The agro-pastoral ecotone epitomizes the ecologically fragile semi-arid zone,where the soil microbiomes play a pivotal role in regulating its multifunctionality.However,whether and how changes in soil structure and or...The agro-pastoral ecotone epitomizes the ecologically fragile semi-arid zone,where the soil microbiomes play a pivotal role in regulating its multifunctionality.However,whether and how changes in soil structure and organic matter composition under different land uses affect microbial community structure remain unclear.Here,land-use types in the agro-pastoral ecotone,including shrubland(BF),artificial grassland(ArG),abandoned grassland(AbG),and maize farmland(MA),were chosen to explore the response relationships between soil microbial communities and the aggregates and dissolved organic matter(DOM)composition.The results showed that compared to MA,the macroaggregates in BF,AbG,and ArG were increased by 123.0,92.79,and 63.71%,respectively,while MA soil had the greatest abundance of<100μm particles.The higher aromatic carbon with high aromaticity and molecular weight in BF soil DOM contributed to its highest mineral-associated organic carbon level(12.61 g kg^(-1)),while MA soil organic carbon had highly efficient decomposition due to its high content of aliphatic and carboxy carbon,so it is prone to loss from the active carbon pools.The transition in land use from shrubland to grassland and farmland has facilitated the conversion of stable aromatic carbon to unstable carboxy carbon.The taxonomic analysis revealed that soil bacterial and fungal communities in the four land uses were dominated by Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Chloroflexi,and Ascomycota.More taxonomic groups from phylum to family were enriched in BF soil.The DOM components and organic carbon are crucial variables shaping the composition of soil bacterial communities,jointly explaining 61.66% of the variance,while aggregates are important variables driving the composition of fungal communities,with an explanation rate of 20.49%.Our results suggest that DOM components and aggregates impact the soil microbial structure;and the transition in land use from agricultural land to grassland and shrubland in the agro-pastoral ecotone enhances aggregate stability,carbon sequestration potential,and microbial diversity.展开更多
The movement of pedestrians involves temporal continuity,spatial interactivity,and random diversity.As a result,pedestrian trajectory prediction is rather challenging.Most existing trajectory prediction methods tend t...The movement of pedestrians involves temporal continuity,spatial interactivity,and random diversity.As a result,pedestrian trajectory prediction is rather challenging.Most existing trajectory prediction methods tend to focus on just one aspect of these challenges,ignoring the temporal information of the trajectory and making too many assumptions.In this paper,we propose a recurrent attention and interaction(RAI)model to predict pedestrian trajectories.The RAI model consists of a temporal attention module,spatial pooling module,and randomness modeling module.The temporal attention module is proposed to assign different weights to the input sequence of a target,and reduce the speed deviation of different pedestrians.The spatial pooling module is proposed to model not only the social information of neighbors in historical frames,but also the intention of neighbors in the current time.The randomness modeling module is proposed to model the uncertainty and diversity of trajectories by introducing random noise.We conduct extensive experiments on several public datasets.The results demonstrate that our method outperforms many that are state-ofthe-art.展开更多
Semantic Communication(SC)has emerged as a novel communication paradigm that provides a receiver with meaningful information extracted from the source to maximize information transmission throughput in wireless networ...Semantic Communication(SC)has emerged as a novel communication paradigm that provides a receiver with meaningful information extracted from the source to maximize information transmission throughput in wireless networks,beyond the theoretical capacity limit.Despite the extensive research on SC,there is a lack of comprehensive survey on technologies,solutions,applications,and challenges for SC.In this article,the development of SC is first reviewed and its characteristics,architecture,and advantages are summarized.Next,key technologies such as semantic extraction,semantic encoding,and semantic segmentation are discussed and their corresponding solutions in terms of efficiency,robustness,adaptability,and reliability are summarized.Applications of SC to UAV communication,remote image sensing and fusion,intelligent transportation,and healthcare are also presented and their strategies are summarized.Finally,some challenges and future research directions are presented to provide guidance for further research of SC.展开更多
A new air exchange rate （AER） monitoring method using continuous CO2 sensors was developed and validated through both laboratory experiments and field studies. Controlled laboratory simulation tests were conducted i...A new air exchange rate （AER） monitoring method using continuous CO2 sensors was developed and validated through both laboratory experiments and field studies. Controlled laboratory simulation tests were conducted in a 1-m3 environmental chamber at different AERs （0.1-10.0 hr-1）. AERs were determined using the decay method based on box model assumptions. Field tests were conducted in classrooms, dormitories, meeting rooms and apartments during 2-5 weekdays using CO2 sensors coupled with data loggers. Indoor temperature, relative humidity （RH）, and CO2 concentrations were continuously monitored while outdoor parameters combined with on-site climate conditions were recorded. Statistical results indicated that good laboratory performance was achieved： duplicate precision was within 10%, and the measured AERs were 90%-120% of the real AERs. Average AERs were 1.22, 1.37, 1.10, 1.91 and 0.73 hr-l in dormitories, air-conditioned classrooms, classrooms with an air circulation cooling system, reading rooms, and meeting rooms, respectively. In an elderly particulate matter exposure study, all the homes had AER values ranging from 0.29 to 3.46 hr-1 in fall, and 0.12 to 1.39 hr-1 in winter with a median AER of 1.15.展开更多
Chloride solid electrolytes possess multiple advantages for the construction of safe,energy-dense allsolid-state sodium batteries,but presently the chlorides with sufficiently high cost-competitiveness for commerciali...Chloride solid electrolytes possess multiple advantages for the construction of safe,energy-dense allsolid-state sodium batteries,but presently the chlorides with sufficiently high cost-competitiveness for commercialization almost all exhibit low Na-ion conductivities of around 10^(-5)S cm^(-1)or lower.Here,we report a chloride solid electrolyte,Na_(2.7)ZFCl_(5.3)O_(0.7),which reaches a Na-ion conductivity of 2.29×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)at 25℃without involving overly expensive raw materials such as rare-earth chlorides or Na_(2)S.In addition to the efficient ion transport,Na_(2.7)ZrCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)also shows an excellent deformability surpassing that of the widely studied Na_(3)PS_(4),Na_(3)SbS_(4),and Na_(2)ZrCl_(6)solid electrolytes.The combination of these advantages allows the all-solid-state cell based on Na_(2.7)ZrCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)and NaCrO_(2)to realize stable room-temperature cycling at a much higher specific current than those based on other non-viscoelastic chloride solid electrolytes in literature(120 mA g^(-1)vs.12-55 mA g^(-1));after 100 cycles at such a high rate,the Na_(2.7)ZFCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)-based cell can still deliver a discharge capacity of 80 mAh g^(-1)at25℃.展开更多
[ Objective ] This study aimed to analyze the inheritance of bolting associated traits in Brassica rapa, which will provide useful information in a breeding program for late-bolting or bolting-resistant cultivars of C...[ Objective ] This study aimed to analyze the inheritance of bolting associated traits in Brassica rapa, which will provide useful information in a breeding program for late-bolting or bolting-resistant cultivars of Chinese cabbage. [ Method] Three phenotypic measurements, bolting index, flowering time, days to 5 cm elongated stalk, respectively were used for inheritance analysis of six generations, P, （bolting resistant inbreed line ）, P2 （vernalization independent type） and their filial generations F1 , B1, B2 and F2, using the mixed major-gene plus polygene inheritance model. [ Result] The two traits, bolting index and days to 5 cm elongated stalk, both were controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects （ B-1 model） in hybrid. The flowering time was controlled by one major gene with addltive-dominant effects plus additive-dominant-epistatic effects （D model）. The heritability of the major genes in B1, B2 and F2 were 96.22%, 93.33%, 93.55% for bolting index, 70.68%, 70.68%, 70.64% for flowering time, 79.44%, 79.55%, 79.38% for days to 5-cm elongated stalk, respectively, but no polygene heritability was detected in BI, B2 and F2 generation. It indicated that the bolting trait in Brassica rapa was controlled by one or tow major genes. [ Conclusion] This implied that in the genetic improvement for bolting resistant trait major gene was a main factor. It is fit for early selection and environment factor should be mentioned.展开更多
A copper-catalyzed three-component reaction of alkenes,cycloketone oximes and DABCO·(SO_(2))_(2) is de-veloped,which provides a convenient route for the synthesis of diverse(E)-cyanoalkylsulfonyl alkenes in moder...A copper-catalyzed three-component reaction of alkenes,cycloketone oximes and DABCO·(SO_(2))_(2) is de-veloped,which provides a convenient route for the synthesis of diverse(E)-cyanoalkylsulfonyl alkenes in moderate to good yields with excellent regio-and stereoselectivity.A broad substrate scope with ex-cellent functional group tolerance is observed.A plausible radical pathway is proposed,which involves copper-catalyzed ring-opening C–C bond cleavage of O-acyl oxime and insertion of sulfur dioxide.During the reaction process,cyanoalkyl radical and cyanoalkylsulfonyl radical are the key intermediates.展开更多
Weather conditions play a pivotal role in embryo development and parental incubation costs,potentially impacting the clutch size and incubation behavior of birds.Understanding these effects is crucial for bird conserv...Weather conditions play a pivotal role in embryo development and parental incubation costs,potentially impacting the clutch size and incubation behavior of birds.Understanding these effects is crucial for bird conservation.Reeves’ s Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii) is a threatened species endemic to China,which is characterized by female-only incubation.However,there is a lack of information regarding the impact of weather conditions on clutch size and incubation behavior in this species.Using satellite tracking,we tracked 27 wild female Reeves’ s Pheasants from 2020 to 2023 in Hubei Province,China.We explored their clutch size and incubation behavior,as well as their responses to ambient temperature and precipitation.Clutch size averaged 7.75 ±1.36,had an association with average ambient temperature and average daily precipitation during the egglaying period,and was potentially linked to female breeding attempts.Throughout the incubation period,females took an average of 0.73 ±0.46 recesses every 24 h,with an average recess duration of 100.80 ±73.37 min and an average nest attendance of 92.98 ±5.27%.They showed a unimodal recess pattern in which nest departures peaked primarily between 13:00 and 16:00.Furthermore,females rarely left nests when daily precipitation was high.Recess duration and nest attendance were influenced by the interaction between daily mean ambient temperature and daily precipitation,as well as day of incubation.Additionally,there was a positive correlation between clutch size and recess duration.These results contribute valuable insights into the lifehistory features of this endangered species.展开更多
An F2 population, derived from a cross between the vernalization independent genotype ＇ RcBr＇ and the vernalization dependent genotype＇08A061 ＇ , was developed to eonstruet a linkage map with 165 SSR and InDel mar...An F2 population, derived from a cross between the vernalization independent genotype ＇ RcBr＇ and the vernalization dependent genotype＇08A061 ＇ , was developed to eonstruet a linkage map with 165 SSR and InDel markers. QTL analysis was performed by two phenotypie evaluation （ days to 5 em elongate stalk and flowering time） based on the difference in F2：3 families under vernalization and no vernalization. The results showed that the vernalization requirement was reeessive in Brassica rapa. Seven QTLs that controlled vernalization requirement were detected on A02 and A06 linkage groups, which explained phenotypic variation ranging from 0.08% to 22.52%. Two QTLs （ VR-DE01, VR-b391 ） were detected on the top of A02, which explained 22.52% and 14. 54% of the phenotypic variation, respectively, and closely linked with BrFLC2 gene. Two QTLs （VR-DE03, VR-DE04） were deteeted on A06 with 13.30% and 13.64% of phenotypie variation. These detected QTLs will provide useful information on understanding the genetic basis between vernalization requirement and bolting, and that will be useful for marker-assisted selection （MAS） in a breeding program for bolting resistant eultivars.展开更多
Subcellular inter-organellar crosstalk among lysosome,endoplasmic reticulum(ER),and mitochondrion is crucial for cancer cell survival and is a promising target in cancer treatment;however,efficiently disrupting these ...Subcellular inter-organellar crosstalk among lysosome,endoplasmic reticulum(ER),and mitochondrion is crucial for cancer cell survival and is a promising target in cancer treatment;however,efficiently disrupting these interactive networks is challenging.Herein,a communication interception strategy is presented,which specifically disrupts inter-organellar crosstalk by lysosomal contents leakage along with their trajectory and pre-activates autophagic flux to augment the lysosome-associated autophagy blocking for preventing the self-repair of this subcellular disorder.Briefly,fullerenols containing multiple hydroxyl groups(MF)tear the lysosomal phospholipid membrane through direct interaction,which causes lysosomal contents(calcium ions and cathepsins)to leak into the cytoplasm,subsequently leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction with redox imbalance and metabolic reprogramming.mTOR inhibitors activate and amplify autophagy,then impaired lysosomes prevent their fusion with autophagosome,and thus autophagy is paralyzed along with autolysosome accumulation.Consequently,the cellular homeostasis is compromised by destroyed inter-organellar networks without self-repair by autophagy,thereby triggering PANoptotic processes and leading to a remarkable anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo.This strategy demonstrates the selective cytotoxicity of non-toxic nanomaterials that interfere with subcellular inter-organellar crosstalk,offering a novel method for designing tumor therapies.展开更多
Cancer stem cells(CSCs)exhibit highly aggressive and metastatic features and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)expression varies among non-small cell lung cancers(NSCLCs),and th...Cancer stem cells(CSCs)exhibit highly aggressive and metastatic features and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)expression varies among non-small cell lung cancers(NSCLCs),and the mechanisms that support abnormal AhR expression in CSCs remain elusive.Here,we identified ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L3(UCHL3),a DUB enzyme in the UCH protease family,as a bona fide deubiquitylase of the AhR in NSCLC.UCHL3 was shown to interact with,deubiquitylate,and stabilize AhR in a manner dependent on its deubiquitylation activity.Moreover,we showed that UCHL3 promotes the stem-like characteristics and potent tumorigenic capacity of NSCLC cells.UCHL3 increased AhR stability and the binding of AhR to the promoter regions of the“stemness”genes ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2(ABCG2),KLF4,and c-Myc.Depletion of UCHL3 markedly downregulated the“stemness”genes ABCG2,KLF4,and c-Myc,leading to the loss of selfrenewal and tumorigenesis in NSCLCs.Furthermore,the UCHL3 inhibitor TCID induced AhR degradation and exhibited significantly attenuated efficacy in NSCLC cells with stem cell-like properties.Additionally,UCHL3 was shown to indicate poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.In general,our results reveal that the UCHL3 deubiquitylase is pivotal for AhR protein stability and a potential target for NSCLC-targeted therapy.展开更多
Extra-pair paternity(EPP)benefits to improve the reproductive success via extra-pair fertilizations without the costs of parental care in males and through improved offspring quality with additional food and parental c...Extra-pair paternity(EPP)benefits to improve the reproductive success via extra-pair fertilizations without the costs of parental care in males and through improved offspring quality with additional food and parental care in females among species of birds.Variations in the EPP appear to link to behavioral and ecological factors and sexual selection.According to the“relationship intelligence hypothesis”,the cognitive abilities of the birds play an important role in maintaining long-term relationships.Here,we undertook thefirst comparative test of the relationships between extra-pair paternity and brain size,testis size,and life histories among 315 species of birds using phylogenetically controlled comparative analyses and path analysis.After controlling for the effects of shared ancestry and body mass,the frequency of EPP was negatively correlated with relative brain size,but positively with testis size across species of birds.However,the frequency of EPP was not linked to life-history traits(e.g.incubation period,fledging period,clutch size,egg mass,and longevity).Ourfindings suggest that large-brained birds associated with enhanced cognitive abilities are more inclined to maintain long-term stable relationships with their mates and to mutualism with them than to increase the frequency of EPP.展开更多
Objectives:Peach(Prunus persica L.)is an ancient fruit tree that originated from China.It is the climacteric fruit belonging to genus Prunus in family Rosaceae.Ethylene,which is produced during ripening,accelerates fr...Objectives:Peach(Prunus persica L.)is an ancient fruit tree that originated from China.It is the climacteric fruit belonging to genus Prunus in family Rosaceae.Ethylene,which is produced during ripening,accelerates fruit softening,and therefore peaches cannot be stored for a long time.Materials and Methods:To study the mechanism of fruit late ripening,transcriptome analysis of the fruit of a late-ripening mutant of'Jinghong'peach was performed to identify genes and pathways involved in fruit late ripening.Results:A total of 1805,1511,and 2309 genes were found to be differentially expressed in W2_vs_M1,W3_vs_M2,and W3_vs_M3,respectively.Functional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed they were related to carotenoid biosynthesis,starch and sucrose metabolism plant hormone signal transduction,flavonoid biosynthesis,and photosynthesis.The expression trends of ripening-related genes that encode transcription factors and plant hormone signal transduction-related genes that encode enzymes were similar.Conclusions:It will help to elucidate the transcriptional regulatory network of fruit development in the spontaneous late-ripening mutant of‘Jinghong’peach and provide a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of fruit ripening.展开更多
Amphiphilic aminated fullerenes have a broad margin of safety and significant antitumor effects.Herein,we develop a simple and versatile synthesis strategy for tetraamino-[60]fullerene epoxide(C_(60)(NR^(1)R^(2))_(4)O...Amphiphilic aminated fullerenes have a broad margin of safety and significant antitumor effects.Herein,we develop a simple and versatile synthesis strategy for tetraamino-[60]fullerene epoxide(C_(60)(NR^(1)R^(2))_(4)O)using C_(60)Cl_(6)as a precursor,which notably reduces the reaction time to less than 1 h while retaining a high yield of over 80%with both cyclic and linear secondary amine substrates even at the gram level.The molecular structure of C_(60)(NR^(1)R^(2))_(4)O is first validated by single-crystal diffraction,and a two-step reaction mechanism comprising nucleophilic substitution of Cl and the oxidative elimination of Cl_(2)is proposed based on experimental verification and density functional theory simulation.A set of water-soluble aminated C_(60)(NR^(1)R^(2))_(4)O was prepared in large quantities,and in vitro antitumor evaluation unveiled the critical role that terminal primary amino moieties of C_(60)(NR^(1)R^(2))_(4)O play in their antineoplastic effects.This work provides an effective synthesis method for aminated C_(60)(NR^(1)R^(2))_(4)O,facilitating the development of fullerene-derived tumor-targeted drugs.展开更多
基金funded by the Inner Mongolia Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects,China(2021GG0393)。
文摘The agro-pastoral ecotone epitomizes the ecologically fragile semi-arid zone,where the soil microbiomes play a pivotal role in regulating its multifunctionality.However,whether and how changes in soil structure and organic matter composition under different land uses affect microbial community structure remain unclear.Here,land-use types in the agro-pastoral ecotone,including shrubland(BF),artificial grassland(ArG),abandoned grassland(AbG),and maize farmland(MA),were chosen to explore the response relationships between soil microbial communities and the aggregates and dissolved organic matter(DOM)composition.The results showed that compared to MA,the macroaggregates in BF,AbG,and ArG were increased by 123.0,92.79,and 63.71%,respectively,while MA soil had the greatest abundance of<100μm particles.The higher aromatic carbon with high aromaticity and molecular weight in BF soil DOM contributed to its highest mineral-associated organic carbon level(12.61 g kg^(-1)),while MA soil organic carbon had highly efficient decomposition due to its high content of aliphatic and carboxy carbon,so it is prone to loss from the active carbon pools.The transition in land use from shrubland to grassland and farmland has facilitated the conversion of stable aromatic carbon to unstable carboxy carbon.The taxonomic analysis revealed that soil bacterial and fungal communities in the four land uses were dominated by Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Chloroflexi,and Ascomycota.More taxonomic groups from phylum to family were enriched in BF soil.The DOM components and organic carbon are crucial variables shaping the composition of soil bacterial communities,jointly explaining 61.66% of the variance,while aggregates are important variables driving the composition of fungal communities,with an explanation rate of 20.49%.Our results suggest that DOM components and aggregates impact the soil microbial structure;and the transition in land use from agricultural land to grassland and shrubland in the agro-pastoral ecotone enhances aggregate stability,carbon sequestration potential,and microbial diversity.
基金supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(U1811463)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(12060093192)。
文摘The movement of pedestrians involves temporal continuity,spatial interactivity,and random diversity.As a result,pedestrian trajectory prediction is rather challenging.Most existing trajectory prediction methods tend to focus on just one aspect of these challenges,ignoring the temporal information of the trajectory and making too many assumptions.In this paper,we propose a recurrent attention and interaction(RAI)model to predict pedestrian trajectories.The RAI model consists of a temporal attention module,spatial pooling module,and randomness modeling module.The temporal attention module is proposed to assign different weights to the input sequence of a target,and reduce the speed deviation of different pedestrians.The spatial pooling module is proposed to model not only the social information of neighbors in historical frames,but also the intention of neighbors in the current time.The randomness modeling module is proposed to model the uncertainty and diversity of trajectories by introducing random noise.We conduct extensive experiments on several public datasets.The results demonstrate that our method outperforms many that are state-ofthe-art.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61971084,62025105,62001073,62272075the National Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing under Grants cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0039,cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0031+1 种基金the Science and Technology Research Program for Chongqing Municipal Education Commission KJZD-M202200601the Support Program for Overseas Students to Return to China for Entrepreneurship and Innovation under Grants cx2021003,cx2021053.
文摘Semantic Communication(SC)has emerged as a novel communication paradigm that provides a receiver with meaningful information extracted from the source to maximize information transmission throughput in wireless networks,beyond the theoretical capacity limit.Despite the extensive research on SC,there is a lack of comprehensive survey on technologies,solutions,applications,and challenges for SC.In this article,the development of SC is first reviewed and its characteristics,architecture,and advantages are summarized.Next,key technologies such as semantic extraction,semantic encoding,and semantic segmentation are discussed and their corresponding solutions in terms of efficiency,robustness,adaptability,and reliability are summarized.Applications of SC to UAV communication,remote image sensing and fusion,intelligent transportation,and healthcare are also presented and their strategies are summarized.Finally,some challenges and future research directions are presented to provide guidance for further research of SC.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Projects for State Environmental Protection and Commonweal (No. 200709048)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20977054/B070704)+1 种基金the Innovation Fund of Nankai UniversityJoint Research Grant to Both Nankai University and Tianjin University sponsored by the Ministry of Education,China
文摘A new air exchange rate （AER） monitoring method using continuous CO2 sensors was developed and validated through both laboratory experiments and field studies. Controlled laboratory simulation tests were conducted in a 1-m3 environmental chamber at different AERs （0.1-10.0 hr-1）. AERs were determined using the decay method based on box model assumptions. Field tests were conducted in classrooms, dormitories, meeting rooms and apartments during 2-5 weekdays using CO2 sensors coupled with data loggers. Indoor temperature, relative humidity （RH）, and CO2 concentrations were continuously monitored while outdoor parameters combined with on-site climate conditions were recorded. Statistical results indicated that good laboratory performance was achieved： duplicate precision was within 10%, and the measured AERs were 90%-120% of the real AERs. Average AERs were 1.22, 1.37, 1.10, 1.91 and 0.73 hr-l in dormitories, air-conditioned classrooms, classrooms with an air circulation cooling system, reading rooms, and meeting rooms, respectively. In an elderly particulate matter exposure study, all the homes had AER values ranging from 0.29 to 3.46 hr-1 in fall, and 0.12 to 1.39 hr-1 in winter with a median AER of 1.15.
基金the financial support from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0450201)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0209600)+2 种基金USTC Research Funds of the Double FirstClass Initiative(YD2060002033)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2060000060)the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory(KY2060000199)。
文摘Chloride solid electrolytes possess multiple advantages for the construction of safe,energy-dense allsolid-state sodium batteries,but presently the chlorides with sufficiently high cost-competitiveness for commercialization almost all exhibit low Na-ion conductivities of around 10^(-5)S cm^(-1)or lower.Here,we report a chloride solid electrolyte,Na_(2.7)ZFCl_(5.3)O_(0.7),which reaches a Na-ion conductivity of 2.29×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)at 25℃without involving overly expensive raw materials such as rare-earth chlorides or Na_(2)S.In addition to the efficient ion transport,Na_(2.7)ZrCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)also shows an excellent deformability surpassing that of the widely studied Na_(3)PS_(4),Na_(3)SbS_(4),and Na_(2)ZrCl_(6)solid electrolytes.The combination of these advantages allows the all-solid-state cell based on Na_(2.7)ZrCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)and NaCrO_(2)to realize stable room-temperature cycling at a much higher specific current than those based on other non-viscoelastic chloride solid electrolytes in literature(120 mA g^(-1)vs.12-55 mA g^(-1));after 100 cycles at such a high rate,the Na_(2.7)ZFCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)-based cell can still deliver a discharge capacity of 80 mAh g^(-1)at25℃.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30900981)the Scientific Research Fund for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Ministry Education of China(2010-1561)
文摘[ Objective ] This study aimed to analyze the inheritance of bolting associated traits in Brassica rapa, which will provide useful information in a breeding program for late-bolting or bolting-resistant cultivars of Chinese cabbage. [ Method] Three phenotypic measurements, bolting index, flowering time, days to 5 cm elongated stalk, respectively were used for inheritance analysis of six generations, P, （bolting resistant inbreed line ）, P2 （vernalization independent type） and their filial generations F1 , B1, B2 and F2, using the mixed major-gene plus polygene inheritance model. [ Result] The two traits, bolting index and days to 5 cm elongated stalk, both were controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects （ B-1 model） in hybrid. The flowering time was controlled by one major gene with addltive-dominant effects plus additive-dominant-epistatic effects （D model）. The heritability of the major genes in B1, B2 and F2 were 96.22%, 93.33%, 93.55% for bolting index, 70.68%, 70.68%, 70.64% for flowering time, 79.44%, 79.55%, 79.38% for days to 5-cm elongated stalk, respectively, but no polygene heritability was detected in BI, B2 and F2 generation. It indicated that the bolting trait in Brassica rapa was controlled by one or tow major genes. [ Conclusion] This implied that in the genetic improvement for bolting resistant trait major gene was a main factor. It is fit for early selection and environment factor should be mentioned.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21871053)the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang (No. 2019R01005)the Open Research Fund of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (No. 2020ZD04) is gratefully acknowledged
文摘A copper-catalyzed three-component reaction of alkenes,cycloketone oximes and DABCO·(SO_(2))_(2) is de-veloped,which provides a convenient route for the synthesis of diverse(E)-cyanoalkylsulfonyl alkenes in moderate to good yields with excellent regio-and stereoselectivity.A broad substrate scope with ex-cellent functional group tolerance is observed.A plausible radical pathway is proposed,which involves copper-catalyzed ring-opening C–C bond cleavage of O-acyl oxime and insertion of sulfur dioxide.During the reaction process,cyanoalkyl radical and cyanoalkylsulfonyl radical are the key intermediates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 31872240)。
文摘Weather conditions play a pivotal role in embryo development and parental incubation costs,potentially impacting the clutch size and incubation behavior of birds.Understanding these effects is crucial for bird conservation.Reeves’ s Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii) is a threatened species endemic to China,which is characterized by female-only incubation.However,there is a lack of information regarding the impact of weather conditions on clutch size and incubation behavior in this species.Using satellite tracking,we tracked 27 wild female Reeves’ s Pheasants from 2020 to 2023 in Hubei Province,China.We explored their clutch size and incubation behavior,as well as their responses to ambient temperature and precipitation.Clutch size averaged 7.75 ±1.36,had an association with average ambient temperature and average daily precipitation during the egglaying period,and was potentially linked to female breeding attempts.Throughout the incubation period,females took an average of 0.73 ±0.46 recesses every 24 h,with an average recess duration of 100.80 ±73.37 min and an average nest attendance of 92.98 ±5.27%.They showed a unimodal recess pattern in which nest departures peaked primarily between 13:00 and 16:00.Furthermore,females rarely left nests when daily precipitation was high.Recess duration and nest attendance were influenced by the interaction between daily mean ambient temperature and daily precipitation,as well as day of incubation.Additionally,there was a positive correlation between clutch size and recess duration.These results contribute valuable insights into the lifehistory features of this endangered species.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30900981)the Research Program of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province(L2013255)
文摘An F2 population, derived from a cross between the vernalization independent genotype ＇ RcBr＇ and the vernalization dependent genotype＇08A061 ＇ , was developed to eonstruet a linkage map with 165 SSR and InDel markers. QTL analysis was performed by two phenotypie evaluation （ days to 5 em elongate stalk and flowering time） based on the difference in F2：3 families under vernalization and no vernalization. The results showed that the vernalization requirement was reeessive in Brassica rapa. Seven QTLs that controlled vernalization requirement were detected on A02 and A06 linkage groups, which explained phenotypic variation ranging from 0.08% to 22.52%. Two QTLs （ VR-DE01, VR-b391 ） were detected on the top of A02, which explained 22.52% and 14. 54% of the phenotypic variation, respectively, and closely linked with BrFLC2 gene. Two QTLs （VR-DE03, VR-DE04） were deteeted on A06 with 13.30% and 13.64% of phenotypie variation. These detected QTLs will provide useful information on understanding the genetic basis between vernalization requirement and bolting, and that will be useful for marker-assisted selection （MAS） in a breeding program for bolting resistant eultivars.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272048)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2222090)+1 种基金Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2022YFA1205900)Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYKJZD-SSW-SLH01).
文摘Subcellular inter-organellar crosstalk among lysosome,endoplasmic reticulum(ER),and mitochondrion is crucial for cancer cell survival and is a promising target in cancer treatment;however,efficiently disrupting these interactive networks is challenging.Herein,a communication interception strategy is presented,which specifically disrupts inter-organellar crosstalk by lysosomal contents leakage along with their trajectory and pre-activates autophagic flux to augment the lysosome-associated autophagy blocking for preventing the self-repair of this subcellular disorder.Briefly,fullerenols containing multiple hydroxyl groups(MF)tear the lysosomal phospholipid membrane through direct interaction,which causes lysosomal contents(calcium ions and cathepsins)to leak into the cytoplasm,subsequently leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction with redox imbalance and metabolic reprogramming.mTOR inhibitors activate and amplify autophagy,then impaired lysosomes prevent their fusion with autophagosome,and thus autophagy is paralyzed along with autolysosome accumulation.Consequently,the cellular homeostasis is compromised by destroyed inter-organellar networks without self-repair by autophagy,thereby triggering PANoptotic processes and leading to a remarkable anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo.This strategy demonstrates the selective cytotoxicity of non-toxic nanomaterials that interfere with subcellular inter-organellar crosstalk,offering a novel method for designing tumor therapies.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(81672991 and 81874139[S.L.],81672787[Y.T.],81672308[X.W.])the National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB553903[Y.T.])supported this study.
文摘Cancer stem cells(CSCs)exhibit highly aggressive and metastatic features and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)expression varies among non-small cell lung cancers(NSCLCs),and the mechanisms that support abnormal AhR expression in CSCs remain elusive.Here,we identified ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L3(UCHL3),a DUB enzyme in the UCH protease family,as a bona fide deubiquitylase of the AhR in NSCLC.UCHL3 was shown to interact with,deubiquitylate,and stabilize AhR in a manner dependent on its deubiquitylation activity.Moreover,we showed that UCHL3 promotes the stem-like characteristics and potent tumorigenic capacity of NSCLC cells.UCHL3 increased AhR stability and the binding of AhR to the promoter regions of the“stemness”genes ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2(ABCG2),KLF4,and c-Myc.Depletion of UCHL3 markedly downregulated the“stemness”genes ABCG2,KLF4,and c-Myc,leading to the loss of selfrenewal and tumorigenesis in NSCLCs.Furthermore,the UCHL3 inhibitor TCID induced AhR degradation and exhibited significantly attenuated efficacy in NSCLC cells with stem cell-like properties.Additionally,UCHL3 was shown to indicate poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.In general,our results reveal that the UCHL3 deubiquitylase is pivotal for AhR protein stability and a potential target for NSCLC-targeted therapy.
基金Financial support was provided by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(31772451,31970393)the Science and Technology Youth Innovation Team of Sichuan Province(19DTTD0012)+1 种基金the Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(YCSW2021116)the project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology,Guangxi Normal University(18-A-02-04).
文摘Extra-pair paternity(EPP)benefits to improve the reproductive success via extra-pair fertilizations without the costs of parental care in males and through improved offspring quality with additional food and parental care in females among species of birds.Variations in the EPP appear to link to behavioral and ecological factors and sexual selection.According to the“relationship intelligence hypothesis”,the cognitive abilities of the birds play an important role in maintaining long-term relationships.Here,we undertook thefirst comparative test of the relationships between extra-pair paternity and brain size,testis size,and life histories among 315 species of birds using phylogenetically controlled comparative analyses and path analysis.After controlling for the effects of shared ancestry and body mass,the frequency of EPP was negatively correlated with relative brain size,but positively with testis size across species of birds.However,the frequency of EPP was not linked to life-history traits(e.g.incubation period,fledging period,clutch size,egg mass,and longevity).Ourfindings suggest that large-brained birds associated with enhanced cognitive abilities are more inclined to maintain long-term stable relationships with their mates and to mutualism with them than to increase the frequency of EPP.
基金funded by the Hebei Provincial High-level Talents (A201901058)the Education Department of Hebei Province (QN2018138),China。
文摘Objectives:Peach(Prunus persica L.)is an ancient fruit tree that originated from China.It is the climacteric fruit belonging to genus Prunus in family Rosaceae.Ethylene,which is produced during ripening,accelerates fruit softening,and therefore peaches cannot be stored for a long time.Materials and Methods:To study the mechanism of fruit late ripening,transcriptome analysis of the fruit of a late-ripening mutant of'Jinghong'peach was performed to identify genes and pathways involved in fruit late ripening.Results:A total of 1805,1511,and 2309 genes were found to be differentially expressed in W2_vs_M1,W3_vs_M2,and W3_vs_M3,respectively.Functional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed they were related to carotenoid biosynthesis,starch and sucrose metabolism plant hormone signal transduction,flavonoid biosynthesis,and photosynthesis.The expression trends of ripening-related genes that encode transcription factors and plant hormone signal transduction-related genes that encode enzymes were similar.Conclusions:It will help to elucidate the transcriptional regulatory network of fruit development in the spontaneous late-ripening mutant of‘Jinghong’peach and provide a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of fruit ripening.
基金supported by the major research project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.52272049)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2022YFA1205900).
文摘Amphiphilic aminated fullerenes have a broad margin of safety and significant antitumor effects.Herein,we develop a simple and versatile synthesis strategy for tetraamino-[60]fullerene epoxide(C_(60)(NR^(1)R^(2))_(4)O)using C_(60)Cl_(6)as a precursor,which notably reduces the reaction time to less than 1 h while retaining a high yield of over 80%with both cyclic and linear secondary amine substrates even at the gram level.The molecular structure of C_(60)(NR^(1)R^(2))_(4)O is first validated by single-crystal diffraction,and a two-step reaction mechanism comprising nucleophilic substitution of Cl and the oxidative elimination of Cl_(2)is proposed based on experimental verification and density functional theory simulation.A set of water-soluble aminated C_(60)(NR^(1)R^(2))_(4)O was prepared in large quantities,and in vitro antitumor evaluation unveiled the critical role that terminal primary amino moieties of C_(60)(NR^(1)R^(2))_(4)O play in their antineoplastic effects.This work provides an effective synthesis method for aminated C_(60)(NR^(1)R^(2))_(4)O,facilitating the development of fullerene-derived tumor-targeted drugs.
