Resistance exercise has been confirmed to be important for maintaining muscle mass and function.However,despite considerable experimental studies,the underlying mechanisms still requires further investigation to be el...Resistance exercise has been confirmed to be important for maintaining muscle mass and function.However,despite considerable experimental studies,the underlying mechanisms still requires further investigation to be elucidated.Sestrin1 is a stress-inducible protein strongly associated with the occurrence and development of skeletal muscle dysfunction.Besides,oxidative stress is believed to be a major pathogenic mechanism in the development of skeletal muscle atrophy,whereas regular exercise training induces the endogenous antioxidative system and protects the body against adverse effects of oxidative stress.Nevertheless,whether Sestrin1 is involved in the amelioration of resistance exercise on muscle atrophy and the role of its antioxidant function in this process remains unknown.Here we show that six-week resistance exercise training significantly improved muscle function,muscle mass,and oxidative damage and maintained the level of Sestrin1 in dexamethasone-treated C57BL/6J mice.Mechanistically,Sestrin1 overexpression rescued protein degradation and oxidative stress in atrophied myotubes.Furthermore,an emerging regulator of cellular defense against toxic and oxidative insults,nuclear factor erythroid2–related factor 2(Nrf2)controls the basal and induced expression of an array of antioxidant response element–dependent genes to regulate the pathophysiological outcomes of oxidant exposure.In this study,we found that Nrf2 is a target of Sestrin1,and Nrf2 nuclear translocation is facilitated by Sestrin1.ML385(an Nrf2 inhibitor)treatment mitigated the regulatory effects of overexpression-Sestrin1.Therefore,Sestrin1 was involved in the process of resistance exercise against skeletal muscle atrophy,which may be closely related to its antioxidant capacity,revealing a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing the loss of skeletal muscle.展开更多
Ni-rich layered oxides are promising cathodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries,but the chemoelectro-mechanical deterioration of polycrystalline particles caused by intergranular microcracks hinders their applicat...Ni-rich layered oxides are promising cathodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries,but the chemoelectro-mechanical deterioration of polycrystalline particles caused by intergranular microcracks hinders their applications.Herein,a perovskite LiTaO_(3) strengthening network along the grain boundaries is designed to enhance the mechanical and structural stability of polycrystalline LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) by suppressing the anisotropic volume variation and retard the internal strain.Notably,the perovskite-modified LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode material exhibits significantly improved cyclability and rate capacity.Such enhanced electrochemical behavior can be ascribed not merely to the compacted particle,where the LiTaO_(3) interface effectively inhibits electrolyte infiltration,but also to the structural stability in terms of inhibiting lattice oxygen release through the introduction of strong Ta-O bonds,thereby restraining interfacial side reactions and surface phase transitions.This work provides precise control over grain boundaries to suppress the inter-strain,taking care of the crystal structure and interface properties.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with high energy density suffer from the soluble lithium polysulfide species,Traditional metal sulfides containing a single metal element used as electrocatalysts for Li-S batteries commo...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with high energy density suffer from the soluble lithium polysulfide species,Traditional metal sulfides containing a single metal element used as electrocatalysts for Li-S batteries commonly have limited catalytic abilities to improve battery performance.Herein,based on the Hume-Rothery rule and solvothermal method,the high-entropy sulfide NiCoCuTiVS_(x)derived from Co_(9)S_(8)was designed and synthesized,to realize the combination of small local strain and excellent catalytic performance.With all five metal elements(Ni,Co,Cu,Ti,and V)capable of chemical interactions with soluble polysulfides,NiCoCuTiVS_(x)exhibited strong chemical confinement of polysulfides and promoted fast kinetics for polysulfides conversion.Consequently,the S/NiCoCuTiVS_(x)cathode can maintain a high discharge capacity of 968.9 mA h g^(-1)after 200 cycles at 0.5 C and its capacity retention is 1.3 times higher than that of S/Co_(9)S_(8).The improved cycle stability can be attributed to the synergistic effect originating from the multiple metal elements,coupled with the reduced nucleation and activation barriers of Li_(2)S.The present work opens a path to explore novel electrocatalyst materials based on high entropy materials for the achievement of advanced Li-S batteries.展开更多
[Objectives]To study the phosphorus removal performance of phosphate accumulating organisms(PAOs).[Methods]Activated sludge from domestic sewage treatment plant was used as the strain source,and phosphate accumulating...[Objectives]To study the phosphorus removal performance of phosphate accumulating organisms(PAOs).[Methods]Activated sludge from domestic sewage treatment plant was used as the strain source,and phosphate accumulating organisms were screened by plate streaking method and dilution coating plate method.Six kinds of excellent phosphate accumulating organisms were obtained by metachromatic granule staining experiment,total phosphorus experiment and simulated sewage phosphorus removal experiment to assist the observation of bac-terial morphology and experiment of phosphorus removal capacity.In addition,the influencing factors of phosphorus removal capacity(nitrogen source,trace metal ions)were analyzed.[Results]In the case of simulated sewage,the phosphorus removal rate of strain b was the highest,reaching 66.25%,while the phosphorus removal rate of strain e and f was about 10%lower than that of the phosphorus uptake experiment.[Conclusions]This study is expected to provide a theoretical reference for the gradual optimization of the screening method of phosphorus re-moval bacteria in domestic sewage treatment.展开更多
The sensory perception of whey protein is closely related to its ability to form films on the oral surface and the structure of the resulting film.Mucins,key components of human saliva,play a significant role in this ...The sensory perception of whey protein is closely related to its ability to form films on the oral surface and the structure of the resulting film.Mucins,key components of human saliva,play a significant role in this film-forming process and in oral lubrication.Direct exploration of their film-forming behavior in the oral environment is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of mouthfeel.Subsequent adsorption experiments revealed that whey protein isolate(WPI)and mucin molecules could form hydrated layers immediately on gold or polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)surfaces.Moreover,mucin exhibited a stronger adsorption capacity,displacing WPI molecules adsorbed on the surfaces.Conversely,preformed mucin layers facilitated the formation of a mucin-WPI hybrid layer.The film thickness and quantity of adsorbed mass increased over time,following the pseudo-second-order(PSO)model,indicating strong chemical bonding between the molecules and the substrate surface.The lubrication properties of the hybrid layer were confirmed via an optical interference approach.Under Hertzian contact at a speed of 500 mm/s and a load of 10 N,a thin film lubrication(TFL)state was observed,with the highest film thickness reaching approximately 30 nm.In contrast,under compliant contact with a 10 mN load,the lubrication state transitioned from TFL to soft-EHL at an entrainment speed of just 2.5 mm/s,with the film thickness reaching nearly 350 nm.The presence of mucin enhanced the consistency of WPI adsorption,leading to a thicker and more reliable film.Further investigation revealed that the addition of mucin reduced friction by 30%-50%in both the boundary and TFL regimes.The superior lubrication performance of the mucin/WPI emulsion was attributed to the formation of the hybrid layer and the mucoadhesive properties of mucin.This study provides guidance for the use of mucin to increase the smoothness of WPIs and alleviate their mouth-drying effects.展开更多
基金funded by research grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171135).
文摘Resistance exercise has been confirmed to be important for maintaining muscle mass and function.However,despite considerable experimental studies,the underlying mechanisms still requires further investigation to be elucidated.Sestrin1 is a stress-inducible protein strongly associated with the occurrence and development of skeletal muscle dysfunction.Besides,oxidative stress is believed to be a major pathogenic mechanism in the development of skeletal muscle atrophy,whereas regular exercise training induces the endogenous antioxidative system and protects the body against adverse effects of oxidative stress.Nevertheless,whether Sestrin1 is involved in the amelioration of resistance exercise on muscle atrophy and the role of its antioxidant function in this process remains unknown.Here we show that six-week resistance exercise training significantly improved muscle function,muscle mass,and oxidative damage and maintained the level of Sestrin1 in dexamethasone-treated C57BL/6J mice.Mechanistically,Sestrin1 overexpression rescued protein degradation and oxidative stress in atrophied myotubes.Furthermore,an emerging regulator of cellular defense against toxic and oxidative insults,nuclear factor erythroid2–related factor 2(Nrf2)controls the basal and induced expression of an array of antioxidant response element–dependent genes to regulate the pathophysiological outcomes of oxidant exposure.In this study,we found that Nrf2 is a target of Sestrin1,and Nrf2 nuclear translocation is facilitated by Sestrin1.ML385(an Nrf2 inhibitor)treatment mitigated the regulatory effects of overexpression-Sestrin1.Therefore,Sestrin1 was involved in the process of resistance exercise against skeletal muscle atrophy,which may be closely related to its antioxidant capacity,revealing a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing the loss of skeletal muscle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC, grant numbers U22A20113 and 52261135543]。
文摘Ni-rich layered oxides are promising cathodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries,but the chemoelectro-mechanical deterioration of polycrystalline particles caused by intergranular microcracks hinders their applications.Herein,a perovskite LiTaO_(3) strengthening network along the grain boundaries is designed to enhance the mechanical and structural stability of polycrystalline LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) by suppressing the anisotropic volume variation and retard the internal strain.Notably,the perovskite-modified LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode material exhibits significantly improved cyclability and rate capacity.Such enhanced electrochemical behavior can be ascribed not merely to the compacted particle,where the LiTaO_(3) interface effectively inhibits electrolyte infiltration,but also to the structural stability in terms of inhibiting lattice oxygen release through the introduction of strong Ta-O bonds,thereby restraining interfacial side reactions and surface phase transitions.This work provides precise control over grain boundaries to suppress the inter-strain,taking care of the crystal structure and interface properties.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20113,52261135543)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with high energy density suffer from the soluble lithium polysulfide species,Traditional metal sulfides containing a single metal element used as electrocatalysts for Li-S batteries commonly have limited catalytic abilities to improve battery performance.Herein,based on the Hume-Rothery rule and solvothermal method,the high-entropy sulfide NiCoCuTiVS_(x)derived from Co_(9)S_(8)was designed and synthesized,to realize the combination of small local strain and excellent catalytic performance.With all five metal elements(Ni,Co,Cu,Ti,and V)capable of chemical interactions with soluble polysulfides,NiCoCuTiVS_(x)exhibited strong chemical confinement of polysulfides and promoted fast kinetics for polysulfides conversion.Consequently,the S/NiCoCuTiVS_(x)cathode can maintain a high discharge capacity of 968.9 mA h g^(-1)after 200 cycles at 0.5 C and its capacity retention is 1.3 times higher than that of S/Co_(9)S_(8).The improved cycle stability can be attributed to the synergistic effect originating from the multiple metal elements,coupled with the reduced nucleation and activation barriers of Li_(2)S.The present work opens a path to explore novel electrocatalyst materials based on high entropy materials for the achievement of advanced Li-S batteries.
基金Supported by Zhaoqing University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(202310580018).
文摘[Objectives]To study the phosphorus removal performance of phosphate accumulating organisms(PAOs).[Methods]Activated sludge from domestic sewage treatment plant was used as the strain source,and phosphate accumulating organisms were screened by plate streaking method and dilution coating plate method.Six kinds of excellent phosphate accumulating organisms were obtained by metachromatic granule staining experiment,total phosphorus experiment and simulated sewage phosphorus removal experiment to assist the observation of bac-terial morphology and experiment of phosphorus removal capacity.In addition,the influencing factors of phosphorus removal capacity(nitrogen source,trace metal ions)were analyzed.[Results]In the case of simulated sewage,the phosphorus removal rate of strain b was the highest,reaching 66.25%,while the phosphorus removal rate of strain e and f was about 10%lower than that of the phosphorus uptake experiment.[Conclusions]This study is expected to provide a theoretical reference for the gradual optimization of the screening method of phosphorus re-moval bacteria in domestic sewage treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(No.31901817)the Tribology Science Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Tribology(No.SKLTKF20B12)the Research Platform Building Project of Beijing Technology and Business University.
文摘The sensory perception of whey protein is closely related to its ability to form films on the oral surface and the structure of the resulting film.Mucins,key components of human saliva,play a significant role in this film-forming process and in oral lubrication.Direct exploration of their film-forming behavior in the oral environment is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of mouthfeel.Subsequent adsorption experiments revealed that whey protein isolate(WPI)and mucin molecules could form hydrated layers immediately on gold or polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)surfaces.Moreover,mucin exhibited a stronger adsorption capacity,displacing WPI molecules adsorbed on the surfaces.Conversely,preformed mucin layers facilitated the formation of a mucin-WPI hybrid layer.The film thickness and quantity of adsorbed mass increased over time,following the pseudo-second-order(PSO)model,indicating strong chemical bonding between the molecules and the substrate surface.The lubrication properties of the hybrid layer were confirmed via an optical interference approach.Under Hertzian contact at a speed of 500 mm/s and a load of 10 N,a thin film lubrication(TFL)state was observed,with the highest film thickness reaching approximately 30 nm.In contrast,under compliant contact with a 10 mN load,the lubrication state transitioned from TFL to soft-EHL at an entrainment speed of just 2.5 mm/s,with the film thickness reaching nearly 350 nm.The presence of mucin enhanced the consistency of WPI adsorption,leading to a thicker and more reliable film.Further investigation revealed that the addition of mucin reduced friction by 30%-50%in both the boundary and TFL regimes.The superior lubrication performance of the mucin/WPI emulsion was attributed to the formation of the hybrid layer and the mucoadhesive properties of mucin.This study provides guidance for the use of mucin to increase the smoothness of WPIs and alleviate their mouth-drying effects.
