Dear Editor,Stress granules(SGs)are dynamic membraneless RNAprotein aggregates or organelles that are formed in response to various cellular stresses and disassemble rapidly with the decay of stresses[1].Under stressf...Dear Editor,Stress granules(SGs)are dynamic membraneless RNAprotein aggregates or organelles that are formed in response to various cellular stresses and disassemble rapidly with the decay of stresses[1].Under stressful conditions,protein translation is often inhibited suddenly.The resulting untranslated messenger ribonucleoproteins interact with the so-called"nucleator proteins"(such as G3BP1/2 and TIA1)to form the core structure of SGs,which then grow or merge into mature SGs by sequestering untranslated mRNAs and misfolded proteins[2,3].展开更多
S100 proteins govern cellular proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,calcium homeostasis,energy metabolism,and inflammation.This heterodimeric calcium-binding protein,consisting of the S100A8 and S100A9 subunits,modu...S100 proteins govern cellular proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,calcium homeostasis,energy metabolism,and inflammation.This heterodimeric calcium-binding protein,consisting of the S100A8 and S100A9 subunits,modulates myeloid cell development.展开更多
The aim of this work is to discover the inhibitory mechanism of tea peptides and to analyse the affinities between the peptides and the angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)as well as the stability of the complexes using...The aim of this work is to discover the inhibitory mechanism of tea peptides and to analyse the affinities between the peptides and the angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)as well as the stability of the complexes using in vitro and in silico methods.Four peptide sequences identified from tea,namely peptides I,II,III,and IV,were used to examine ACE inhibition and kinetics.The half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))values of the four peptides were(210.03±18.29),(178.91±5.18),(196.31±2.87),and(121.11±3.38)μmol/L,respectively.The results of Lineweaver-Burk plots showed that peptides I,II,and IV inhibited ACE activity in an uncompetitive manner,which requires the presence of substrate.Peptide III inhibited ACE in a noncompetitive manner,for which the presence of substrate is not necessary.The docking simulations showed that the four peptides did not bind to the active sites of ACE,indicating that the four peptides are allosteric inhibitors.The binding free energies calculated from molecular dynamic(MD)simulation were-72.47,-42.20,-52.10,and-67.14 kcal/mol(1 kcal=4.186 kJ),r espectively.The lower IC_(50)value of peptide IV may be attributed to its stability when docking with ACE and changes in the flexibility and unfolding of ACE.These four bioactive peptides with ACE inhibitory ability can be incorporated into novel functional ingredients of black tea.展开更多
The widespread application of large language models(LLMs)has highlighted new security challenges and ethical concerns,attracting significant academic and societal attention.Analysis of the security vulnerabilities of ...The widespread application of large language models(LLMs)has highlighted new security challenges and ethical concerns,attracting significant academic and societal attention.Analysis of the security vulnerabilities of LLMs and their misuse in cybercrime reveals that their advanced text-generation capabilities pose serious threats to personal privacy,data security,and information integrity.In addition,the effectiveness of current LLM-based defense strategies has been reviewed and evaluated.This paper examines the social implications of LLMs and proposes future directions for enhancing their security applications and ethical governance,aiming to inform the development of the field.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32394032 and 82371402)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China(GZC20242295)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2025SF-YBXM-393)the Military Medical Promoting Project of FMMU(2021JSTS27).
文摘Dear Editor,Stress granules(SGs)are dynamic membraneless RNAprotein aggregates or organelles that are formed in response to various cellular stresses and disassemble rapidly with the decay of stresses[1].Under stressful conditions,protein translation is often inhibited suddenly.The resulting untranslated messenger ribonucleoproteins interact with the so-called"nucleator proteins"(such as G3BP1/2 and TIA1)to form the core structure of SGs,which then grow or merge into mature SGs by sequestering untranslated mRNAs and misfolded proteins[2,3].
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82170160 and 32000604)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(Grant Nos.2021JJ30163 and 2022JJ20021)+3 种基金the Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.kq2007053)the Global Research Award from American Society of Hematology to Y.Mpartially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82470145)Mount Taishan Scholar Young Expert of Shandong Province(Grant No.tsqn202103167)to S.X。
文摘S100 proteins govern cellular proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,calcium homeostasis,energy metabolism,and inflammation.This heterodimeric calcium-binding protein,consisting of the S100A8 and S100A9 subunits,modulates myeloid cell development.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFD0200900)the Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(No.2016C02053-8),China。
文摘The aim of this work is to discover the inhibitory mechanism of tea peptides and to analyse the affinities between the peptides and the angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)as well as the stability of the complexes using in vitro and in silico methods.Four peptide sequences identified from tea,namely peptides I,II,III,and IV,were used to examine ACE inhibition and kinetics.The half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))values of the four peptides were(210.03±18.29),(178.91±5.18),(196.31±2.87),and(121.11±3.38)μmol/L,respectively.The results of Lineweaver-Burk plots showed that peptides I,II,and IV inhibited ACE activity in an uncompetitive manner,which requires the presence of substrate.Peptide III inhibited ACE in a noncompetitive manner,for which the presence of substrate is not necessary.The docking simulations showed that the four peptides did not bind to the active sites of ACE,indicating that the four peptides are allosteric inhibitors.The binding free energies calculated from molecular dynamic(MD)simulation were-72.47,-42.20,-52.10,and-67.14 kcal/mol(1 kcal=4.186 kJ),r espectively.The lower IC_(50)value of peptide IV may be attributed to its stability when docking with ACE and changes in the flexibility and unfolding of ACE.These four bioactive peptides with ACE inhibitory ability can be incorporated into novel functional ingredients of black tea.
基金Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health,Peking University,China.
文摘The widespread application of large language models(LLMs)has highlighted new security challenges and ethical concerns,attracting significant academic and societal attention.Analysis of the security vulnerabilities of LLMs and their misuse in cybercrime reveals that their advanced text-generation capabilities pose serious threats to personal privacy,data security,and information integrity.In addition,the effectiveness of current LLM-based defense strategies has been reviewed and evaluated.This paper examines the social implications of LLMs and proposes future directions for enhancing their security applications and ethical governance,aiming to inform the development of the field.
