The cross-species infection of coronaviruses has resulted in several major epidemics since 2003.Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is a devastating swine enteric coronavirus,which targets pigs as the only natural re...The cross-species infection of coronaviruses has resulted in several major epidemics since 2003.Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is a devastating swine enteric coronavirus,which targets pigs as the only natural reservoir.In this study,the nucleic acid of PEDV was detected in rat fecal samples collected from pig farms.Further animal tests showed that PEDV can cause systemic infections in neonatal mice and rats via intracranial inoculation.The brain,lung,intestine and spleen were all targets for PEDV in rodents in contrast to the intestine being targeted in pigs.Morbidity and mortality vary via different infection routes.PEDV was also detectable in feces after infection,suggesting that the infected rodents were potential infectious sources.Moreover,the cerebral tropism of PEDV was verified in piglets via orally inoculation,which had not been identified before.In conclusion,our findings demonstrate that PEDV could cross the species barrier to infect mice and rats through different routes in experimental settings.Although it is highly devastating to piglets,PEDV changes the target organs and turns to be milder when meeting with new hosts.Based on these findings,more attention should be paid to the potential cross-species infection of PEDV.展开更多
An increased level of reactive oxygen species is a key factor in neuronal apoptosis and epileptic seizures.Irisin reportedly attenuates the apoptosis and injury induced by oxidative stress.Therefore,we evaluated the e...An increased level of reactive oxygen species is a key factor in neuronal apoptosis and epileptic seizures.Irisin reportedly attenuates the apoptosis and injury induced by oxidative stress.Therefore,we evaluated the effects of exogenous irisin in a kainic acid(KA)-induced chronic spontaneous epilepsy rat model.The results indicated that exogenous irisin significantly attenuated the KA-induced neuronal injury,learning and memory defects,and seizures.Irisin treatment also increased the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and uncoupling protein 2(UCP2),which were initially reduced following KA administration.Furthermore,the specific inhibitor of UCP2(genipin)was administered to evaluate the possible protective mechanism of irisin.The reduced apoptosis,neurodegeneration,and spontaneous seizures in rats treated with irisin were significantly reversed by genipin administration.Our findings indicated that neuronal injury in KA-induced chronic epilepsy might be related to reduced levels of BDNF and UCP2.Moreover,our results confirmed the inhibition of neuronal injury and epileptic seizures by exogenous irisin.The protective effects of irisin may be mediated through the BDNF-mediated UCP2 level.Our results thus highlight irisin as a valuable therapeutic strategy against neuronal injury and epileptic seizures.展开更多
The spinel LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNMO)cathode active materials(CAMs)are considered a promising alternative to commercially available cathodes such as layered and polyanion oxide cathodes,primarily due to their notab...The spinel LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNMO)cathode active materials(CAMs)are considered a promising alternative to commercially available cathodes such as layered and polyanion oxide cathodes,primarily due to their notable safety and high energy density,particularly in their single-crystal type.Nevertheless,the industrial application of the LNMO CAMs is severely inhibited due to the interfacial deterioration and corrosion under proton-rich and high-voltage conditions.This study successfully designed and synthesized two typical types of crystal facets-exposed single-crystal LNMO CAMs.By tracking the electrochemical deterioration and chemical corrosion evolution,this study elucidates the surface degradation mechanisms and intrinsic instability of the LNMO,contingent upon their crystal facets.The(111)facet,due to its elevated surface energy,is found to be more susceptible to external attack compared to the(100)and(110)facets.Our study highlights the electrochemical corrosion stability of crystal plane engineering for spinel LNMO CAMs.展开更多
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD),a subtype of premenstrual syndrome(PMS),involves physical and emotional symptoms that impact patients'daily lives and productivity.A reliable,side-effect-free clinical interve...Premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD),a subtype of premenstrual syndrome(PMS),involves physical and emotional symptoms that impact patients'daily lives and productivity.A reliable,side-effect-free clinical intervention is needed.Shuyu capsule is an effective traditional Chinese medicine preparation for PMDD used in the clinics,but its therapeutic mechanism remains unclear.Previous research has suggested that theγ-aminobutyric acidergic(GABAergic)system in the periaqueductal gray(PAG)may play a role in treating PMDD with traditional Chinese medicine,but there is a lack of functional verification.This study aims to reveal the potential mechanism of the Shuyu capsule in treating PMDD.The study employed an experimental design using female C57BL/6J and Vgat-Cre mice to assess the effects of Shuyu capsules on PMDD,with a focus on the GABAergic system in the dorsal PAG(dPAG).Assessments were conducted using the forced swimming test(FST)to gauge depression-like behaviors and western blot(WB)and immunofluorescence(IF)to measure the numbers of active GABAergic neurons and theγ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor(GABA,R)δsubunit(GABRD)expression.Chemogenetic techniques and adeno-associated virus were specifically used to activate GABAergic neurons and knock down the expression of subunits,respectively,providing insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning the therapeutic effects of Shuyu capsules in treating PMDD.After being stressed by FST,the immobility duration of PMDD mice in the late dioestrus(LD)phase decreased after the Shuyu capsule intervention,implying that it can improve the estrous cycle-dependent depression-like phenotype in PMDD mice.Additionally,the application of Shuyu capsule can downregulate the expression of GABRD and reverse the downtrend of activated GABAergic neurons in the dPAG of PMDD model mice.We also found that single-target manipulation was enough to improve the depressionlike behavior of PMDD model mice.Transgenic mice with GABRD knockout were established,and their behaviors were tested,revealing changes in their exploratory behaviors,indicating that the GABRD may be closely related to anxiety disorders.Shuyu capsule plays an anti-PMDD role by activating GABAergic neurons and downregulating the expression of GABRD in the dPAG.This provides a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of PMDD with traditional Chinese medicine and promotes the development of drugs for treating PMDD.展开更多
基金supported by the Basic Research Innovation Group Project of Gansu Province(No.25JRRA434)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20522).
文摘The cross-species infection of coronaviruses has resulted in several major epidemics since 2003.Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is a devastating swine enteric coronavirus,which targets pigs as the only natural reservoir.In this study,the nucleic acid of PEDV was detected in rat fecal samples collected from pig farms.Further animal tests showed that PEDV can cause systemic infections in neonatal mice and rats via intracranial inoculation.The brain,lung,intestine and spleen were all targets for PEDV in rodents in contrast to the intestine being targeted in pigs.Morbidity and mortality vary via different infection routes.PEDV was also detectable in feces after infection,suggesting that the infected rodents were potential infectious sources.Moreover,the cerebral tropism of PEDV was verified in piglets via orally inoculation,which had not been identified before.In conclusion,our findings demonstrate that PEDV could cross the species barrier to infect mice and rats through different routes in experimental settings.Although it is highly devastating to piglets,PEDV changes the target organs and turns to be milder when meeting with new hosts.Based on these findings,more attention should be paid to the potential cross-species infection of PEDV.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81573412 and 81803546)Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province(2018GSF121004)Yantai Science and Technology Development Plan(2019xdhz098).
文摘An increased level of reactive oxygen species is a key factor in neuronal apoptosis and epileptic seizures.Irisin reportedly attenuates the apoptosis and injury induced by oxidative stress.Therefore,we evaluated the effects of exogenous irisin in a kainic acid(KA)-induced chronic spontaneous epilepsy rat model.The results indicated that exogenous irisin significantly attenuated the KA-induced neuronal injury,learning and memory defects,and seizures.Irisin treatment also increased the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and uncoupling protein 2(UCP2),which were initially reduced following KA administration.Furthermore,the specific inhibitor of UCP2(genipin)was administered to evaluate the possible protective mechanism of irisin.The reduced apoptosis,neurodegeneration,and spontaneous seizures in rats treated with irisin were significantly reversed by genipin administration.Our findings indicated that neuronal injury in KA-induced chronic epilepsy might be related to reduced levels of BDNF and UCP2.Moreover,our results confirmed the inhibition of neuronal injury and epileptic seizures by exogenous irisin.The protective effects of irisin may be mediated through the BDNF-mediated UCP2 level.Our results thus highlight irisin as a valuable therapeutic strategy against neuronal injury and epileptic seizures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52374311)the National Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi (2022KXJ-146)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (D5000230091)Open project of Shaanxi Laboratory of Aerospace Power (2022ZY2-JCYJ-01-09)full-depth-sea battery project (No.2020-XXXX-XX-246-00)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities。
文摘The spinel LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNMO)cathode active materials(CAMs)are considered a promising alternative to commercially available cathodes such as layered and polyanion oxide cathodes,primarily due to their notable safety and high energy density,particularly in their single-crystal type.Nevertheless,the industrial application of the LNMO CAMs is severely inhibited due to the interfacial deterioration and corrosion under proton-rich and high-voltage conditions.This study successfully designed and synthesized two typical types of crystal facets-exposed single-crystal LNMO CAMs.By tracking the electrochemical deterioration and chemical corrosion evolution,this study elucidates the surface degradation mechanisms and intrinsic instability of the LNMO,contingent upon their crystal facets.The(111)facet,due to its elevated surface energy,is found to be more susceptible to external attack compared to the(100)and(110)facets.Our study highlights the electrochemical corrosion stability of crystal plane engineering for spinel LNMO CAMs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81974553)the High Level Key Disciplines of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine,National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.zyyzdxk-2023118)+3 种基金the Special Funding for the Taishan Scholars Project(Nos.tsqn202211137,tsqn201909186,and tsqn202211355)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2020ZD17 and ZR2021LZY018)the City-School Integration Development Strategy Project of Jinan City(No.JNSX2023056)the Chinese Medicine and Brain Science Youth Scientific Research Innovation Team,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.22202101),China.
文摘Premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD),a subtype of premenstrual syndrome(PMS),involves physical and emotional symptoms that impact patients'daily lives and productivity.A reliable,side-effect-free clinical intervention is needed.Shuyu capsule is an effective traditional Chinese medicine preparation for PMDD used in the clinics,but its therapeutic mechanism remains unclear.Previous research has suggested that theγ-aminobutyric acidergic(GABAergic)system in the periaqueductal gray(PAG)may play a role in treating PMDD with traditional Chinese medicine,but there is a lack of functional verification.This study aims to reveal the potential mechanism of the Shuyu capsule in treating PMDD.The study employed an experimental design using female C57BL/6J and Vgat-Cre mice to assess the effects of Shuyu capsules on PMDD,with a focus on the GABAergic system in the dorsal PAG(dPAG).Assessments were conducted using the forced swimming test(FST)to gauge depression-like behaviors and western blot(WB)and immunofluorescence(IF)to measure the numbers of active GABAergic neurons and theγ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor(GABA,R)δsubunit(GABRD)expression.Chemogenetic techniques and adeno-associated virus were specifically used to activate GABAergic neurons and knock down the expression of subunits,respectively,providing insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning the therapeutic effects of Shuyu capsules in treating PMDD.After being stressed by FST,the immobility duration of PMDD mice in the late dioestrus(LD)phase decreased after the Shuyu capsule intervention,implying that it can improve the estrous cycle-dependent depression-like phenotype in PMDD mice.Additionally,the application of Shuyu capsule can downregulate the expression of GABRD and reverse the downtrend of activated GABAergic neurons in the dPAG of PMDD model mice.We also found that single-target manipulation was enough to improve the depressionlike behavior of PMDD model mice.Transgenic mice with GABRD knockout were established,and their behaviors were tested,revealing changes in their exploratory behaviors,indicating that the GABRD may be closely related to anxiety disorders.Shuyu capsule plays an anti-PMDD role by activating GABAergic neurons and downregulating the expression of GABRD in the dPAG.This provides a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of PMDD with traditional Chinese medicine and promotes the development of drugs for treating PMDD.
