With increasing production of kitchen waste,cooking oil gradually enters the soil,where it can negatively affect soil fauna.In this study,we explored the effects of soybean oil on the survival,growth,reproduction,tiss...With increasing production of kitchen waste,cooking oil gradually enters the soil,where it can negatively affect soil fauna.In this study,we explored the effects of soybean oil on the survival,growth,reproduction,tissue structure,biochemical responses,mRNA expression,and gut microbiome of earthworms(Eisenia fetida).The median lethal concentration of soybean oil was found to be 15.59%.Earthworm growth and reproduction were significantly inhibited following exposure to a sublethal concentration of soybean oil(1/3 LC50,5.2%).The activity of the antioxidant enzymes total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)were affected under soybean oil exposure.The glutathione(GSH)content decreased significantly,whereas that of the lipid peroxide malondialdehyde(MDA)increased significantly after soybean oil exposure.mRNA expression levels of the SOD,metallothionein(MT),lysenin and lysozyme were significantly upregulated.The abundance of Bacteroides species,which are related to mineral oil repair,and Muribaculaceae species,which are related to immune regulation,increased within the earthworm intestine.These results indicate that soybean oil waste is toxic to earthworms.Thus,earthworms deployed defense mechanisms involving antioxidant system and gut microbiota for protection against soybean oil exposure-induced stress.展开更多
LDPE had no effect on the mortality,growth,and reproduction of earthworms.LDPE did not alter the mortality,growth,and reproduction of earth-worm caused by Cd.LDPE alleviated histopathological damage to earthworms caus...LDPE had no effect on the mortality,growth,and reproduction of earthworms.LDPE did not alter the mortality,growth,and reproduction of earth-worm caused by Cd.LDPE alleviated histopathological damage to earthworms caused by Cd.LDPE alleviated DNA damage in earthworm coelomocytes caused by Cd.LDPE did not affect the accumulation of Cd in earthworms.Cadmium(Cd)can accumulate in the food chain,with serious impacts on human health and safety.Microplastics(MPs)such as low-density polyethylene(LDPE)should be considered not only as a single pollutant but also as a carrier of other pollutants.In this study,we investigated the joint effects of 30%LDPE and 313 mg kg-1 Cd on mortality,growth,reproduction,microstructure,DNA damage,oxidative stress,and mRNA levels in the earthworm Eisenia fetida.We found that 313 mg kg-1 Cd inhibited growth and reproduction and damaged the microstructures of the skin and intestine.Meanwhile,LDPE had no effect on the mortality,growth,or cocoon production of earthworms.Moreover,it did not increase the mortality,growth,or inhibition of cocoon production caused by Cd and instead alleviated the DNA damage in coelomocytes caused by Cd treatment.Finally,it did not alter the accumulation of Cd in the worms.These indicators can be used for toxicity safety assessment and soil ecological risk assessment of LDPE and Cd cooccurrence in soil.展开更多
Honeybees and bumblebees play a crucial role as essential pollinators.The special gut microbiome of social bees is a key factor in determining the overall fitness and health of the host.Although bees harbor relatively...Honeybees and bumblebees play a crucial role as essential pollinators.The special gut microbiome of social bees is a key factor in determining the overall fitness and health of the host.Although bees harbor relatively simple microbial communities at the genus level,recent studies have unveiled significant genetic divergence and variations in gene content within each bacterial genus.However,a comprehensive and refined genomics-based taxonomic database specific to social bee gut microbiomes remains lacking.Here,we first provided an overview of the current knowledge on the distribution and function of social bee gut bacteria,as well as the factors that influence the gut population dynamics.We then consolidated all available genomes of the gut bacteria of social bees and refined the species-level taxonomy,by constructing a maximum-likelihood core genome phylogeny and calculating genome-wide pairwise average nucleotide identity.On the basis of the refined species taxonomy,we constructed a curated genomic reference database,named the bee gut microbe genome sequence database(BGM-GDb).To evaluate the species-profiling performance of the curated BGM-GDb,we retrieved a series of bee gut metagenomic data and inferred the species-level composition using metagenomic intra-species diversity analysis system(MIDAS),and then compared the results with those obtained from a prebuilt MIDAS database.We found that compared with the default database,the BGM-GDb excelled in aligned read counts and bacterial richness.Overall,this high-resolution and precise genomic reference database will facilitate research in understanding the gut community structure of social bees.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2018YFC0507204)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural Universitythe Organic Recycling Research Institute (Suzhou)of China Agricultural University
文摘With increasing production of kitchen waste,cooking oil gradually enters the soil,where it can negatively affect soil fauna.In this study,we explored the effects of soybean oil on the survival,growth,reproduction,tissue structure,biochemical responses,mRNA expression,and gut microbiome of earthworms(Eisenia fetida).The median lethal concentration of soybean oil was found to be 15.59%.Earthworm growth and reproduction were significantly inhibited following exposure to a sublethal concentration of soybean oil(1/3 LC50,5.2%).The activity of the antioxidant enzymes total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)were affected under soybean oil exposure.The glutathione(GSH)content decreased significantly,whereas that of the lipid peroxide malondialdehyde(MDA)increased significantly after soybean oil exposure.mRNA expression levels of the SOD,metallothionein(MT),lysenin and lysozyme were significantly upregulated.The abundance of Bacteroides species,which are related to mineral oil repair,and Muribaculaceae species,which are related to immune regulation,increased within the earthworm intestine.These results indicate that soybean oil waste is toxic to earthworms.Thus,earthworms deployed defense mechanisms involving antioxidant system and gut microbiota for protection against soybean oil exposure-induced stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31172091)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC0507204)The 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘LDPE had no effect on the mortality,growth,and reproduction of earthworms.LDPE did not alter the mortality,growth,and reproduction of earth-worm caused by Cd.LDPE alleviated histopathological damage to earthworms caused by Cd.LDPE alleviated DNA damage in earthworm coelomocytes caused by Cd.LDPE did not affect the accumulation of Cd in earthworms.Cadmium(Cd)can accumulate in the food chain,with serious impacts on human health and safety.Microplastics(MPs)such as low-density polyethylene(LDPE)should be considered not only as a single pollutant but also as a carrier of other pollutants.In this study,we investigated the joint effects of 30%LDPE and 313 mg kg-1 Cd on mortality,growth,reproduction,microstructure,DNA damage,oxidative stress,and mRNA levels in the earthworm Eisenia fetida.We found that 313 mg kg-1 Cd inhibited growth and reproduction and damaged the microstructures of the skin and intestine.Meanwhile,LDPE had no effect on the mortality,growth,or cocoon production of earthworms.Moreover,it did not increase the mortality,growth,or inhibition of cocoon production caused by Cd and instead alleviated the DNA damage in coelomocytes caused by Cd treatment.Finally,it did not alter the accumulation of Cd in the worms.These indicators can be used for toxicity safety assessment and soil ecological risk assessment of LDPE and Cd cooccurrence in soil.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370550 and 32000346)to Xue Zhangthe program from the Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University(SYND-2021-30)by 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University grants to Xin Zhou。
文摘Honeybees and bumblebees play a crucial role as essential pollinators.The special gut microbiome of social bees is a key factor in determining the overall fitness and health of the host.Although bees harbor relatively simple microbial communities at the genus level,recent studies have unveiled significant genetic divergence and variations in gene content within each bacterial genus.However,a comprehensive and refined genomics-based taxonomic database specific to social bee gut microbiomes remains lacking.Here,we first provided an overview of the current knowledge on the distribution and function of social bee gut bacteria,as well as the factors that influence the gut population dynamics.We then consolidated all available genomes of the gut bacteria of social bees and refined the species-level taxonomy,by constructing a maximum-likelihood core genome phylogeny and calculating genome-wide pairwise average nucleotide identity.On the basis of the refined species taxonomy,we constructed a curated genomic reference database,named the bee gut microbe genome sequence database(BGM-GDb).To evaluate the species-profiling performance of the curated BGM-GDb,we retrieved a series of bee gut metagenomic data and inferred the species-level composition using metagenomic intra-species diversity analysis system(MIDAS),and then compared the results with those obtained from a prebuilt MIDAS database.We found that compared with the default database,the BGM-GDb excelled in aligned read counts and bacterial richness.Overall,this high-resolution and precise genomic reference database will facilitate research in understanding the gut community structure of social bees.
