The cross-species infection of coronaviruses has resulted in several major epidemics since 2003.Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is a devastating swine enteric coronavirus,which targets pigs as the only natural re...The cross-species infection of coronaviruses has resulted in several major epidemics since 2003.Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is a devastating swine enteric coronavirus,which targets pigs as the only natural reservoir.In this study,the nucleic acid of PEDV was detected in rat fecal samples collected from pig farms.Further animal tests showed that PEDV can cause systemic infections in neonatal mice and rats via intracranial inoculation.The brain,lung,intestine and spleen were all targets for PEDV in rodents in contrast to the intestine being targeted in pigs.Morbidity and mortality vary via different infection routes.PEDV was also detectable in feces after infection,suggesting that the infected rodents were potential infectious sources.Moreover,the cerebral tropism of PEDV was verified in piglets via orally inoculation,which had not been identified before.In conclusion,our findings demonstrate that PEDV could cross the species barrier to infect mice and rats through different routes in experimental settings.Although it is highly devastating to piglets,PEDV changes the target organs and turns to be milder when meeting with new hosts.Based on these findings,more attention should be paid to the potential cross-species infection of PEDV.展开更多
An increased level of reactive oxygen species is a key factor in neuronal apoptosis and epileptic seizures.Irisin reportedly attenuates the apoptosis and injury induced by oxidative stress.Therefore,we evaluated the e...An increased level of reactive oxygen species is a key factor in neuronal apoptosis and epileptic seizures.Irisin reportedly attenuates the apoptosis and injury induced by oxidative stress.Therefore,we evaluated the effects of exogenous irisin in a kainic acid(KA)-induced chronic spontaneous epilepsy rat model.The results indicated that exogenous irisin significantly attenuated the KA-induced neuronal injury,learning and memory defects,and seizures.Irisin treatment also increased the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and uncoupling protein 2(UCP2),which were initially reduced following KA administration.Furthermore,the specific inhibitor of UCP2(genipin)was administered to evaluate the possible protective mechanism of irisin.The reduced apoptosis,neurodegeneration,and spontaneous seizures in rats treated with irisin were significantly reversed by genipin administration.Our findings indicated that neuronal injury in KA-induced chronic epilepsy might be related to reduced levels of BDNF and UCP2.Moreover,our results confirmed the inhibition of neuronal injury and epileptic seizures by exogenous irisin.The protective effects of irisin may be mediated through the BDNF-mediated UCP2 level.Our results thus highlight irisin as a valuable therapeutic strategy against neuronal injury and epileptic seizures.展开更多
The spinel LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNMO)cathode active materials(CAMs)are considered a promising alternative to commercially available cathodes such as layered and polyanion oxide cathodes,primarily due to their notab...The spinel LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNMO)cathode active materials(CAMs)are considered a promising alternative to commercially available cathodes such as layered and polyanion oxide cathodes,primarily due to their notable safety and high energy density,particularly in their single-crystal type.Nevertheless,the industrial application of the LNMO CAMs is severely inhibited due to the interfacial deterioration and corrosion under proton-rich and high-voltage conditions.This study successfully designed and synthesized two typical types of crystal facets-exposed single-crystal LNMO CAMs.By tracking the electrochemical deterioration and chemical corrosion evolution,this study elucidates the surface degradation mechanisms and intrinsic instability of the LNMO,contingent upon their crystal facets.The(111)facet,due to its elevated surface energy,is found to be more susceptible to external attack compared to the(100)and(110)facets.Our study highlights the electrochemical corrosion stability of crystal plane engineering for spinel LNMO CAMs.展开更多
基金supported by the Basic Research Innovation Group Project of Gansu Province(No.25JRRA434)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20522).
文摘The cross-species infection of coronaviruses has resulted in several major epidemics since 2003.Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is a devastating swine enteric coronavirus,which targets pigs as the only natural reservoir.In this study,the nucleic acid of PEDV was detected in rat fecal samples collected from pig farms.Further animal tests showed that PEDV can cause systemic infections in neonatal mice and rats via intracranial inoculation.The brain,lung,intestine and spleen were all targets for PEDV in rodents in contrast to the intestine being targeted in pigs.Morbidity and mortality vary via different infection routes.PEDV was also detectable in feces after infection,suggesting that the infected rodents were potential infectious sources.Moreover,the cerebral tropism of PEDV was verified in piglets via orally inoculation,which had not been identified before.In conclusion,our findings demonstrate that PEDV could cross the species barrier to infect mice and rats through different routes in experimental settings.Although it is highly devastating to piglets,PEDV changes the target organs and turns to be milder when meeting with new hosts.Based on these findings,more attention should be paid to the potential cross-species infection of PEDV.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81573412 and 81803546)Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province(2018GSF121004)Yantai Science and Technology Development Plan(2019xdhz098).
文摘An increased level of reactive oxygen species is a key factor in neuronal apoptosis and epileptic seizures.Irisin reportedly attenuates the apoptosis and injury induced by oxidative stress.Therefore,we evaluated the effects of exogenous irisin in a kainic acid(KA)-induced chronic spontaneous epilepsy rat model.The results indicated that exogenous irisin significantly attenuated the KA-induced neuronal injury,learning and memory defects,and seizures.Irisin treatment also increased the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and uncoupling protein 2(UCP2),which were initially reduced following KA administration.Furthermore,the specific inhibitor of UCP2(genipin)was administered to evaluate the possible protective mechanism of irisin.The reduced apoptosis,neurodegeneration,and spontaneous seizures in rats treated with irisin were significantly reversed by genipin administration.Our findings indicated that neuronal injury in KA-induced chronic epilepsy might be related to reduced levels of BDNF and UCP2.Moreover,our results confirmed the inhibition of neuronal injury and epileptic seizures by exogenous irisin.The protective effects of irisin may be mediated through the BDNF-mediated UCP2 level.Our results thus highlight irisin as a valuable therapeutic strategy against neuronal injury and epileptic seizures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52374311)the National Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi (2022KXJ-146)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (D5000230091)Open project of Shaanxi Laboratory of Aerospace Power (2022ZY2-JCYJ-01-09)full-depth-sea battery project (No.2020-XXXX-XX-246-00)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities。
文摘The spinel LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNMO)cathode active materials(CAMs)are considered a promising alternative to commercially available cathodes such as layered and polyanion oxide cathodes,primarily due to their notable safety and high energy density,particularly in their single-crystal type.Nevertheless,the industrial application of the LNMO CAMs is severely inhibited due to the interfacial deterioration and corrosion under proton-rich and high-voltage conditions.This study successfully designed and synthesized two typical types of crystal facets-exposed single-crystal LNMO CAMs.By tracking the electrochemical deterioration and chemical corrosion evolution,this study elucidates the surface degradation mechanisms and intrinsic instability of the LNMO,contingent upon their crystal facets.The(111)facet,due to its elevated surface energy,is found to be more susceptible to external attack compared to the(100)and(110)facets.Our study highlights the electrochemical corrosion stability of crystal plane engineering for spinel LNMO CAMs.
