Traffic accident frequency has been decreasing in Japan in recent years.Nevertheless,many accidents still occur on residential roads.Area-wide traffic calming measures including Zone 30,which discourages traffic by se...Traffic accident frequency has been decreasing in Japan in recent years.Nevertheless,many accidents still occur on residential roads.Area-wide traffic calming measures including Zone 30,which discourages traffic by setting a speed limit of 30 km/h in residential areas,have been implemented.However,no objective implementation method has been established.Development of a model for traffic accident density estimation explained by GIS data can enable the determination of dangerous areas objectively and easily,indicating where area-wide traffic calming can be implemented preferentially.This study examined the relations between traffic accidents and city characteristics,such as population,road factors,and spatial factors.A model was developed to estimate traffic accident density.Kernel density estimation(KDE)techniques were used to assess the relations efficiently.Besides,16 models were developed by combining accident locations,accident types,and data types.By using them,the applicability of traffic accident density estimation models was examined.Results obtained using Spearman rank correlation show high coefficients between the predicted number and the actual number.The model can indicate the relative accident risk in cities.Results of this study can be used for objective determination of areas where area-wide traffic calming can be implemented preferentially,even if sufficient traffic accident data are not available.展开更多
Intelligent speed adaptation （ISA） is considered as an effective measure to reduce number of traffic accidents in the field of intelligent transportation systems （ITS）. On the other hand, its effects for traffic s...Intelligent speed adaptation （ISA） is considered as an effective measure to reduce number of traffic accidents in the field of intelligent transportation systems （ITS）. On the other hand, its effects for traffic safety are still doubted by many people. To make the possibility analysis, an experiment is conducted by using driving simulator. Regarding ISA ap- proaches, there are three modes： mandatory, voluntary and advisory. Among them, the advisory type seems to be the easiest one to introduce. Therefore, we focus on the advisory mode in this study by considering ISA just at the beginning stage in Japan. The experiment consists of four steps： without ISA, ISA using pictures, ISA using voices and again without ISA. The outputs obtained from the driving simulator are analyzed combined with the consciousness of the participants. The experiment shows that the ISA can improve recognition of speed limitation especially for people who have random rambling or looking aside tendency. Furthermore, the ISA especially when using voices can contribute in changing the consciousness of people who are aggressive in driving. Their driving speeds can reduce so that positive effects on traffic safety can be concluded.展开更多
文摘Traffic accident frequency has been decreasing in Japan in recent years.Nevertheless,many accidents still occur on residential roads.Area-wide traffic calming measures including Zone 30,which discourages traffic by setting a speed limit of 30 km/h in residential areas,have been implemented.However,no objective implementation method has been established.Development of a model for traffic accident density estimation explained by GIS data can enable the determination of dangerous areas objectively and easily,indicating where area-wide traffic calming can be implemented preferentially.This study examined the relations between traffic accidents and city characteristics,such as population,road factors,and spatial factors.A model was developed to estimate traffic accident density.Kernel density estimation(KDE)techniques were used to assess the relations efficiently.Besides,16 models were developed by combining accident locations,accident types,and data types.By using them,the applicability of traffic accident density estimation models was examined.Results obtained using Spearman rank correlation show high coefficients between the predicted number and the actual number.The model can indicate the relative accident risk in cities.Results of this study can be used for objective determination of areas where area-wide traffic calming can be implemented preferentially,even if sufficient traffic accident data are not available.
文摘Intelligent speed adaptation （ISA） is considered as an effective measure to reduce number of traffic accidents in the field of intelligent transportation systems （ITS）. On the other hand, its effects for traffic safety are still doubted by many people. To make the possibility analysis, an experiment is conducted by using driving simulator. Regarding ISA ap- proaches, there are three modes： mandatory, voluntary and advisory. Among them, the advisory type seems to be the easiest one to introduce. Therefore, we focus on the advisory mode in this study by considering ISA just at the beginning stage in Japan. The experiment consists of four steps： without ISA, ISA using pictures, ISA using voices and again without ISA. The outputs obtained from the driving simulator are analyzed combined with the consciousness of the participants. The experiment shows that the ISA can improve recognition of speed limitation especially for people who have random rambling or looking aside tendency. Furthermore, the ISA especially when using voices can contribute in changing the consciousness of people who are aggressive in driving. Their driving speeds can reduce so that positive effects on traffic safety can be concluded.
