We examined the effect of androgens on bladder blood flow （BBF）, bladder function and histological changes in castrated male rats. Male Wistar rats were classified into unoperated group （control group）, groups cas...We examined the effect of androgens on bladder blood flow （BBF）, bladder function and histological changes in castrated male rats. Male Wistar rats were classified into unoperated group （control group）, groups castrated at the age of 8weeks （group 8wPC） and groups castrated at the age of 4weeks （group 4wPC）. Each rat was used at the age of 20weeks. BBF was measured using fluorescent microspheres. Bladder cystometry was performed without anesthesia or restraint; the bladder was first irrigated with saline and then with 0.25% acetic acid （AA） solution. Maximum voiding pressure and voiding interval were measured. The bladder and lilac artery were histologically examined for differences in smooth muscle and quantity of collagen fiber to analyze the effect of castration on the smooth muscle content. No differences were noted in BBF following castration. The voiding intervals for all groups were shortened （P 〈 0.001） following AA irrigation. No significant difference was noted in the maximum voiding pressure. Histological changes were observed in bladder and lilac artery. Smooth muscle/collagen ratio at the bladder was lower in groups 8wPC and 4wPC compared to the control group （P 〈 0.01）, while that at the lilac artery was decreased in group 4wPC compared to the control group （P〈 0.001）. In conclusion, our findings indicate that castration does not alter BBF, but leads to histological changes in the bladder as well as its associated blood vessels.展开更多
Chenguodaite, approved by IMA-CNMMN (2004-042a), was discovered in the Bunan quartz vein-type gold deposit in the gold district of East Shandong Peninsula. The mineral occurs in high grade Au-Ag-Cu ores, coexisting wi...Chenguodaite, approved by IMA-CNMMN (2004-042a), was discovered in the Bunan quartz vein-type gold deposit in the gold district of East Shandong Peninsula. The mineral occurs in high grade Au-Ag-Cu ores, coexisting with galena, chalcopyrite, hessite, electrum, unnamed Ag6TeS2 and Ag16FeBiTe3S8, enclosed and replaced by native silver and acanthite. In the reflected light microscope, the mineral has light gray color, indistinguishable anistropism and hardness around 2―3. The color indices of chenguodaite relative to ICE C illuminator are: x=0.3027, y=0.3076, Y=25.78%, λd=474 nm, Pe=3.68%, similar to those of canfieldite. The average chemical composition from 16 microprobe analyses is Ag8.97Fe1.00Te1.99S4.04, idealized to Ag9FeTe2S4. The polycrystalline X-ray diffraction of chenguodaite by Gandolfi camera and synchrotron oscillation photography results in 67 reflections with the 12 strongest being (relative intensity in bracket): 6.742(69), 6.416(39), 5.951(33), 3.265(100), 2.981(24), 2.649(22), 2.25(24), 2.188(71), 2.142(22), 2.123(31), 2.044(23), 1.949(33), which are indexed to a primitive orthorhombic cell with a=12.769 (2) , b= 14.814(2), c= 16.233 (1) , V= 3070.63, Z = 9, Dcal.=6.85 g/cm3. The name is for the late Prof. Chen Guoda, a famous Chinese geologist and the founder of Diwa-Geodepression theory of tectonics.展开更多
文摘We examined the effect of androgens on bladder blood flow （BBF）, bladder function and histological changes in castrated male rats. Male Wistar rats were classified into unoperated group （control group）, groups castrated at the age of 8weeks （group 8wPC） and groups castrated at the age of 4weeks （group 4wPC）. Each rat was used at the age of 20weeks. BBF was measured using fluorescent microspheres. Bladder cystometry was performed without anesthesia or restraint; the bladder was first irrigated with saline and then with 0.25% acetic acid （AA） solution. Maximum voiding pressure and voiding interval were measured. The bladder and lilac artery were histologically examined for differences in smooth muscle and quantity of collagen fiber to analyze the effect of castration on the smooth muscle content. No differences were noted in BBF following castration. The voiding intervals for all groups were shortened （P 〈 0.001） following AA irrigation. No significant difference was noted in the maximum voiding pressure. Histological changes were observed in bladder and lilac artery. Smooth muscle/collagen ratio at the bladder was lower in groups 8wPC and 4wPC compared to the control group （P 〈 0.01）, while that at the lilac artery was decreased in group 4wPC compared to the control group （P〈 0.001）. In conclusion, our findings indicate that castration does not alter BBF, but leads to histological changes in the bladder as well as its associated blood vessels.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40572027)
文摘Chenguodaite, approved by IMA-CNMMN (2004-042a), was discovered in the Bunan quartz vein-type gold deposit in the gold district of East Shandong Peninsula. The mineral occurs in high grade Au-Ag-Cu ores, coexisting with galena, chalcopyrite, hessite, electrum, unnamed Ag6TeS2 and Ag16FeBiTe3S8, enclosed and replaced by native silver and acanthite. In the reflected light microscope, the mineral has light gray color, indistinguishable anistropism and hardness around 2―3. The color indices of chenguodaite relative to ICE C illuminator are: x=0.3027, y=0.3076, Y=25.78%, λd=474 nm, Pe=3.68%, similar to those of canfieldite. The average chemical composition from 16 microprobe analyses is Ag8.97Fe1.00Te1.99S4.04, idealized to Ag9FeTe2S4. The polycrystalline X-ray diffraction of chenguodaite by Gandolfi camera and synchrotron oscillation photography results in 67 reflections with the 12 strongest being (relative intensity in bracket): 6.742(69), 6.416(39), 5.951(33), 3.265(100), 2.981(24), 2.649(22), 2.25(24), 2.188(71), 2.142(22), 2.123(31), 2.044(23), 1.949(33), which are indexed to a primitive orthorhombic cell with a=12.769 (2) , b= 14.814(2), c= 16.233 (1) , V= 3070.63, Z = 9, Dcal.=6.85 g/cm3. The name is for the late Prof. Chen Guoda, a famous Chinese geologist and the founder of Diwa-Geodepression theory of tectonics.
