Single-photon sources are building blocks for photonic quantum information processes. Of the many single-photon generation schemes, electrically driven single-photon sources have the advantages of realizing monolithic...Single-photon sources are building blocks for photonic quantum information processes. Of the many single-photon generation schemes, electrically driven single-photon sources have the advantages of realizing monolithic integration of quantum light sources and detectors without optical filtering, thus greatly simplify the integrated quantum photonic circuits. Here, we review recent advances on electrically driven single-photon sources based on solid-state quantum emitters, such as semiconductor epitaxial quantum dots, colloidal quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, molecules, and defect states in diamond, SiC and layered semiconductors. In particular, the merits and drawbacks of each system are discussed. Finally, the article is concluded by discussing the challenges that remain for electrically driven single-photon sources.展开更多
Latent mermbrane protein 1(LMP1)is known as an oncoprotein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)cells,which is considered to have a strong association with growth,invasion and metastasis of NPC cells through lipid rafts.Me...Latent mermbrane protein 1(LMP1)is known as an oncoprotein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)cells,which is considered to have a strong association with growth,invasion and metastasis of NPC cells through lipid rafts.Met hy-A-cyclodextrin(M3CD)can disrupt lipid rafts through cholesterol depletion.In this study,we revealed that MICD induced apoptosis in two kinds of NPC cells including CNE1 cells,a LMP1 negative nasopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cell line,and CNE1-LMP1 cells,a LMP1-positive nasopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cell line.Furthermore,the impact of MBCD on LMP1 was investigated by fuorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)method in NPC cells.Synchronized tempo spatial and spectral detection of LMP1/LMP1 interaction were performed using fluorescence microscope and spectrograph.FRET efficiency indicated that LMP1/LMP1 interaction gradully enhanced after M9CD treatment.MTT assays showed that M8CD caused strong cytotoxicity in CNE1 cells,but cauused relatively weaker cytotoxicity in CNE1-LMP1 cells,which indicated that LMP1 may regulate sensitivity of NPC cells to MBCD.Then,detection of cleaved caspase-3 in two kinds of NPC cells indicated that LMP1 may inhibit activation of caspase 3.These results strongly suggested that MBCD can induce apoptosis of NPC cells,but enhancing of LMP1/LMP1 interaction may likely resist apoptosis through inhibiting cleavage of caspase-3.展开更多
Quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction is crucial for understanding the operation and evolution of the global climate system.For example,a quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction for the Last Glacial Maximum(18&#...Quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction is crucial for understanding the operation and evolution of the global climate system.For example,a quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction for the Last Glacial Maximum(18±2 ka14C,LGM)is fundamental to understanding the evolution of Earth’s climate during the last glacial-interglacial cycle.Previous quantitative palaeoclimate reconstructions in China are generally based on statistical comparison of modern pollen assemblages and modern climate data.These methods are based on the premise that vegetation-climate interactions remain the same through time,and implicitly assume that the interactions are independent of changes in seasonality and atmospheric CO2concentration.However,these assumptions may not always be valid,which may affect the reconstructions.Here,we present the results of a quantitative study of the LGM climate of China based on an improved inverse vegetation model which incorporates physiological processes combined with a new China Quaternary Pollen Database.The results indicate that during the LGM,mean annual temperature(ANNT),mean temperature of the coldest month(MTCO)and mean temperature of the warmest month in China were lower by^5.6±0.8,~11.0±1.6 and^2.6±0.9°C,respectively,compared to today,and that the changes in ANNT were mainly due to the decrease of MTCO.The ANNT decrease in southern China was^5.5±0.5°C.Mean annual precipitation was lower by^46.3±17.8 mm compared to today and was especially low in northern China(~51.2±21.4 mm)due to the decrease in summer rainfall.Comparison of our results with recent outputs from paleoclimatic modelling reveals that while the latter are broadly consistent with our estimated changes in mean annual climatic parameters,there are substantial differences in the seasonal climatic parameters.Our results highlight the crucial importance of developing seasonal simulation on paleoclimatic models,as well as the need to improve the quality of paleoclimatic reconstructions based on proxy records from geological archives.展开更多
Passenger ride comfort has become a focus of attention in rail transportation equipment design,manufacture and later operation to meet people’s demand for travel quality.However,comfort is a very subjective concept,w...Passenger ride comfort has become a focus of attention in rail transportation equipment design,manufacture and later operation to meet people’s demand for travel quality.However,comfort is a very subjective concept,which is difficult to quantify and evaluate directly,and can be affected by various factors,leading to the corresponding technologies for ride comfort improvement becoming diverse.In this paper,recent research on the assessment method and improvement measures of railway passenger ride comfort is reviewed.The main types of ride comfort are summarized first according to the sources of discomfort,including static comfort,vibration comfort,noise comfort,aural pressure comfort,thermal comfort and visual comfort.The current assessment methods of ride comfort are introduced from the aspects of environmental parameters and human parameters based on the nature of evaluation indicators.Finally,the improvement technologies for each type of ride comfort are presented.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFB0401600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61635009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2018FZA5004)
文摘Single-photon sources are building blocks for photonic quantum information processes. Of the many single-photon generation schemes, electrically driven single-photon sources have the advantages of realizing monolithic integration of quantum light sources and detectors without optical filtering, thus greatly simplify the integrated quantum photonic circuits. Here, we review recent advances on electrically driven single-photon sources based on solid-state quantum emitters, such as semiconductor epitaxial quantum dots, colloidal quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, molecules, and defect states in diamond, SiC and layered semiconductors. In particular, the merits and drawbacks of each system are discussed. Finally, the article is concluded by discussing the challenges that remain for electrically driven single-photon sources.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2015CB352006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61335011,61775037 and 61475036)+2 种基金Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT 15R10)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(Nos.2019J01270 and 2017J01844)the High level Joint Research and Construction Program of Fujian Provincial Hospital,and Special Funds of the Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development(2017L3009),China.
文摘Latent mermbrane protein 1(LMP1)is known as an oncoprotein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)cells,which is considered to have a strong association with growth,invasion and metastasis of NPC cells through lipid rafts.Met hy-A-cyclodextrin(M3CD)can disrupt lipid rafts through cholesterol depletion.In this study,we revealed that MICD induced apoptosis in two kinds of NPC cells including CNE1 cells,a LMP1 negative nasopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cell line,and CNE1-LMP1 cells,a LMP1-positive nasopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cell line.Furthermore,the impact of MBCD on LMP1 was investigated by fuorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)method in NPC cells.Synchronized tempo spatial and spectral detection of LMP1/LMP1 interaction were performed using fluorescence microscope and spectrograph.FRET efficiency indicated that LMP1/LMP1 interaction gradully enhanced after M9CD treatment.MTT assays showed that M8CD caused strong cytotoxicity in CNE1 cells,but cauused relatively weaker cytotoxicity in CNE1-LMP1 cells,which indicated that LMP1 may regulate sensitivity of NPC cells to MBCD.Then,detection of cleaved caspase-3 in two kinds of NPC cells indicated that LMP1 may inhibit activation of caspase 3.These results strongly suggested that MBCD can induce apoptosis of NPC cells,but enhancing of LMP1/LMP1 interaction may likely resist apoptosis through inhibiting cleavage of caspase-3.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA13010106)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0600504)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41572165, 41430531, 41125011 & 41472319)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05120700)
文摘Quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction is crucial for understanding the operation and evolution of the global climate system.For example,a quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction for the Last Glacial Maximum(18±2 ka14C,LGM)is fundamental to understanding the evolution of Earth’s climate during the last glacial-interglacial cycle.Previous quantitative palaeoclimate reconstructions in China are generally based on statistical comparison of modern pollen assemblages and modern climate data.These methods are based on the premise that vegetation-climate interactions remain the same through time,and implicitly assume that the interactions are independent of changes in seasonality and atmospheric CO2concentration.However,these assumptions may not always be valid,which may affect the reconstructions.Here,we present the results of a quantitative study of the LGM climate of China based on an improved inverse vegetation model which incorporates physiological processes combined with a new China Quaternary Pollen Database.The results indicate that during the LGM,mean annual temperature(ANNT),mean temperature of the coldest month(MTCO)and mean temperature of the warmest month in China were lower by^5.6±0.8,~11.0±1.6 and^2.6±0.9°C,respectively,compared to today,and that the changes in ANNT were mainly due to the decrease of MTCO.The ANNT decrease in southern China was^5.5±0.5°C.Mean annual precipitation was lower by^46.3±17.8 mm compared to today and was especially low in northern China(~51.2±21.4 mm)due to the decrease in summer rainfall.Comparison of our results with recent outputs from paleoclimatic modelling reveals that while the latter are broadly consistent with our estimated changes in mean annual climatic parameters,there are substantial differences in the seasonal climatic parameters.Our results highlight the crucial importance of developing seasonal simulation on paleoclimatic models,as well as the need to improve the quality of paleoclimatic reconstructions based on proxy records from geological archives.
基金the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant No.52075553)the Hunan Science Foun-dation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.2021JJ10059)the School Enterprise Cooperation Program of Cen-tral South University(Grant No.2021XQLH097).
文摘Passenger ride comfort has become a focus of attention in rail transportation equipment design,manufacture and later operation to meet people’s demand for travel quality.However,comfort is a very subjective concept,which is difficult to quantify and evaluate directly,and can be affected by various factors,leading to the corresponding technologies for ride comfort improvement becoming diverse.In this paper,recent research on the assessment method and improvement measures of railway passenger ride comfort is reviewed.The main types of ride comfort are summarized first according to the sources of discomfort,including static comfort,vibration comfort,noise comfort,aural pressure comfort,thermal comfort and visual comfort.The current assessment methods of ride comfort are introduced from the aspects of environmental parameters and human parameters based on the nature of evaluation indicators.Finally,the improvement technologies for each type of ride comfort are presented.
