Increasing attention has been paid to radioactive wastewater to direct discharge in Japan or accidental leaks.Strontium-90(90Sr)and Cobalt-60(^(60)Co)are the most hazardous nuclides in waste discharged form nuclear re...Increasing attention has been paid to radioactive wastewater to direct discharge in Japan or accidental leaks.Strontium-90(90Sr)and Cobalt-60(^(60)Co)are the most hazardous nuclides in waste discharged form nuclear reactors.Because of their high solubility and long half-lives,these radioisotopes can persist for hundreds of years before decaying to negligible levels.Herein,a green and biodegradable material nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)supported by bacterial cellulose particles(BCP-nZVI)is constructed for the first time to adsorb Co^(2+)and Sr^(2+)in single and binary systems.BCP-nZVI shows superior adsorption capacities of Co^(2+)and Sr^(2+)in a single system within a wide range of pH values from 5 to 7,while the coexistence of Co^(2+)adsorption inhibits the Sr^(2+)in binary system.Pseudo-second-order dynamics model and Langmuir isothermal model can be indicated the BCP-nZVI adsorption progress with 107.10 mg/g(Co^(2+))and 64.96 mg/g(Sr^(2+))maximum adsorption capacity.BCP-nZVI has outstanding stability,allowing it to be stored for more than one month with compromising its performance.More importantly,BCP-nZVI exhibits exceptional removal efficiency of Co^(2+)(92.53%)and Sr^(2+)(58.62%)removal in natural seawater systems.The mechanism investigation illustrates the high adsorption capacity of BCP-nZVI for Co^(2+)is controlled by redox and hydroxyl complexation.While Sr^(2+)is controlled by hydroxyl complexed adsorption,thus it has weak against interference by cations like Na^(+),Ca^(2+),etc.BCP-nZVI exhibits the advantages of high adsorption capacity,wide pH range,strong stability,and good applicability in natural seawater,which has excellent potential for application in radioactive ions removal.展开更多
For engineering structures with saline soil as a filling material,such as channel slope,road subgrade,etc.,the rich soluble salt in the soil is an important potential factor affecting their safety performance.This stu...For engineering structures with saline soil as a filling material,such as channel slope,road subgrade,etc.,the rich soluble salt in the soil is an important potential factor affecting their safety performance.This study examines the Atterberg limits,shear strength,and compressibility of carbonate saline soil samples with different NaHCO3 contents in Northeast China.The mechanism underlying the influence of salt content on soil macroscopic properties was investigated based on a volumetric flask test,a mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)test,and a scanning electron microscopic(SEM)test.The results demonstrated that when NaHCO3 contents were lower than the threshold value of 1.5%,the bound water film adsorbed on the surface of clay particles thickened continuously,and correspondingly,the Atterberg limits and plasticity index increased rapidly as the increase of sodium ion content.Meanwhile,the bonding force between particles was weakened,the dispersion of large aggregates was enhanced,and the soil structure became looser.Macroscopically,the compressibility increased and the shear strength(mainly cohesion)decreased by 28.64%.However,when the NaHCO3 content exceeded the threshold value of 1.5%,the salt gradually approached solubility and filled the pores between particles in the form of crystals,resulting in a decrease in soil porosity.The cementation effect generated by salt crystals increased the bonding force between soil particles,leading to a decrease in plasticity index and an improvement in soil mechanical properties.Moreover,this work provides valuable suggestions and theoretical guidance for the scientific utilization of carbonate saline soil in backfill engineering projects.展开更多
Synchronous generators are important components of power systems and are necessary to maintain its normal and stable operation.To perform the fault diagnosis of mild inter-turn short circuit in the excitation winding ...Synchronous generators are important components of power systems and are necessary to maintain its normal and stable operation.To perform the fault diagnosis of mild inter-turn short circuit in the excitation winding of a synchronous generator,a gate recurrent unit-convolutional neural network(GRU-CNN)model whose structural parameters were determined by improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)is proposed.The outputs of the model are the excitation current and reactive power.The total offset distance,which is the fusion of the offset distance of the excitation current and offset distance of the reactive power,was selected as the fault judgment criterion.The fusion weights of the excitation current and reactive power were determined using the anti-entropy weighting method.The fault-warning threshold and fault-warning ratio were set according to the normal total offset distance,and the fault warning time was set according to the actual situation.The fault-warning time and fault-warning ratio were used to avoid misdiagnosis.The proposed method was verified experimentally.展开更多
The quality traits of horticultural crops,including the accumulation of nutrients and flavor substances,morphology,and texture,affect the palatability and nutritional value.For many years,efforts have been made to imp...The quality traits of horticultural crops,including the accumulation of nutrients and flavor substances,morphology,and texture,affect the palatability and nutritional value.For many years,efforts have been made to improve the quality of horticultural crops.The recent establishment of gene editing technology,with its potential applications in horticultural crops,provides a strategy for achieving this goal in a rapid and efficient manner.Here,we summarize research efforts aimed at improving horticultural crop quality through genome editing.We describe specific genome editing systems that have been used and traits that have been targeted in these efforts.Additionally,we discuss limiting factors and future perspectives of genome editing technology in improving horticultural crop qualities in both research and plant breeding.In summary,genome editing technology is emerging as a powerful tool for efficiently and rapidly improving horticultural crop quality,and we believe that the cautious application of genome editing in horticultural crops will generate new germplasms with improved quality in the near future.展开更多
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is a powerful tool for life science research. Recently, strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), an important horticultural crop, has emerged as a model organism for investigating the...CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is a powerful tool for life science research. Recently, strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), an important horticultural crop, has emerged as a model organism for investigating the regulatory mechanisms of fruit development and ripening (Shulaev et al., 2011; Jia et al., 2013, 2017; Kang et al., 2013; Han et al., 2015). While most cultivated strawberries展开更多
Strawberry is increasingly used as a model plant for research on fruit growth and development.The transient gene manipulation(TGM)technique is widely used to determine the function of plant genes,including those in st...Strawberry is increasingly used as a model plant for research on fruit growth and development.The transient gene manipulation(TGM)technique is widely used to determine the function of plant genes,including those in strawberry fruits.However,its reliable application for the precise identification of gene function has been difficult owing to the lack of conditional optimization.In this study,we found that successful transient gene manipulation requires optimization,with the vector type,temperature,and fruit developmental stage being three major factors determining success.Notably,we found that transient gene manipulation was feasible only from the large green fruit stage onwards,making it especially suitable for identifying genes involved in strawberry fruit ripening.Furthermore,we established a method called percentage difference of phenotype(PDP),in which the functional effect of a gene could be precisely and efficiently identified in strawberry fruits.This method can be used to estimate the functional effect of a gene as a value from 0 to 100%,such that different genes can be quantitatively compared for their relative abilities to regulate fruit ripening.This study provides a useful tool for accelerating research on the molecular basis of strawberry fruit ripening.展开更多
The WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and resistance,but only a few members have been identified in strawberry.Here we identified a WRKY transcription factor,FvWRKY50,in diploid strawberr...The WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and resistance,but only a few members have been identified in strawberry.Here we identified a WRKY transcription factor,FvWRKY50,in diploid strawberry which played essential roles in strawberry vegetative growth,and reproductive growth.Knocking out FvWRKY50 by genome editing accelerated flowering time and leaf senescence but delayed anthocyanin accumulation in fruit.Further analysis showed that FvWRKY50 acted as a transcriptional repressor to negatively regulate the expression of flowering-and leaf senescence-related genes,including FvFT2,FvCO,FvFT3,and FvSAUR36.Notably,FvWRKY50 directly upregulated the expression of FvCHI and FvDFR by binding their promoter under normal conditions,but at low temperature FvWRKY50 was phosphorylated by FvMAPK3 and then induced protein degradation by ubiquitination,delaying anthocyanin accumulation.In addition,the homozygous mutant of FvWRKY50 was smaller while the biallelic mutant showed normal size.These new findings provide important clues for us to further reveal the regulatory mechanisms of strawberry growth and fruit ripening.展开更多
Iron oxidation is a prevalent and important biogeochemical process in paddy soil,but little is known about whether and how microbially mediated iron oxidation is coupled with carbon assimilation,particularly under mic...Iron oxidation is a prevalent and important biogeochemical process in paddy soil,but little is known about whether and how microbially mediated iron oxidation is coupled with carbon assimilation,particularly under microaerobic conditions.Here,we investigated kinetics of CO_2 assimilation and Fe(Ⅱ)oxidation in an incubation experiment with paddy soil under suboxic conditions,and profiled the associated microbial community using DNA-stable isotope probing and 16S r RNA gene-based sequencing.The results showed that CO_2 assimilation and Fe(II)oxidation in the gradient tubes were predominantly mediated by the microbes enriched in the paddy soil,primarily Azospirillum and Magnetospirillum,as their relative abundances were higher in the^( 13)C heavy fractions compared to^( 12)C heavy fractions.This study provided direct evidence of chemoautotrophic microaerophiles linking iron oxidation and carbon assimilation at the oxic–anoxic interface in the paddy soil ecosystem.展开更多
Inter-subtype recombination is the main force for the complexity of HIV-1 genetic diversity,which increases the difficulty of preventing HIV-1 infection and administering antiretroviral therapy for people living with ...Inter-subtype recombination is the main force for the complexity of HIV-1 genetic diversity,which increases the difficulty of preventing HIV-1 infection and administering antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV.To date,143 circulating recombinant forms(CRFs)have been re-ported globally,43 of which were identified in China.^(1)Moreover,HIV-1 strains that are produced by second-gen-eration combinations,including unique recombinant forms and CRFs,such as CRF105_0108,CRF123_0107,and CRF134_0185.展开更多
Herein,we report a novel and highly efficient method for the synthesis ofα-phosphoryloxy carbonyl compounds via Rucatalyzed P(O)O–H insertion reactions of sulfoxonium ylides and phosphinic acids,with the assistance ...Herein,we report a novel and highly efficient method for the synthesis ofα-phosphoryloxy carbonyl compounds via Rucatalyzed P(O)O–H insertion reactions of sulfoxonium ylides and phosphinic acids,with the assistance of high-throughput experimentation(HTE)and machine learning(ML).A variety of P(O)O−H derivatives,including diarylphosphates,alkyl phosphates,and alkoxyphosphates,are competent candidates to react with sulfoxonium ylides in this transformation,and variousα-phosphoryloxy carbonyls and propylene phosphates are directly constructed.This approach utilizes readily available sulfoxonium ylide as a carbene precursor,and features mild conditions,operational simplicity,and broad functional groups tolerance,and could be used for late-stage functionalization of structurally complex bioactive molecules.Moreover,a conducive exploration of the reaction space is also conducted(756 reactions)and a machine learning model for reaction yield prediction has been developed and applied,showcasing the practical application of this newly workflow(HTE-ML)in the field of synthetic chemistry.展开更多
Acute heart failure(AHF)is a severe complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Although some AHF biomarkers have been used in clinic,they have limitations when applied in the prediction and di...Acute heart failure(AHF)is a severe complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Although some AHF biomarkers have been used in clinic,they have limitations when applied in the prediction and diagnosis of AHF after cardiac surgery with CPB,and there are still no effective and specific biomarkers.We and other researchers have shown that circulating microparticles(MPs)increased in a variety of cardiovascular diseases.However,whether the concentration of circulating MPs could be a new biomarker for AHF after cardiac surgery remains unknown.Here,90 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB and 45 healthy subjects were enrolled.Patients were assigned into AHF(n=14)or non-AHF(n=76)group according to the diagnosis criteria of AHF.The concentrations of circulating MPs were determined before,as well as 12 h and 3 days after operation with nanoparticle tracking analysis technique.MPs concentrations in patients before surgery were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects.Plasma levels of MPs were significantly elevated at 12 h after surgery in patients with AHF,but not in those without AHF,and the circulating MPs concentrations at 12 h after surgery were higher in AHF group compared with non-AHF group.Logistic regression analysis indicated that MPs concentration at postoperative 12 h was an independent risk factor for AHF.The area under receiver operating characteristic curve for MPs concentration at postoperative 12 h was 0.87 and the best cut-off value is 5.20×10~8 particles mL~(–1)with a sensitivity of 93%and a specificity of 70%.These data suggested that the concentration of circulating MPs might be a new biomarker for the occurrence of AHF after cardiac surgery with CPB.展开更多
Microaerobic Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation process at neutral pH, driven by microbes can couple to carbon assimilation process in iron-rich freshwater and marine environments;however, few studies report such coupled processes in p...Microaerobic Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation process at neutral pH, driven by microbes can couple to carbon assimilation process in iron-rich freshwater and marine environments;however, few studies report such coupled processes in paddy soil of the critical zone in South China. In this study, rhizosphere soil from flooded paddy field was used as the inoculum to enrich the microaerophilic Fe(Ⅱ)-oxidizing bacteria(FeOB) in gradient tubes with different Fe(Ⅱ) substrates(FeS and FeCO_3) and ^(13)C-biocarbonate as inorganic carbon source to track the carbon assimilation. Kinetics of Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation and biomineralization were analyzed, and the composition and abundance of the microbial community were profiled using 16 S rRNA gene-based highthroughput sequencing. Results showed that microbial cell bands were formed 0.5–1.0 cm below the medium surface in the inoculated tubes with Fe(Ⅱ) substances, while no cell band was found in the non-inocula controls. The protein concentrations in the cell bands reached the highest values at 18.7–22.9 mg m^L(-1) on 6 d in the inocula tubes with Fe(Ⅱ) substrates. A plateau of the yields of ^(13)C-biocarbonate incorporation was observed during 6–15 d at 0.44–0.54% and 1.61–1.98% in the inocula tubes with FeS and FeCO_3, respectively. The inocula tube with FeS showed a higher Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation rate of 0.156 mmol L^(-1) d^(-1) than that with FeCO_3(0.106 mmol L^(-1) d^(-1)). Analyses of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that amorphous iron oxide was formed on the surface of rod-shaped bacteria after Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation.Relative to the agar only control, the abundances of Clostridium and Pseudogulbenkiania increased in the inocula tube with FeS,while those of Vogesella, Magnetospirillum, Solitalea, and Oxalicibacterium increased in the inocula tube with FeCO_3, all of which might be the potential microaerophilic FeOB in paddy soil. The findings in this study suggest that microbes that couple microaerobic Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation to carbon assimilation existed in the paddy soil, which provides an insight into the iron-carbon coupling transformation under microaerobic conditions in the critical zone of the iron-rich red soil.展开更多
A product typically exhibits three different failure rates across its lifetime:increasing,decreasing,or constant.This paper studies how the characteristics of failure rate impact the supply chain coordination for an e...A product typically exhibits three different failure rates across its lifetime:increasing,decreasing,or constant.This paper studies how the characteristics of failure rate impact the supply chain coordination for an extended warranty program involving a manufacturer and a retailer.A two-stage Stackelberg game is utilized to model the interaction between these two players.Two extended warranty channel structures are compared depending on whether the manufacturer or the retailer offers the warranty service.The analysis shows that the failure rate trend during the warranty period has different effects on the coordination of the service supply chain.When a product has an increasing or constant failure rate,the optimal length of extended warranty offered by the retailer is longer than that of the manufacturer,while the optimal length is shorter for a product with a decreasing failure rate.If a product during the warranty coverage has an increasing or constant failure rate,a longer extended warranty period will motivate customers to buy the product without the warranty,whereas more customers will buy both the product and the warranty if the product experiences a decreasing failure rate.It is concluded that,if the manufacturer and the retailer incur the same warranty service cost,the total profit in the supply chain is higher when the manufacturer offers the extended warranty.From the game participants'perspective,the one which sells the extended warranty will obtain more profit.展开更多
Objective::In contrast to the most commonly reported forms of maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY),including MODY2,MODY3 and MODY5,MODY6 is a relatively rare subtype.To investigate whether NEUROD1 is responsible...Objective::In contrast to the most commonly reported forms of maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY),including MODY2,MODY3 and MODY5,MODY6 is a relatively rare subtype.To investigate whether NEUROD1 is responsible for MODY in Chinese individuals,we screened its mutations in MODY pedigrees and explored the potential pathogenic mechanisms.Methods::Polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing was performed to screen NEUROD1 mutations in 32 Chinese MODY probands who were negative for the GCK/MODY2,HNF1A/MODY3 and HNF1B/MODY5 genes in this observational study.In addition,we enrolled 201 unrelated,non-diabetic control subjects of Han Chinese descent.The functional significance of newly identified mutations was analyzed using clinical phenotype,pathophysiology and three-dimensional structure studies.This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital,China(approval No.YS-2017-83)on March 3,2017.Results::E59Q(c.175 G>C,p.Glu59Gln),a heterozygous missense mutation in the NEUROD1 gene,was identified in one family with MODY.The Glu59 residue in NeuroD1 is highly conserved across mammalian species.Four diabetic patients carrying the mutation(a proband and her son,brother and sister)were lean,with a body mass index of 20.9(20.3-21.2)kg/m 2.Compared with their unaffected relatives(n=4),E59Q carriers(n=4)had significantly decreased ratios of fasting and 2-hour insulin to plasma glucose(both fasting plasma insulin/fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour postprandial plasma insulin/2-hour postprandial plasma glucose,P<0.005).The proband’s father had an E59Q mutation and normal glucose tolerance,which suggested non-penetrance.The E59Q mutation was not detected in other probands or in the 201 control subjects with normal glucose tolerance.Two salt-bridge bonds of Glu59 were disrupted at the Q59 mutation site.Conclusion::The NEUROD1-E59Q mutation changed the molecular conformation of the N-terminal in NeuroD1,which may decrease binding of the E59Q mutant to the insulin promoter and insulin gene transcription activity,therefore causing the MODY6 subtype with defective insulin secretion.展开更多
Ice-rich permafrost thaws as a result of Arctic warming,and the land surface collapses to form characteristic thermokarst landscapes.Thermokarst landscapes can bring instability to the permafrost layer,affecting regio...Ice-rich permafrost thaws as a result of Arctic warming,and the land surface collapses to form characteristic thermokarst landscapes.Thermokarst landscapes can bring instability to the permafrost layer,affecting regional geomorphology,hydrology,and ecology and may further lead to permafrost degradation and greenhouse gas emissions.Field observations in permafrost regions are often limited,while satellite imagery provides a valuable record of land surface dynamics.Currently,continuous monitoring of regional-scale thermokarst landscape dynamics and disturbances remains a challenging task.In this study,we combined the Theil–Sen estimator with the LandTrendr algorithm to create a process flow for monitoring thermokarst landscape dynamics in Arctic permafrost region on the Google Earth Engine platform.A robust linear trend analysis of the Landsat Tasseled Cap index time series based on the Theil–Sen estimator and Mann–Kendall test showed the overall trends in greenness,wetness,and brightness in northern Alaska over the past 20 years.Six types of disturbances that occur in thermokarst landscape were demonstrated and highlighted,including long-term processes(thermokarst lake expansion,shoreline retreat,and river erosion)and short-term events(thermokarst lake drainage,wildfires,and abrupt vegetation change).These disturbances are widespread throughout the Arctic permafrost region and represent hotspots of abrupt permafrost thaw in a warming context,which would destabilize fragile thermokarst landscapes rich in soil organic carbon and affect the ecological carbon balance.The cases we present provide a basis for understanding and quantifying specific disturbance analyses that will facilitate the integration of thermokarst processes into climate models.展开更多
Taste is a multifaceted sensory experience that involves various human senses related to food and is a key indicator of food quality.A biomimetic taste-based biosensor,which utilizes taste bud organoids as sensitive e...Taste is a multifaceted sensory experience that involves various human senses related to food and is a key indicator of food quality.A biomimetic taste-based biosensor,which utilizes taste bud organoids as sensitive elements,is able to simulate the real responses of taste transduction in vitro.Taste bud organoids are three-dimensional structures created from taste stem/progenitor cells,integrated with transducers to develop the biosensor.In this research,organoids derived from mouse taste epithelium were employed as the sensitive element,while a microelectrode array(MEA)device served as the transduction element to create the biosensor.Following exposure to sour,sweet,bitter,and salty stimuli,one specific channel was chosen,and the average discharge rates were calculated as 6.5±2.29 Hz,7.25±3.77 Hz,3.33±2.62 Hz,and 4.6±2.42 Hz,respectively.Statistical analysis indicated that,apart from the sour taste,the frequency and amplitude of the other three taste stimuli showed significant increases.Principal component analysis(PCA)demonstrated the ability to identify and differentiate various tastes during taste conduction monitoring.Additionally,it was observed that on day 14,the taste bud organoids exhibited aggregation and fusion,leading to the formation of typical taste bud structures,indicating their maturation.This research offers a theoretical foundation and a valuable tool for effective and objective taste detection in vitro.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51778618 and 52070192)the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering(No.SKL-MCE-23B09)the open fund of Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province(No.IMIS202213).
文摘Increasing attention has been paid to radioactive wastewater to direct discharge in Japan or accidental leaks.Strontium-90(90Sr)and Cobalt-60(^(60)Co)are the most hazardous nuclides in waste discharged form nuclear reactors.Because of their high solubility and long half-lives,these radioisotopes can persist for hundreds of years before decaying to negligible levels.Herein,a green and biodegradable material nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)supported by bacterial cellulose particles(BCP-nZVI)is constructed for the first time to adsorb Co^(2+)and Sr^(2+)in single and binary systems.BCP-nZVI shows superior adsorption capacities of Co^(2+)and Sr^(2+)in a single system within a wide range of pH values from 5 to 7,while the coexistence of Co^(2+)adsorption inhibits the Sr^(2+)in binary system.Pseudo-second-order dynamics model and Langmuir isothermal model can be indicated the BCP-nZVI adsorption progress with 107.10 mg/g(Co^(2+))and 64.96 mg/g(Sr^(2+))maximum adsorption capacity.BCP-nZVI has outstanding stability,allowing it to be stored for more than one month with compromising its performance.More importantly,BCP-nZVI exhibits exceptional removal efficiency of Co^(2+)(92.53%)and Sr^(2+)(58.62%)removal in natural seawater systems.The mechanism investigation illustrates the high adsorption capacity of BCP-nZVI for Co^(2+)is controlled by redox and hydroxyl complexation.While Sr^(2+)is controlled by hydroxyl complexed adsorption,thus it has weak against interference by cations like Na^(+),Ca^(2+),etc.BCP-nZVI exhibits the advantages of high adsorption capacity,wide pH range,strong stability,and good applicability in natural seawater,which has excellent potential for application in radioactive ions removal.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42330708 and 41820104001)。
文摘For engineering structures with saline soil as a filling material,such as channel slope,road subgrade,etc.,the rich soluble salt in the soil is an important potential factor affecting their safety performance.This study examines the Atterberg limits,shear strength,and compressibility of carbonate saline soil samples with different NaHCO3 contents in Northeast China.The mechanism underlying the influence of salt content on soil macroscopic properties was investigated based on a volumetric flask test,a mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)test,and a scanning electron microscopic(SEM)test.The results demonstrated that when NaHCO3 contents were lower than the threshold value of 1.5%,the bound water film adsorbed on the surface of clay particles thickened continuously,and correspondingly,the Atterberg limits and plasticity index increased rapidly as the increase of sodium ion content.Meanwhile,the bonding force between particles was weakened,the dispersion of large aggregates was enhanced,and the soil structure became looser.Macroscopically,the compressibility increased and the shear strength(mainly cohesion)decreased by 28.64%.However,when the NaHCO3 content exceeded the threshold value of 1.5%,the salt gradually approached solubility and filled the pores between particles in the form of crystals,resulting in a decrease in soil porosity.The cementation effect generated by salt crystals increased the bonding force between soil particles,leading to a decrease in plasticity index and an improvement in soil mechanical properties.Moreover,this work provides valuable suggestions and theoretical guidance for the scientific utilization of carbonate saline soil in backfill engineering projects.
文摘Synchronous generators are important components of power systems and are necessary to maintain its normal and stable operation.To perform the fault diagnosis of mild inter-turn short circuit in the excitation winding of a synchronous generator,a gate recurrent unit-convolutional neural network(GRU-CNN)model whose structural parameters were determined by improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)is proposed.The outputs of the model are the excitation current and reactive power.The total offset distance,which is the fusion of the offset distance of the excitation current and offset distance of the reactive power,was selected as the fault judgment criterion.The fusion weights of the excitation current and reactive power were determined using the anti-entropy weighting method.The fault-warning threshold and fault-warning ratio were set according to the normal total offset distance,and the fault warning time was set according to the actual situation.The fault-warning time and fault-warning ratio were used to avoid misdiagnosis.The proposed method was verified experimentally.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2018YFD1000200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772284).
文摘The quality traits of horticultural crops,including the accumulation of nutrients and flavor substances,morphology,and texture,affect the palatability and nutritional value.For many years,efforts have been made to improve the quality of horticultural crops.The recent establishment of gene editing technology,with its potential applications in horticultural crops,provides a strategy for achieving this goal in a rapid and efficient manner.Here,we summarize research efforts aimed at improving horticultural crop quality through genome editing.We describe specific genome editing systems that have been used and traits that have been targeted in these efforts.Additionally,we discuss limiting factors and future perspectives of genome editing technology in improving horticultural crop qualities in both research and plant breeding.In summary,genome editing technology is emerging as a powerful tool for efficiently and rapidly improving horticultural crop quality,and we believe that the cautious application of genome editing in horticultural crops will generate new germplasms with improved quality in the near future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31572104, 31772284, 31471851 and 31672133)the Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation of China (No. 151027)the Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application (kf2016023)
文摘CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is a powerful tool for life science research. Recently, strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), an important horticultural crop, has emerged as a model organism for investigating the regulatory mechanisms of fruit development and ripening (Shulaev et al., 2011; Jia et al., 2013, 2017; Kang et al., 2013; Han et al., 2015). While most cultivated strawberries
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant NO.31471851,31672133 and 31872086)the 111 Project(Grant No.B17043).
文摘Strawberry is increasingly used as a model plant for research on fruit growth and development.The transient gene manipulation(TGM)technique is widely used to determine the function of plant genes,including those in strawberry fruits.However,its reliable application for the precise identification of gene function has been difficult owing to the lack of conditional optimization.In this study,we found that successful transient gene manipulation requires optimization,with the vector type,temperature,and fruit developmental stage being three major factors determining success.Notably,we found that transient gene manipulation was feasible only from the large green fruit stage onwards,making it especially suitable for identifying genes involved in strawberry fruit ripening.Furthermore,we established a method called percentage difference of phenotype(PDP),in which the functional effect of a gene could be precisely and efficiently identified in strawberry fruits.This method can be used to estimate the functional effect of a gene as a value from 0 to 100%,such that different genes can be quantitatively compared for their relative abilities to regulate fruit ripening.This study provides a useful tool for accelerating research on the molecular basis of strawberry fruit ripening.
基金Thisworkwas supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32222074,32072551)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2100102-3)+2 种基金111 Project(B17043)Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(BAIC04-2022)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘The WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and resistance,but only a few members have been identified in strawberry.Here we identified a WRKY transcription factor,FvWRKY50,in diploid strawberry which played essential roles in strawberry vegetative growth,and reproductive growth.Knocking out FvWRKY50 by genome editing accelerated flowering time and leaf senescence but delayed anthocyanin accumulation in fruit.Further analysis showed that FvWRKY50 acted as a transcriptional repressor to negatively regulate the expression of flowering-and leaf senescence-related genes,including FvFT2,FvCO,FvFT3,and FvSAUR36.Notably,FvWRKY50 directly upregulated the expression of FvCHI and FvDFR by binding their promoter under normal conditions,but at low temperature FvWRKY50 was phosphorylated by FvMAPK3 and then induced protein degradation by ubiquitination,delaying anthocyanin accumulation.In addition,the homozygous mutant of FvWRKY50 was smaller while the biallelic mutant showed normal size.These new findings provide important clues for us to further reveal the regulatory mechanisms of strawberry growth and fruit ripening.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(41420104007,41330857,and 41701295)Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar(2014A030306041)and Special Support Program(2016)
文摘Iron oxidation is a prevalent and important biogeochemical process in paddy soil,but little is known about whether and how microbially mediated iron oxidation is coupled with carbon assimilation,particularly under microaerobic conditions.Here,we investigated kinetics of CO_2 assimilation and Fe(Ⅱ)oxidation in an incubation experiment with paddy soil under suboxic conditions,and profiled the associated microbial community using DNA-stable isotope probing and 16S r RNA gene-based sequencing.The results showed that CO_2 assimilation and Fe(II)oxidation in the gradient tubes were predominantly mediated by the microbes enriched in the paddy soil,primarily Azospirillum and Magnetospirillum,as their relative abundances were higher in the^( 13)C heavy fractions compared to^( 12)C heavy fractions.This study provided direct evidence of chemoautotrophic microaerophiles linking iron oxidation and carbon assimilation at the oxic–anoxic interface in the paddy soil ecosystem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82060367)the Science and Technology Plan of Health Commission of Jiangxi Province,China(No.SKJP_220210624)the Science and Technology Research Project of the Department of Education of Jiangxi Province,China(No.GJJ2201455,GJJ211527).
文摘Inter-subtype recombination is the main force for the complexity of HIV-1 genetic diversity,which increases the difficulty of preventing HIV-1 infection and administering antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV.To date,143 circulating recombinant forms(CRFs)have been re-ported globally,43 of which were identified in China.^(1)Moreover,HIV-1 strains that are produced by second-gen-eration combinations,including unique recombinant forms and CRFs,such as CRF105_0108,CRF123_0107,and CRF134_0185.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22372044,22393892,22002169,22071249)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012583,2019A1515111111)the Major Program of Guangzhou National Laboratory(GZNL2023A02012)。
文摘Herein,we report a novel and highly efficient method for the synthesis ofα-phosphoryloxy carbonyl compounds via Rucatalyzed P(O)O–H insertion reactions of sulfoxonium ylides and phosphinic acids,with the assistance of high-throughput experimentation(HTE)and machine learning(ML).A variety of P(O)O−H derivatives,including diarylphosphates,alkyl phosphates,and alkoxyphosphates,are competent candidates to react with sulfoxonium ylides in this transformation,and variousα-phosphoryloxy carbonyls and propylene phosphates are directly constructed.This approach utilizes readily available sulfoxonium ylide as a carbene precursor,and features mild conditions,operational simplicity,and broad functional groups tolerance,and could be used for late-stage functionalization of structurally complex bioactive molecules.Moreover,a conducive exploration of the reaction space is also conducted(756 reactions)and a machine learning model for reaction yield prediction has been developed and applied,showcasing the practical application of this newly workflow(HTE-ML)in the field of synthetic chemistry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81670392,81600382,81770241,81830013,81970363)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(81325001)+4 种基金the International Cooperation Project(2015DFA31070)from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0903000)the Changjiang Scholars Program from the Ministry of Education of China,Guangdong Natural Science Fund Committee(2015A030312009)the Guangdong Pearl River Scholars Programthe Sun Yat-sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program(2014002)。
文摘Acute heart failure(AHF)is a severe complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Although some AHF biomarkers have been used in clinic,they have limitations when applied in the prediction and diagnosis of AHF after cardiac surgery with CPB,and there are still no effective and specific biomarkers.We and other researchers have shown that circulating microparticles(MPs)increased in a variety of cardiovascular diseases.However,whether the concentration of circulating MPs could be a new biomarker for AHF after cardiac surgery remains unknown.Here,90 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB and 45 healthy subjects were enrolled.Patients were assigned into AHF(n=14)or non-AHF(n=76)group according to the diagnosis criteria of AHF.The concentrations of circulating MPs were determined before,as well as 12 h and 3 days after operation with nanoparticle tracking analysis technique.MPs concentrations in patients before surgery were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects.Plasma levels of MPs were significantly elevated at 12 h after surgery in patients with AHF,but not in those without AHF,and the circulating MPs concentrations at 12 h after surgery were higher in AHF group compared with non-AHF group.Logistic regression analysis indicated that MPs concentration at postoperative 12 h was an independent risk factor for AHF.The area under receiver operating characteristic curve for MPs concentration at postoperative 12 h was 0.87 and the best cut-off value is 5.20×10~8 particles mL~(–1)with a sensitivity of 93%and a specificity of 70%.These data suggested that the concentration of circulating MPs might be a new biomarker for the occurrence of AHF after cardiac surgery with CPB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41571130052, 41701295 & 41271263)the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. 2017A030306010)
文摘Microaerobic Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation process at neutral pH, driven by microbes can couple to carbon assimilation process in iron-rich freshwater and marine environments;however, few studies report such coupled processes in paddy soil of the critical zone in South China. In this study, rhizosphere soil from flooded paddy field was used as the inoculum to enrich the microaerophilic Fe(Ⅱ)-oxidizing bacteria(FeOB) in gradient tubes with different Fe(Ⅱ) substrates(FeS and FeCO_3) and ^(13)C-biocarbonate as inorganic carbon source to track the carbon assimilation. Kinetics of Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation and biomineralization were analyzed, and the composition and abundance of the microbial community were profiled using 16 S rRNA gene-based highthroughput sequencing. Results showed that microbial cell bands were formed 0.5–1.0 cm below the medium surface in the inoculated tubes with Fe(Ⅱ) substances, while no cell band was found in the non-inocula controls. The protein concentrations in the cell bands reached the highest values at 18.7–22.9 mg m^L(-1) on 6 d in the inocula tubes with Fe(Ⅱ) substrates. A plateau of the yields of ^(13)C-biocarbonate incorporation was observed during 6–15 d at 0.44–0.54% and 1.61–1.98% in the inocula tubes with FeS and FeCO_3, respectively. The inocula tube with FeS showed a higher Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation rate of 0.156 mmol L^(-1) d^(-1) than that with FeCO_3(0.106 mmol L^(-1) d^(-1)). Analyses of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that amorphous iron oxide was formed on the surface of rod-shaped bacteria after Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation.Relative to the agar only control, the abundances of Clostridium and Pseudogulbenkiania increased in the inocula tube with FeS,while those of Vogesella, Magnetospirillum, Solitalea, and Oxalicibacterium increased in the inocula tube with FeCO_3, all of which might be the potential microaerophilic FeOB in paddy soil. The findings in this study suggest that microbes that couple microaerobic Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation to carbon assimilation existed in the paddy soil, which provides an insight into the iron-carbon coupling transformation under microaerobic conditions in the critical zone of the iron-rich red soil.
基金This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71571175by Special Grant of SoM USTC:Fair distribution of necessities and social relief materials in major public health emergencies.
文摘A product typically exhibits three different failure rates across its lifetime:increasing,decreasing,or constant.This paper studies how the characteristics of failure rate impact the supply chain coordination for an extended warranty program involving a manufacturer and a retailer.A two-stage Stackelberg game is utilized to model the interaction between these two players.Two extended warranty channel structures are compared depending on whether the manufacturer or the retailer offers the warranty service.The analysis shows that the failure rate trend during the warranty period has different effects on the coordination of the service supply chain.When a product has an increasing or constant failure rate,the optimal length of extended warranty offered by the retailer is longer than that of the manufacturer,while the optimal length is shorter for a product with a decreasing failure rate.If a product during the warranty coverage has an increasing or constant failure rate,a longer extended warranty period will motivate customers to buy the product without the warranty,whereas more customers will buy both the product and the warranty if the product experiences a decreasing failure rate.It is concluded that,if the manufacturer and the retailer incur the same warranty service cost,the total profit in the supply chain is higher when the manufacturer offers the extended warranty.From the game participants'perspective,the one which sells the extended warranty will obtain more profit.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81970686,81770791,81471012,81270876,to LL)the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China(No.YG2019ZDA08,to LL)+1 种基金the Shanghai Leading Talent,China(No.SLJ15055,to LL)the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases(No.SC1DK104821,to YL)
文摘Objective::In contrast to the most commonly reported forms of maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY),including MODY2,MODY3 and MODY5,MODY6 is a relatively rare subtype.To investigate whether NEUROD1 is responsible for MODY in Chinese individuals,we screened its mutations in MODY pedigrees and explored the potential pathogenic mechanisms.Methods::Polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing was performed to screen NEUROD1 mutations in 32 Chinese MODY probands who were negative for the GCK/MODY2,HNF1A/MODY3 and HNF1B/MODY5 genes in this observational study.In addition,we enrolled 201 unrelated,non-diabetic control subjects of Han Chinese descent.The functional significance of newly identified mutations was analyzed using clinical phenotype,pathophysiology and three-dimensional structure studies.This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital,China(approval No.YS-2017-83)on March 3,2017.Results::E59Q(c.175 G>C,p.Glu59Gln),a heterozygous missense mutation in the NEUROD1 gene,was identified in one family with MODY.The Glu59 residue in NeuroD1 is highly conserved across mammalian species.Four diabetic patients carrying the mutation(a proband and her son,brother and sister)were lean,with a body mass index of 20.9(20.3-21.2)kg/m 2.Compared with their unaffected relatives(n=4),E59Q carriers(n=4)had significantly decreased ratios of fasting and 2-hour insulin to plasma glucose(both fasting plasma insulin/fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour postprandial plasma insulin/2-hour postprandial plasma glucose,P<0.005).The proband’s father had an E59Q mutation and normal glucose tolerance,which suggested non-penetrance.The E59Q mutation was not detected in other probands or in the 201 control subjects with normal glucose tolerance.Two salt-bridge bonds of Glu59 were disrupted at the Q59 mutation site.Conclusion::The NEUROD1-E59Q mutation changed the molecular conformation of the N-terminal in NeuroD1,which may decrease binding of the E59Q mutant to the insulin promoter and insulin gene transcription activity,therefore causing the MODY6 subtype with defective insulin secretion.
基金This research was funded by the National Outstanding Youth Grant(#41925027)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant 2019YFC1509104).
文摘Ice-rich permafrost thaws as a result of Arctic warming,and the land surface collapses to form characteristic thermokarst landscapes.Thermokarst landscapes can bring instability to the permafrost layer,affecting regional geomorphology,hydrology,and ecology and may further lead to permafrost degradation and greenhouse gas emissions.Field observations in permafrost regions are often limited,while satellite imagery provides a valuable record of land surface dynamics.Currently,continuous monitoring of regional-scale thermokarst landscape dynamics and disturbances remains a challenging task.In this study,we combined the Theil–Sen estimator with the LandTrendr algorithm to create a process flow for monitoring thermokarst landscape dynamics in Arctic permafrost region on the Google Earth Engine platform.A robust linear trend analysis of the Landsat Tasseled Cap index time series based on the Theil–Sen estimator and Mann–Kendall test showed the overall trends in greenness,wetness,and brightness in northern Alaska over the past 20 years.Six types of disturbances that occur in thermokarst landscape were demonstrated and highlighted,including long-term processes(thermokarst lake expansion,shoreline retreat,and river erosion)and short-term events(thermokarst lake drainage,wildfires,and abrupt vegetation change).These disturbances are widespread throughout the Arctic permafrost region and represent hotspots of abrupt permafrost thaw in a warming context,which would destabilize fragile thermokarst landscapes rich in soil organic carbon and affect the ecological carbon balance.The cases we present provide a basis for understanding and quantifying specific disturbance analyses that will facilitate the integration of thermokarst processes into climate models.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Number 2023YFC2606700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 32271427,32471433,and 32071370).
文摘Taste is a multifaceted sensory experience that involves various human senses related to food and is a key indicator of food quality.A biomimetic taste-based biosensor,which utilizes taste bud organoids as sensitive elements,is able to simulate the real responses of taste transduction in vitro.Taste bud organoids are three-dimensional structures created from taste stem/progenitor cells,integrated with transducers to develop the biosensor.In this research,organoids derived from mouse taste epithelium were employed as the sensitive element,while a microelectrode array(MEA)device served as the transduction element to create the biosensor.Following exposure to sour,sweet,bitter,and salty stimuli,one specific channel was chosen,and the average discharge rates were calculated as 6.5±2.29 Hz,7.25±3.77 Hz,3.33±2.62 Hz,and 4.6±2.42 Hz,respectively.Statistical analysis indicated that,apart from the sour taste,the frequency and amplitude of the other three taste stimuli showed significant increases.Principal component analysis(PCA)demonstrated the ability to identify and differentiate various tastes during taste conduction monitoring.Additionally,it was observed that on day 14,the taste bud organoids exhibited aggregation and fusion,leading to the formation of typical taste bud structures,indicating their maturation.This research offers a theoretical foundation and a valuable tool for effective and objective taste detection in vitro.
