezolizumab and bevacizumab(Atezo/Bev)over sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility of TARE in combination with Atezo/Bev for treatment of intermediate and advanced staged HCC.Methods:Retrospective review at a single institution was performed between May 2021 and December 2022.Patients who received TARE using yttrium-90(Y90)with concomitant or sequential Atezo/Bev systemic treatment were included.The following outcomes were retrieved:overall survival(OS),radiologic tumor response,progression-free survival,technical adverse events related to TARE,and toxicity based on the National Cancer Institute–Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0.Results:Ten consecutive patients with intermediate(n=4)and advanced stage HCC(n=6)were treated with TARE and sequential/concomitant Atezo/Bev.Tumor control was achieved in all TARE-treated target lesions(100%).Overall disease progression occurred in 4 patients with PFS of 78.8%and 66.7%at 6-and 12-months,respectively.Two patients died at follow-up,with 6-month and 12-month OS rates of 90.0%and 77.1%,respectively.Three(75%)patients with intermediate stage disease were downstaged into Milan criteria.One patient developed grade 3 transaminitis and hypoglobulinemia,while Atezo/Bev was switched to Lenvatinib in another patient due to immunotherapy related myositis.Conclusion:This study demonstrates initial safety and feasibility of combined TARE with Atezo/Bev for intermediate/advanced stage HCC.Further prospective studies with larger sample size are warranted.展开更多
Polymer-based thermally conductive composites have attracted tremendous interest in thermal management of electronics.However,it remains challenging to achieve high thermal conductivity partly because the difficulty t...Polymer-based thermally conductive composites have attracted tremendous interest in thermal management of electronics.However,it remains challenging to achieve high thermal conductivity partly because the difficulty to obtain favorable distribution and orientation of conductive fillers within the polymer matrix.Herein,networked boron nitride(BN)conductive pathway was realized within the poly(lactic acid)(PLA)matrix,via regenerated cellulose(RC)-assisted assembly of BN on Pickering emulsion interface based on the noncovalent interaction,followed by solvent evaporation and hot-compressing.The strong noncovalent interactions between BN and RC were found critical to enhance the wettability and stability of BN in aqueous media with a lowest mass ratio of 1:40 of RC and BN.The obtained PLA/BN composites feature a thermal conductivity of 1.06 W/(m K)at 28.4 wt%BN loading,representing an enhancement of 430%comparing to neat PLA,and the crystallinity of the composites could increase significantly from11.7%(neat PLA)to 43.7%.This simple,environmentally friendly and effective strategy could be easily extended for effective construction of thermally conductive composites.展开更多
We discuss the escape problem with the consideration of both the activity of particles and the roughness of potentials.We derive analytic expressions for the escape rate of an active Brownian particle in two types of ...We discuss the escape problem with the consideration of both the activity of particles and the roughness of potentials.We derive analytic expressions for the escape rate of an active Brownian particle in two types of rough potentials by employing the effective equilibrium approach and the Zwanzig method.We find that activity enhances the escape rate,but both the oscillating perturbation and the random amplitude hinder escaping.展开更多
In this study, by using Xinkui 19 and its parents as experimental materials, 100 pairs of SSR molecular markers were screened to obtain specific poly- morphic primers, aiming at providing an accurate and efficient met...In this study, by using Xinkui 19 and its parents as experimental materials, 100 pairs of SSR molecular markers were screened to obtain specific poly- morphic primers, aiming at providing an accurate and efficient method for identifying the purity of Helianthus annuus L. hybrid seeds. According to the experimen- tal results, by using polymorphic SSR primer 455, the amplified bands of female and male parents were 460 and 430 bp, respectively; by using polymorphic SSR primer 478, the amplified bands of female and male parents were 330 and 350 bp, respectively. The identification results of Xinkui 19 hybrids and its parents with SSR marker technique and field cultivation were basically consistent. SSR primers 455 and 478 could be used for rapid and effective identification of the purity of Xinkui 19 hybrid seeds.展开更多
Achieving robust and durable cellular immunity remains a key challenge in the development of subunit vaccines,primarily due to inefficient antigen cross-presentation and inadequate immune activation.Here,we engineered...Achieving robust and durable cellular immunity remains a key challenge in the development of subunit vaccines,primarily due to inefficient antigen cross-presentation and inadequate immune activation.Here,we engineered a series of nano-emulsions by conjugating human serum albumin(HSA)with fatty acids of varying chain lengths.Through systematic screening,the palmitic acid-modified nano-emulsion was identified as the most effective carrier,exhibiting intrinsic self-adjuvant properties and a strong capacity to elicit cellular immune responses.Notably,this formulation enables cascade-targeted delivery,trafficking sequentially from lymph nodes to antigen-presenting cells(APCs),and ultimately to the endoplasmic reticulum(ER).Upon co-delivery of the model antigen ovalbumin(OVA)and a stimulator of interferon genes(STING)agonist,the nano-emulsion fa-cilitates both efficient antigen cross-presentation and precise intracellular activation of the STING pathway.This synergistic mechanism significantly enhances CD8^(+)T cell responses and promotes durable memory formation,resulting in potent antitumor efficacy in murine models.Collectively,this study presents a safe and versatile nano-emulsion platform that overcomes key barriers in subunit vaccine delivery,offering a promising strategy for next-generation vaccine design.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD1201100)the research program from the Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory(ZSBBL-KY2023-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32341037).
文摘Wheat(Triticum aestivum)faces significant threats from diseases such as powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis)and Fusarium head blight(FHB;caused by Fusarium graminearum),which cause severe yield losses.Moreover,the antagonism between yield-related traits and disease resistance makes yield resistance coordination a major challenge in wheat breeding.The lack of genetic resources combining both disease resistance and high yield constrains the elucidation of underlying resistance-yield trade-off mechanisms,thereby hindering the development of high-yield and disease-resistant wheat cultivars.Remarkably,Yangmai 33(YM33),a notable wheat cultivar with resistance to both powdery mildew and FHB as well as high-yield performance,was recently developed.It offers a unique opportunity to dissect the genomic architecture underlying the coordination between disease resistance and yield.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFE0115200)the Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22A20356).
文摘Solid lipid nanoparticles(SLN)could enhance the oral bioavailability of loaded protein and peptide drugs through lymphatic transport.Natural oligopeptides regulate nearly all vital processes and serve as a nitrogen source for nourishment.They are mainly transported by oligopeptide transporter-1(PepT-1)which are primarily expressed in the intestine with the characteristics of high-capacity and low energy consumption.Our preliminary research discovered the transmembrane transport of SLN could be improved by stimulating the oligopeptide absorption pathway.This implied the potential of combining the advantages of SLN with oligopeptide transporter mediated transportation.Herein,two kinds of dipeptide modified SLN were designed with insulin and glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1)analogue exenatide as model drugs.These drugs loaded SLN showed enhanced oral bioavailability and hypoglycemic effect in both type I diabetic C57BL/6mice and type II diabetic KKAymice.Compared with un-modified SLN,dipeptide-modified SLN could be internalized by intestinal epithelial cells via PepT-1-mediated endocytosis with higher uptake.Interestingly,after internalization,more SLN could access the systemic circulation via lymphatic transport pathway,highlighting the potential to combine the oligopeptide-absorption route with SLN for oral drug delivery.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22408258 and 22378287)the Joint Founds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20B6004)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202303021222012).
文摘Unconventional natural gas has become an important supplement to conventional energy sources,and the process of enrichment and purification of methane from low concentration coalbed methane is crucial.To this end,we report a copper-based metal-organic framework(MOF),ZJNU-119Cu,featuring two methane traps constructed with uncoordinated carboxylic acid oxygens and open metal sites.ZJNU-119Cu exhibits a high methane adsorption capacity(58.2 cm^(3)·g^(-1))at 298 K and 0.1 MPa and excellent CH_(4)/N_(2) separation performance under dynamic conditions.Densityfunctional theory calculations combined with grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation theory reveal the interaction mechanism for the uncoordinated carboxylic acid oxygen atoms and open metal sites in ZJNU-119Cu with CH4.The gas adsorption isotherms,heat of adsorption calculations,and breakthrough separation experiments indicate that this MOF is a very promising adsorbent for CH_(4)/N_(2) separation.
基金financial support from the the Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:U22A20356)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFE0115200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81872818).
文摘Milk-derived extracellular vesicles(EVs)are promising for oral drug delivery,yet different loading methods exhibit distinct impacts on drug encapsulation and membrane integrity.This study demonstrated that sonication method achieved high drug encapsulation in commercial milk-derived EVs(S-CM EVs),but impaired EV structure,compromising transcytosis.Incubation method(I-CM EVs)preserved EVs delivery ability,but had low drug loading.Further proteomic and transmembrane studies showed that sonication greatly damaged membrane proteins involved in trans-epithelial transportation,especially endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi pathway.To overcome this dilemma,we generated a hybrid CM EVs(H-CM EVs)by fusing I-CM EVs and S-CM EVs.H-CM EVs demonstrated comparable drug encapsulation to S-CM EVs(56.14%),significantly higher than I-CM EVs(11.92%).Importantly,H-CM EVs could maintain efficient drug delivery capability by restoring membrane fluidity,repairing damaged proteins,and enhancing enzyme resistance of SCM EVs.H-CM EVs exhibited excellent absorption characteristics with 1.85-fold higher of area under the curve and 2.50-fold higher of max plasma concentration than those of SCM EVs.On typeⅠdiabetic mice,orally delivery of insulin loaded H-CM EVs and I-CM EVs showed improved hypoglycemic effects with pharmacological availabilities of 5.15%and 5.31%,which was 1.7-fold higher than that of S-CM EVs(3.00%).This H-CM EVs platform not only achieved high drug loading and maintained functionality for effective oral delivery but also highlighted the significant translational potential for improved clinical outcomes.
基金supported by the projects(Grant No.:52304118)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,the Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology(2023yjrc18)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mine(Grant No.:SKLMRDPC23KF08).
文摘This study investigates the fracture characteristics and the fracture process zone(FPZ)of mode I fracture in sandstone,aiming to analyze the propagation behaviors of mode I crack under different freeze-thaw cycles.Semicircular bending tests(SCB)were conducted using different freeze-thaw cycles to evaluate mode I fracture toughness,FPZ dynamics,and macroscopic microscopic features.Digital image correlation(DIC)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)techniques were employed for detailed analysis.Experimental results reveal that freeze-thaw cycling leads to the widening of both preexisting and newly formed microcracks between internal particles.Under external loading,crack propagation deviates from prefabricated paths,forming serrated crack patterns.The FPZ initiates at the prefabricated crack tip and extends toward the loading end,exhibiting an arcshaped tip shape.The FPZ length increases with loading but decreases after reaching a peak value.With additional freeze-thaw cycles,the maximum FPZ length first increases and then diminishes.
基金supported by the Hebei Provincial Key Research and Development Program[grant numbers 23375401D and22375404D]the China Meteorological Administration[grant number FPZJ2024-011]the Hebei Meteorological Bureau[grant number21ky32]。
文摘Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health.However,the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied.This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of the Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI)during 5-year return period extreme heat events across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region of China,utilizing 40 years of meteorological data from 174 stations.A non-stationary Generalized Extreme Value distribution model with a location parameter link function was identified as the optimal model(for 65.3%of stations)through the Akaike Information Criterion,capturing 16 regional extreme heat events.Results indicate that extreme heat thresholds rise with increasing return periods,with the highest thresholds concentrated around Beijing and Shijiazhuang.Air temperature and mean radiant temperature were found to be the dominant factors influencing UTCI,with daytime air temperature contributing 47.03%to 50.64%and nighttime mean radiant temperature contributing up to 48.55%.Spatially,“extreme heat stress”conditions,as defined by UTCI,were predominantly observed in the southeastern plains of Beijing and southern Hebei Province.Diurnally,UTCI peaked between 1200 and 1600 BT(Beijing time),generally returning to“no heat stress”levels across most areas between 0000 and 0600 BT.These findings provide crucial insights into the dynamics of human thermal comfort during extreme heat events in the BTH region,offering valuable scientific support for developing targeted heat mitigation and adaptation strategies.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52177093)in part by the Scientific&technical project of China Electric Power Planning&Engineering Institute(K202317).
文摘Cross-regional high voltage direct current(HVDC)systems bring remarkable renewable power injections to the receiver side of power grids.However,HVDC failures result in large disturbances to receivers and cause critical frequency security problems.High renewable energy penetration also reduces the system inertia and damping coefficients.Thus,some nodal frequency nadirs may be much lower than those calculated by the center-of-inertia(COI)and may trigger low-frequency protection.Energy storage is a promising solution for frequency-related problems.In this study,we build an energy storage planning model considering both COI and nodal frequency security constraints.The energy storage capacities and locations are determined in the planning scheme based on year-round operations.First,we carry out a year-round COI-frequency-constrained unit commitment to obtain comprehensive operation modes.Next,we propose a hybrid data-model driven approach to generate nodal frequency security constraints for extensive operation modes effectively.Finally,we achieve optimal energy storage planning with both COI and nodal frequency constraints.Case studies on a modified RTS-79 test system and a 1089-bus power system in practical in Jiangsu,China,verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12325107)。
文摘This paper investigates a coupled system consisting of the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation,the compressible Euler equations for fluid dynamics,and the Maxwell equations for plasma dynamics.We establish the global well-posedness of the Cauchy problem within a perturbative framework.The proof relies on a refined energy method,which provides uniform control over the solution and ensures the global existence.
文摘Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors and to evaluate the impact of adjuvant therapy on clinical outcome for early-stage cervical cancer. Methods： The clinical-pathological data of all 1,335 patients with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics （FIGO） Ib-[Ia cervical cancer treated with primary radical surgery at the Chinese National Cancer Center between May 2007 and Dec 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The median follow-up was 70 months. Results： Of all the patients, 61.6% of the cases received adjuvant therapy, with 5-year disease-free survival （DFS） of 92.1% and 5-year overall survival （OS） of 95.0%. In multivariate analysis, differentiation of G3 （P〈0.05）, lymph node metastasis （LNM, P〈0.05） and lymphovascular space invasion （LVSI, P〈0.05） were independent predictors for OS, while LNM （P〈0.05）, deep stroma invasion （DSI, P〈0.05） and LVSI （P〈0.05） were independent factors for DFS. The samples were stratified by histologic type, and cervical squamous cell carcinoma （SCC） was found to share the same independent factors except for differentiation of OS. As to patients with cervical adenocarcinoma/adenosquamons carcinoma （AC/ASC）, differentiation was the independent predictor of OS （P〈0.05）; and LVSI of DFS （P〈0.05）. Of 236 patients with high-risk factors, there was no significant difference in survival between concurrent chemoradiotherapy （CCRT, n=195）, radiotherapy （RT, n=24）, and chemotherapy （CT, n=17）. Among the 190 patients with LNM who underwent CCRT, 124 cases showed improved DFS after sequential CT （P=0.118）, with a recurrence rate decrease of 14%, though the difference was not statistically significant. Patients with single intermediate-risk factors like DSI or LVSI were found to partially benefit from adjuvant therapy, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions： LNM, LVSI, DSI and differentiation were found to be independent prognostic factors for operable cervical cancer. Aggressive postoperative adjuvant therapy based on single risk factors in Chinese National Cancer Center could benefit survival. CCRT＋CT outperformed CCRT in high-risk patients. For patients with single non-high-risk factor, the role of adjuvant therapy needs to be further discussed.
基金special fund for “Capital City Clinical Specific Application Study”(No.Z171100001017115)。
文摘Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of separate lateral parametrial lymph node dissection(LPLND) in improving parametrial lymph node(PLN) and its metastasis detection rate during radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer.Methods: From July 2007 to August 2017, 2,695 patients with cervical cancer in stage IB1-IIA2 underwent radical hysterectomy were included. Of these patients, 368 underwent separate dissection of PLNs using the LPLND method, and 2,327 patients underwent conventional radical hysterectomy(CRH). We compared the surgical parameters, PLN detection rate and PLN metastasis rate between the two groups.Results: Compared with CRH group, the rate of laparoscopic surgery was higher(60.3% vs. 15.9%, P<0.001),and the blood transfusion rate was lower(19.0% vs. 29.0%, P<0.001) in the LPLND group. PLNs were detected in 356 cases(96.7%) in the LPLND group, and 270 cases(11.6%) in the CRH group(P<0.001), respectively. The number of PLNs detected in the LPLND group was higher than that in the CRH group(median 3 vs. 1, P<0.001).The PLN metastases were detected in 25 cases(6.8%) in the LPLND group, and 18 cases(0.8%) in the CRH group(P<0.001), respectively. In multivariable analysis, LPLND is an independent factor not only for PLN detection [odds ratio(OR)=228.999, 95% confidence interval(95% CI): 124.661-420.664;P<0.001], but also for PLN metastasis identification(OR=10.867, 95% CI: 5.381-21.946;P<0.001).Conclusions: LPLND is feasible and safe. The surgical method significantly improves the detection rate of PLN and avoids omission of PLN metastasis during radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676182)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2014CB932403)the Program for Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China(B06006)
文摘UiO-66-NH2, as typical visible light responsive Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), has attracted great interest in recent years. However, rapid combination of the photoinduced carriers limits its further application. Here, we designed a facile precipitation-photoreduction method to post-synthetically decorate Ag/AgCl on the surface of UiO-66-NH2 and form a heterostructure. Metallic Ag can not only transmit electrons between UiO-66-NH2 and AgCl but also absorb visible light, because of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. The rhodamine B photodegradation rate of UiO-66-NH2/Ag/AgCl (16.2 wt.% Ag) is about 10 and 4 times those of UiO-66-NH2 and Ag/AgCl, respectively. The SPR effect of Ag NPs and the formation of a heterostructure synergistically increase the absorbability of visible light, accelerate the separation of photoinduced charges, and promote the formation of superoxide radicals. We expect that our work could provide a new viewpoint for constructing efficient MOF-based photocatalytic systems.
基金supported by the special fund for Capital City Clinical Specific Application Study(No.Z171100001017115)
文摘Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using ultrasonic scalpel combined with vascular clip in parametrial management,called limited energy parametrial resection/dissection(LEPRD),in laparoscopic nerve plane-sparing radical hysterectomy(NPSRH),a modified nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy(NSRH); and to evaluate its effectiveness in pelvic autonomic nerve preservation.Methods: From July 2012 to January 2016,257 consecutive patients with stage IB1 to IIA2 cervical cancer who underwent NPSRH were included in this study.Patients were divided into three cohorts according to the different parametrial resection modality.The clinical,pathological and surgery-related parameters were compared between the three groups.Short-and long-term postoperative bladder functions were evaluated.Results: LEPRD was attempted in 94 patients,and was successful in 65(69.1%) patients(LEPRD group).The remaining 29(30.9%) patients required bipolar coagulation after failure of vascular clipping(combined modality group).Routine bipolar cautery was used in the other 163 patients during the parametrial resection(bipolar group).The blood loss in the LEPRD group was significantly lower than those in the other two groups(P<0.001).The rate of successful Foley removal on postoperative day 7 was significantly higher in the LEPRD group than in the bipolar group(P=0.022).The incidence of chronic voiding dysfunction was significantly lower in the LEPRD group than in the bipolar group(P=0.019).Conclusions: It is feasible to perform LEPRD in NPSRH for cervical cancers.This kind of limited energy surgical technique is associated with less blood loss,and leads to improved postoperative bladder function.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52192693,52192690,51979051,51979056 and U20A20327)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2803400)。
文摘The gradual increase in shipping and drilling activities in the Arctic regions has resulted in the increased importance of studying the structural safety of polar ships in various ice conditions.Rafted ice refers to a type of accumulated and overlapped sea ice;it is driven by external forces,such as wind and waves,and may exert high loads on ships and threaten their structural safety.Therefore,the properties of rafted ice and the construction of numerical models should be studied before exploring the interaction and collision between ships and rafted ice.Based on the nonlinear finite-element method,this paper introduces the cohesive element model for the simulation of rafted ice.The interaction between ships and rafted ice is studied,and the ice force of the hull is obtained.Numerical simulation results are compared with model test findings,and the effectiveness of the cohesive element method in the construction of the model of rafted ice materials is verified.On this basis,a multilayer rafted ice model is constructed,and its interaction with the ship is studied.The research unveils that rafted ice parts impede crack generation and slow down crack propagation to a certain extent.
文摘Purpose:The IMbrave150 PhaseⅢtrial demonstrated superiority of atezolizumab and bevacizumab(Atezo/Bev)over sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility of TARE in combination with Atezo/Bev for treatment of intermediate and advanced staged HCC.Methods:Retrospective review at a single institution was performed between May 2021 and December 2022.Patients who received TARE using yttrium-90(Y90)with concomitant or sequential Atezo/Bev systemic treatment were included.The following outcomes were retrieved:overall survival(OS),radiologic tumor response,progression-free survival,technical adverse events related to TARE,and toxicity based on the National Cancer Institute–Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0.Results:Ten consecutive patients with intermediate(n=4)and advanced stage HCC(n=6)were treated with TARE and sequential/concomitant Atezo/Bev.Tumor control was achieved in all TARE-treated target lesions(100%).Overall disease progression occurred in 4 patients with PFS of 78.8%and 66.7%at 6-and 12-months,respectively.Two patients died at follow-up,with 6-month and 12-month OS rates of 90.0%and 77.1%,respectively.Three(75%)patients with intermediate stage disease were downstaged into Milan criteria.One patient developed grade 3 transaminitis and hypoglobulinemia,while Atezo/Bev was switched to Lenvatinib in another patient due to immunotherapy related myositis.Conclusion:This study demonstrates initial safety and feasibility of combined TARE with Atezo/Bev for intermediate/advanced stage HCC.Further prospective studies with larger sample size are warranted.
基金supported by the One Belt and One Road Innovative Talent Exchange Program for Foreign Experts[Grant No.DL20200009005]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[Grant No.2232021G-02]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[Grant No.2232020G-04]。
文摘Polymer-based thermally conductive composites have attracted tremendous interest in thermal management of electronics.However,it remains challenging to achieve high thermal conductivity partly because the difficulty to obtain favorable distribution and orientation of conductive fillers within the polymer matrix.Herein,networked boron nitride(BN)conductive pathway was realized within the poly(lactic acid)(PLA)matrix,via regenerated cellulose(RC)-assisted assembly of BN on Pickering emulsion interface based on the noncovalent interaction,followed by solvent evaporation and hot-compressing.The strong noncovalent interactions between BN and RC were found critical to enhance the wettability and stability of BN in aqueous media with a lowest mass ratio of 1:40 of RC and BN.The obtained PLA/BN composites feature a thermal conductivity of 1.06 W/(m K)at 28.4 wt%BN loading,representing an enhancement of 430%comparing to neat PLA,and the crystallinity of the composites could increase significantly from11.7%(neat PLA)to 43.7%.This simple,environmentally friendly and effective strategy could be easily extended for effective construction of thermally conductive composites.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11975050 and No.11735005)
文摘We discuss the escape problem with the consideration of both the activity of particles and the roughness of potentials.We derive analytic expressions for the escape rate of an active Brownian particle in two types of rough potentials by employing the effective equilibrium approach and the Zwanzig method.We find that activity enhances the escape rate,but both the oscillating perturbation and the random amplitude hinder escaping.
基金Supported by Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps to Support Xinjiang Development(2014AB007)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2014BA005)
文摘In this study, by using Xinkui 19 and its parents as experimental materials, 100 pairs of SSR molecular markers were screened to obtain specific poly- morphic primers, aiming at providing an accurate and efficient method for identifying the purity of Helianthus annuus L. hybrid seeds. According to the experimen- tal results, by using polymorphic SSR primer 455, the amplified bands of female and male parents were 460 and 430 bp, respectively; by using polymorphic SSR primer 478, the amplified bands of female and male parents were 330 and 350 bp, respectively. The identification results of Xinkui 19 hybrids and its parents with SSR marker technique and field cultivation were basically consistent. SSR primers 455 and 478 could be used for rapid and effective identification of the purity of Xinkui 19 hybrid seeds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82373799).
文摘Achieving robust and durable cellular immunity remains a key challenge in the development of subunit vaccines,primarily due to inefficient antigen cross-presentation and inadequate immune activation.Here,we engineered a series of nano-emulsions by conjugating human serum albumin(HSA)with fatty acids of varying chain lengths.Through systematic screening,the palmitic acid-modified nano-emulsion was identified as the most effective carrier,exhibiting intrinsic self-adjuvant properties and a strong capacity to elicit cellular immune responses.Notably,this formulation enables cascade-targeted delivery,trafficking sequentially from lymph nodes to antigen-presenting cells(APCs),and ultimately to the endoplasmic reticulum(ER).Upon co-delivery of the model antigen ovalbumin(OVA)and a stimulator of interferon genes(STING)agonist,the nano-emulsion fa-cilitates both efficient antigen cross-presentation and precise intracellular activation of the STING pathway.This synergistic mechanism significantly enhances CD8^(+)T cell responses and promotes durable memory formation,resulting in potent antitumor efficacy in murine models.Collectively,this study presents a safe and versatile nano-emulsion platform that overcomes key barriers in subunit vaccine delivery,offering a promising strategy for next-generation vaccine design.
