The central environmental protection inspection (CEPI) system in China is a significant institutional innova‐tion in national environmental governance. The CEPI applies a joint supervision strategy to address salient...The central environmental protection inspection (CEPI) system in China is a significant institutional innova‐tion in national environmental governance. The CEPI applies a joint supervision strategy to address salient en‐vironmental issues and strictly enforce the environmental responsibilities of local governments. This study col‐lects and organizes CEPI inspection reports covering three stages that encompass the first round, the “look back”, and the second round, applying text analysis to obtain sample data and conduct statistical quantifica‐tion of word frequency in inspection reports and identify notable changes. The study explores the allocation of CEPI attention between policy objectives and the intensity of policy instruments. We determine that in con‐junction with public opinion feedback, the CEPI conducts targeted inspections and focuses more on pollutant governance, which has high severity and can be addressed quickly. The CEPI fills the gap of normalized gover‐nance with a campaign-style governance approach. Regarding the intensity of policy measures, the CEPI pri‐marily uses economic incentive policy instruments, supplemented by command-and-control and public guid‐ance approaches, advancing the sustainability of regulatory effectiveness through economic, social, and politi‐cal activities. This study extends knowledge in the field of CEPI policy priorities and implementation, expand‐ing the literature related to outcomes of environmental policy in developing countries.展开更多
Retinal imaging is pivotal in the evaluation of ocular and systemic health,presenting significant promise for extensive popula-tion studies.However,the lack of standardized and automated techniques for extracting Imag...Retinal imaging is pivotal in the evaluation of ocular and systemic health,presenting significant promise for extensive popula-tion studies.However,the lack of standardized and automated techniques for extracting Imaging-Derived Phenotypes(IDPs)from retinal images is a major impediment.To counteract this challenge,the Chinese Human Phenome Project(CHPP)has developed a comprehensive protocol that includes Quality Control(QC),preprocessing,and automated or semi-automated extraction of IDPs from fundus photography and Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT)images.This protocol incorporates Artificial Intelligence(AI)-based methods to achieve accurate and efficient IDP extraction,facilitating standardized analysis of large-scale populations.We hope that this Standard Operating Procedure(SOP)guideline will impart valuable insights for ophthalmology-related disciplines and provides support for future research endeavors utilizing retinal imaging data.展开更多
Background:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of placing dual capsular tension rings for the combined management of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft and zonular dialysis.Methods:A modified capsular tension ring was inse...Background:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of placing dual capsular tension rings for the combined management of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft and zonular dialysis.Methods:A modified capsular tension ring was inserted into the ciliary sulcus and a capsular tension ring or modified capsular tension ring was inserted into the capsular bag in 20 eyes in 20 consecutive patients showing signs of ocular hypotony and ectopia lentis.Outcome measures included intraocular pressure,best-corrected visual acuity,and postoperative complications.Results:Dual capsular tension ring placement was performed in 20 patients with a mean age of 48.7 years.The cyclodialysis cleft extended over 2.9 clock hours(range 0.5-6.5).The modified capsular tension ring was successfully inserted into the ciliary sulcus and a capsular tension ring or modified capsular tension ring in the capsular bag in all eyes.At the last follow-up,the cyclodialysis cleft was closed in 16/20(80.0%)eyes.The intraocular lens was stable in all patients postoperatively.Best-corrected visual acuity,in terms of the logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution,improved from 1.3±0.8 before surgery to 0.4±0.3 after surgery(P<0.001).Intraocular pressure increased significantly from 10.6±3.2 mmHg before surgery to 13.0±4.8 mmHg after surgery(P=0.040).Postoperative complications included a painful reversible intraocular pressure spike in four patients(20.0%).Logistic regression revealed no significant factors associated with successful cleft closure and a stable final intraocular pressure of≥10 mmHg.Conclusions:The placement of two capsular tension rings into the ciliary sulcus and the capsular bag is a safe,successful procedure combined for repairing a traumatic cyclodialysis cleft and managing zonular dialysis.展开更多
High myopia has long been highly prevalent worldwide with a largely yet unexplained genetic contribution.To identify novel susceptibility genes for axial length(AL)in highly myopic eyes,a genome-wide association study...High myopia has long been highly prevalent worldwide with a largely yet unexplained genetic contribution.To identify novel susceptibility genes for axial length(AL)in highly myopic eyes,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)was performed using the genomic dataset of 350 deep whole-genome sequencing data from highly myopic patients.Top single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were functionally annotated.Immunofluorescence staining,quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and western blot were performed using neural retina of form-deprived myopic mice.Enrichment analyses were further performed.We identified the four top SNPs and found that ADAM Metallopeptidase With Thrombospondin Type 1 Motif 16(ADAMTS16)and Phosphatidylinositol Glycan Anchor Biosynthesis Class Z(PIGZ)had the potential of clinical signifi-cance.Animal experiments confirmed that PIGZ expression could be observed and showed higher expression level in form-deprived mice,especially in the ganglion cell layer.The messenger RNA(mRNA)levels of both ADAMTS16 and PIGZ were significantly higher in the neural retina of form-deprived eyes(p=0.005 and 0.007 respectively),and both proteins showed significantly upregulated expression in the neural retina of deprived eyes(p=0.004 and 0.042,respectively).Enrichment analysis revealed a significant role of cellular adhesion and signal transduction in AL,and also several AL-related pathways including circadian entrainment and inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential channels were proposed.In conclusion,the current study identified four novel SNPs associated with AL in highly myopic eyes and confirmed that the expression of ADAMTS16 and PIGZ was significantly upregulated in neural retina of deprived eyes.Enrichment analyses provided novel insight into the etiology of high myopia and opened avenues for future research interest.展开更多
Background:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of placing dual capsular tension rings for the combined management of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft and zonular dialysis.Methods:A modified capsular tension ring was inse...Background:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of placing dual capsular tension rings for the combined management of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft and zonular dialysis.Methods:A modified capsular tension ring was inserted into the ciliary sulcus and a capsular tension ring or modified capsular tension ring was inserted into the capsular bag in 20 eyes in 20 consecutive patients showing signs of ocular hypotony and ectopia lentis.Outcome measures included intraocular pressure,best-corrected visual acuity,and postoperative complications.Results:Dual capsular tension ring placement was performed in 20 patients with a mean age of 48.7 years.The cyclodialysis cleft extended over 2.9 clock hours(range 0.5-6.5).The modified capsular tension ring was successfully inserted into the ciliary sulcus and a capsular tension ring or modified capsular tension ring in the capsular bag in all eyes.At the last follow-up,the cyclodialysis cleft was closed in 16/20(80.0%)eyes.The intraocular lens was stable in all patients postoperatively.Best-corrected visual acuity,in terms of the logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution,improved from 1.3±0.8 before surgery to 0.4±0.3 after surgery(P<0.001).Intraocular pressure increased significantly from 10.6±3.2 mmHg before surgery to 13.0±4.8 mmHg after surgery(P=0.040).Postoperative complications included a painful reversible intraocular pressure spike in four patients(20.0%).Logistic regression revealed no significant factors associated with successful cleft closure and a stable final intraocular pressure of≥10 mmHg.Conclusions:The placement of two capsular tension rings into the ciliary sulcus and the capsular bag is a safe,successful procedure combined for repairing a traumatic cyclodialysis cleft and managing zonular dialysis.展开更多
Genetic alterations are a major cause of microphthalmos,while novel-related genes and mutations in microphthalmos have rarely been explored.To identify the underlying genetic defect responsible for microphthalmos eyes...Genetic alterations are a major cause of microphthalmos,while novel-related genes and mutations in microphthalmos have rarely been explored.To identify the underlying genetic defect responsible for microphthalmos eyes in two three-generation Chinese families,we screened 425 genes involved in common inherited non-syndromic eye diseases with next-generation sequencing-based target capture sequencing of the two probands of two three-generation Chinese families diagnosed with microphthalmos.Variants were filtered and analyzed to identify possible disease-causing variants before Sanger sequencing validation.We enrolled two families with microphthalmos(Family 1:microphthalmos with congenital ocular coloboma and Family 2:simple microphthalmos).Two novel heterozygous mutations,Peroxidasin(PXDN)c.3165C>T(p.Pro1055Pro)and PXDN c.2640C>G(p.Arg880Arg),were found in Family 1,and Crystallin Beta B2(CRYBB2)c.481G>A(p.Gly161Arg)was found in Family 2,but none of the mutations were found in the unaffected individuals,who were phenotypically nor-mal.Multiple orthologous sequence alignment(MSA)revealed that the CRYBB2 p.Gly161Arg mutation was a deleterious effect mutation.In conclusion,the three novel mutations found in our study extend our current understanding of the genetic basis of microphthalmos and provide early pre-symptomatic diagnosis and emphasize the significance of genetic diagnosis of microphthalmos.展开更多
The ocular biometry characteristics are clinically significant for children with unilateral congenital cataracts,but there is a lack of data analysis concerning the preoperative measurements.The axial length(AL),mean ...The ocular biometry characteristics are clinically significant for children with unilateral congenital cataracts,but there is a lack of data analysis concerning the preoperative measurements.The axial length(AL),mean keratometry(Km),cor-neal astigmatism(CA),and the anterior chamber depth(ACD)from both eyes before cataract surgery were obtained from 205 patients(410 eyes,3-15 years of age)with unilateral congenital cataracts.In the congenital cataract eyes,shorter AL(22.44±1.52 mm vs.22.57±1.04 mm,p=0.036)and higher CA(-1.89±0.91 D vs.-1.24±0.67 D,p<0.001)were found,and no significant difference was found in the Km and the ACD measurements compared to the contralateral normal eyes.Females had shorter AL and shallower ACD compared to males.However,the Km and CA in the females were significantly larger than that in males.Shorter AL,larger Km,higher CA,and shallower ACD were also found in females who had a binocular axial difference(the value obtained by subtraction of the contralateral normal eye from the congenital cataract eye)that less than zero.The preoperative ocular biometry of shorter AL,larger Km,higher CA,and shallower ACD should be considered in females with unilateral congenital cataracts.The age and the binocular axial differences had a statistically significant correlation(r=-0.192,p=0.006).Therefore,changes in the binocular axial differences associated with aging may enhance the guidelines for intraocular lens selection and the management of congenital cataracts.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.72304124]Spring Sunshine Collaborative Re‐search Project of the Ministry of Education in China[Grant No.202201660]+2 种基金Youth Project of Gansu Natural Science Foundation[Grant No.22JR5RA542]General Project of Gansu Philosophy and Social Science Foundation[Grant No.2022YB014]Fundamental Re‐search Funds for the Central Universities[Grant No.2023lzdxjb‐kyzx008].
文摘The central environmental protection inspection (CEPI) system in China is a significant institutional innova‐tion in national environmental governance. The CEPI applies a joint supervision strategy to address salient en‐vironmental issues and strictly enforce the environmental responsibilities of local governments. This study col‐lects and organizes CEPI inspection reports covering three stages that encompass the first round, the “look back”, and the second round, applying text analysis to obtain sample data and conduct statistical quantifica‐tion of word frequency in inspection reports and identify notable changes. The study explores the allocation of CEPI attention between policy objectives and the intensity of policy instruments. We determine that in con‐junction with public opinion feedback, the CEPI conducts targeted inspections and focuses more on pollutant governance, which has high severity and can be addressed quickly. The CEPI fills the gap of normalized gover‐nance with a campaign-style governance approach. Regarding the intensity of policy measures, the CEPI pri‐marily uses economic incentive policy instruments, supplemented by command-and-control and public guid‐ance approaches, advancing the sustainability of regulatory effectiveness through economic, social, and politi‐cal activities. This study extends knowledge in the field of CEPI policy priorities and implementation, expand‐ing the literature related to outcomes of environmental policy in developing countries.
基金funded by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017SHZDZX01).
文摘Retinal imaging is pivotal in the evaluation of ocular and systemic health,presenting significant promise for extensive popula-tion studies.However,the lack of standardized and automated techniques for extracting Imaging-Derived Phenotypes(IDPs)from retinal images is a major impediment.To counteract this challenge,the Chinese Human Phenome Project(CHPP)has developed a comprehensive protocol that includes Quality Control(QC),preprocessing,and automated or semi-automated extraction of IDPs from fundus photography and Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT)images.This protocol incorporates Artificial Intelligence(AI)-based methods to achieve accurate and efficient IDP extraction,facilitating standardized analysis of large-scale populations.We hope that this Standard Operating Procedure(SOP)guideline will impart valuable insights for ophthalmology-related disciplines and provides support for future research endeavors utilizing retinal imaging data.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.81770908)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC0116000)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(18411965200).
文摘Background:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of placing dual capsular tension rings for the combined management of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft and zonular dialysis.Methods:A modified capsular tension ring was inserted into the ciliary sulcus and a capsular tension ring or modified capsular tension ring was inserted into the capsular bag in 20 eyes in 20 consecutive patients showing signs of ocular hypotony and ectopia lentis.Outcome measures included intraocular pressure,best-corrected visual acuity,and postoperative complications.Results:Dual capsular tension ring placement was performed in 20 patients with a mean age of 48.7 years.The cyclodialysis cleft extended over 2.9 clock hours(range 0.5-6.5).The modified capsular tension ring was successfully inserted into the ciliary sulcus and a capsular tension ring or modified capsular tension ring in the capsular bag in all eyes.At the last follow-up,the cyclodialysis cleft was closed in 16/20(80.0%)eyes.The intraocular lens was stable in all patients postoperatively.Best-corrected visual acuity,in terms of the logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution,improved from 1.3±0.8 before surgery to 0.4±0.3 after surgery(P<0.001).Intraocular pressure increased significantly from 10.6±3.2 mmHg before surgery to 13.0±4.8 mmHg after surgery(P=0.040).Postoperative complications included a painful reversible intraocular pressure spike in four patients(20.0%).Logistic regression revealed no significant factors associated with successful cleft closure and a stable final intraocular pressure of≥10 mmHg.Conclusions:The placement of two capsular tension rings into the ciliary sulcus and the capsular bag is a safe,successful procedure combined for repairing a traumatic cyclodialysis cleft and managing zonular dialysis.
基金Funding was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,82122017:Xiangjia Zhu,81970780:Yi Lu,81870642:Xiangjia Zhu,81670835:Yi LuScience and Technology Innovation Plan of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,19441900700:Xiangjia Zhu,21S31904900:Xiangjia Zhu+3 种基金Shanghai Hospital Development Center,SHDC12019X08:Xiangjia ZhuShanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center,SHDC2020CR4078:Xiangjia ZhuDouble-E Plan of Eye&ENT Hospital,SYA202006:Xiangjia ZhuShanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty Program,shslczdzk01901:Xiangjia Zhu.
文摘High myopia has long been highly prevalent worldwide with a largely yet unexplained genetic contribution.To identify novel susceptibility genes for axial length(AL)in highly myopic eyes,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)was performed using the genomic dataset of 350 deep whole-genome sequencing data from highly myopic patients.Top single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were functionally annotated.Immunofluorescence staining,quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and western blot were performed using neural retina of form-deprived myopic mice.Enrichment analyses were further performed.We identified the four top SNPs and found that ADAM Metallopeptidase With Thrombospondin Type 1 Motif 16(ADAMTS16)and Phosphatidylinositol Glycan Anchor Biosynthesis Class Z(PIGZ)had the potential of clinical signifi-cance.Animal experiments confirmed that PIGZ expression could be observed and showed higher expression level in form-deprived mice,especially in the ganglion cell layer.The messenger RNA(mRNA)levels of both ADAMTS16 and PIGZ were significantly higher in the neural retina of form-deprived eyes(p=0.005 and 0.007 respectively),and both proteins showed significantly upregulated expression in the neural retina of deprived eyes(p=0.004 and 0.042,respectively).Enrichment analysis revealed a significant role of cellular adhesion and signal transduction in AL,and also several AL-related pathways including circadian entrainment and inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential channels were proposed.In conclusion,the current study identified four novel SNPs associated with AL in highly myopic eyes and confirmed that the expression of ADAMTS16 and PIGZ was significantly upregulated in neural retina of deprived eyes.Enrichment analyses provided novel insight into the etiology of high myopia and opened avenues for future research interest.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81770908)the National Key R&DProgram of China(Grant No.2018YFC0116000)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.18411965200).
文摘Background:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of placing dual capsular tension rings for the combined management of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft and zonular dialysis.Methods:A modified capsular tension ring was inserted into the ciliary sulcus and a capsular tension ring or modified capsular tension ring was inserted into the capsular bag in 20 eyes in 20 consecutive patients showing signs of ocular hypotony and ectopia lentis.Outcome measures included intraocular pressure,best-corrected visual acuity,and postoperative complications.Results:Dual capsular tension ring placement was performed in 20 patients with a mean age of 48.7 years.The cyclodialysis cleft extended over 2.9 clock hours(range 0.5-6.5).The modified capsular tension ring was successfully inserted into the ciliary sulcus and a capsular tension ring or modified capsular tension ring in the capsular bag in all eyes.At the last follow-up,the cyclodialysis cleft was closed in 16/20(80.0%)eyes.The intraocular lens was stable in all patients postoperatively.Best-corrected visual acuity,in terms of the logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution,improved from 1.3±0.8 before surgery to 0.4±0.3 after surgery(P<0.001).Intraocular pressure increased significantly from 10.6±3.2 mmHg before surgery to 13.0±4.8 mmHg after surgery(P=0.040).Postoperative complications included a painful reversible intraocular pressure spike in four patients(20.0%).Logistic regression revealed no significant factors associated with successful cleft closure and a stable final intraocular pressure of≥10 mmHg.Conclusions:The placement of two capsular tension rings into the ciliary sulcus and the capsular bag is a safe,successful procedure combined for repairing a traumatic cyclodialysis cleft and managing zonular dialysis.
基金This study was supported by grants for Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 81670835 and NSFC 81600719)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(11231200602)the Visual Impairment and Reconstruction Key Laboratory of Shanghai(12DZ2260500).
文摘Genetic alterations are a major cause of microphthalmos,while novel-related genes and mutations in microphthalmos have rarely been explored.To identify the underlying genetic defect responsible for microphthalmos eyes in two three-generation Chinese families,we screened 425 genes involved in common inherited non-syndromic eye diseases with next-generation sequencing-based target capture sequencing of the two probands of two three-generation Chinese families diagnosed with microphthalmos.Variants were filtered and analyzed to identify possible disease-causing variants before Sanger sequencing validation.We enrolled two families with microphthalmos(Family 1:microphthalmos with congenital ocular coloboma and Family 2:simple microphthalmos).Two novel heterozygous mutations,Peroxidasin(PXDN)c.3165C>T(p.Pro1055Pro)and PXDN c.2640C>G(p.Arg880Arg),were found in Family 1,and Crystallin Beta B2(CRYBB2)c.481G>A(p.Gly161Arg)was found in Family 2,but none of the mutations were found in the unaffected individuals,who were phenotypically nor-mal.Multiple orthologous sequence alignment(MSA)revealed that the CRYBB2 p.Gly161Arg mutation was a deleterious effect mutation.In conclusion,the three novel mutations found in our study extend our current understanding of the genetic basis of microphthalmos and provide early pre-symptomatic diagnosis and emphasize the significance of genetic diagnosis of microphthalmos.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 81870642,NSFC 81470613,NSFC 81670835,and NSFC 81600719)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(11231200602)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration(12DZ2260500).
文摘The ocular biometry characteristics are clinically significant for children with unilateral congenital cataracts,but there is a lack of data analysis concerning the preoperative measurements.The axial length(AL),mean keratometry(Km),cor-neal astigmatism(CA),and the anterior chamber depth(ACD)from both eyes before cataract surgery were obtained from 205 patients(410 eyes,3-15 years of age)with unilateral congenital cataracts.In the congenital cataract eyes,shorter AL(22.44±1.52 mm vs.22.57±1.04 mm,p=0.036)and higher CA(-1.89±0.91 D vs.-1.24±0.67 D,p<0.001)were found,and no significant difference was found in the Km and the ACD measurements compared to the contralateral normal eyes.Females had shorter AL and shallower ACD compared to males.However,the Km and CA in the females were significantly larger than that in males.Shorter AL,larger Km,higher CA,and shallower ACD were also found in females who had a binocular axial difference(the value obtained by subtraction of the contralateral normal eye from the congenital cataract eye)that less than zero.The preoperative ocular biometry of shorter AL,larger Km,higher CA,and shallower ACD should be considered in females with unilateral congenital cataracts.The age and the binocular axial differences had a statistically significant correlation(r=-0.192,p=0.006).Therefore,changes in the binocular axial differences associated with aging may enhance the guidelines for intraocular lens selection and the management of congenital cataracts.
