Persulfate activation has been applied as one of the efficient advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) to remediate polluted environments. In this study, a novel α-FeOOH anchored by graphene oxide(GO)-carbon nanotubes(CNT...Persulfate activation has been applied as one of the efficient advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) to remediate polluted environments. In this study, a novel α-FeOOH anchored by graphene oxide(GO)-carbon nanotubes(CNTs) aerogel(α-FeOOH@GCA) nanocomposite activated persulfate system(α-FeOOH@GCA + K2S2O8) was applied for decolorization of Orange Ⅱ(OⅡ). The decolorization of OⅡ was remarkably enhanced to a level of ~ 99% in this system compared with that of pristine α-FeOOH(~ 44%) or GO-CNTs(~18%). The enhanced catalytic activity of α-FeOOH@GCA was due to the formation of a heterojunction byα-FeOOH and GO-CNTs as confirmed by the presence of Fe–O–C chemical bonds. The degradation intermediates of OⅡ were comprehensively identified. The proposed degradation pathway of OⅡ begins with the destruction of the conjugated structures of OⅡ by the dominant reactive oxygen species, surface-bound SO4·-. The decolorization efficiency of OⅡ by the α-FeOOH@GCA activated persulfate system decreased from the first to third cycle of recycling. Ultraviolet(UV) irradiation or introduction of a small amount of Fe2+ could restore the activation of this system. The results show that the α-FeOOH@GCA persulfate activation system promises to be a highly efficient environmental remediation method for organic pollutants.展开更多
The objective of this study was to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of silymarin(SM).Solid dispersions(SDs)were prepared using solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids(SEDS)and evaluated in vitr...The objective of this study was to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of silymarin(SM).Solid dispersions(SDs)were prepared using solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids(SEDS)and evaluated in vitro and in vivo,compared with pure SM powder.The particle sizes,stability,and contents of residual solvent of the prepared SM-SDs with SEDS and solvent evaporation(SE)were investigated.Four polymer matrix materials were evaluated for the preparation of SM-SD-SEDS,and the hydrophilic polymer,polyvinyl pyrrolidone K17,was selected with a ratio of 1:5 between SM and the polymer.Physicochemical analyses using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry indicated that SM was dispersed in SD in an amorphous state.The optimized SM-SD-SEDS showed no loss of SM after storage for 6 months and negligible residual solvent(ethanol)was detected using gas chromatography.In vitro drug release was increased from the SM-SDSEDS,as compared with pure SM powder or SM-SD-SE.In vivo,the area under the rat plasma SM concentration-time curve and the maximum plasma SM concentration were 2.4-fold and 1.9-fold higher,respectively,after oral administration of SM-SD-SEDS as compared with an aqueous SM suspension.These results illustrated the potential of using SEDS to prepare SM-SD,further improving the biopharmaceutical properties of this compound.展开更多
Although it was proposedmany years ago that compressed hydrogen should be a high-temperature superconductor,the goal of room-temperature superconductivity has so far remained out of reach.However,the successful synthe...Although it was proposedmany years ago that compressed hydrogen should be a high-temperature superconductor,the goal of room-temperature superconductivity has so far remained out of reach.However,the successful synthesis of the theoretically predicted hydrides H3S and LaH10 with high superconducting transition temperatures TC provides clear guidance for achieving this goal.The existence of these superconducting hydrides also confirms the utility of theoretical predictions in finding high-TC superconductors.To date,numerous hydrideshave been studied theoretically or experimentally,especially binary hydrides.Interestingly,some of them exhibit superconductivity above 200 K.To gain insight into these high-TC hydrides(>200 K)and facilitate further research,we summarize their crystal structures,bonding features,and electronic properties,as well as their superconductingmechanism.Based on hydrogen structuralmotifs,covalentH3Swith isolated hydrogen and several clathrate superhydrides(LaH10,YH9,and CaH6)are highlighted.Other predicted hydrides with various H-cages and two-dimensional H motifs are also discussed.Finally,we present a systematic discussion of the common features,current problems,and future challenges of these high-TC hydrides.展开更多
Quasi-2D perovskites have attracted tremendous interest for application as lightemission layers in light-emitting diodes(LEDs).However,the heterogeneous n phase and non-uniform distribution still severely limit the fu...Quasi-2D perovskites have attracted tremendous interest for application as lightemission layers in light-emitting diodes(LEDs).However,the heterogeneous n phase and non-uniform distribution still severely limit the further development of quasi-2D perovskite LEDs(Pero-LEDs).Meanwhile,the increased defect density caused by the reduced dimension and grain size induces non-radiative recombination and further deteriorates the device performance.Here,we found that a series of molecules containing phosphoryl chloride functional groups have noticeable enhancement effects on the device performance of quasi-2D Pero-LEDs.Then,we studied the modification mechanism by focusing on the bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphinic chloride(BOPCl).It is concluded that the BOPCl can not only regulate the phase distribution by decreasing the crystallization rate but also remain in the grain boundaries and passivate the defects.As a result,the corresponding quasi-2D Pero-LEDs obtained a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE_(max))of 20.82%and an average EQE(EQE_(ave))of around 20%on the optimal 50 devices,proving excellent reproducibility.Our work provides a new selection of molecular types for regulating the crystallization and passivating the defects of quasi-2D perovskite films.展开更多
This research is designed to investigate the relationship between the 24-h movement guidelines(24-HMG)and self-reported academic achievement(AA)using nationally representative data derived from the 2019 U.S.National Y...This research is designed to investigate the relationship between the 24-h movement guidelines(24-HMG)and self-reported academic achievement(AA)using nationally representative data derived from the 2019 U.S.National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey.A multiple-stage cluster sampling procedure has been adopted to ensure a representative sample(N=9127 adolescents;mean age=15.7 years old;male%=49.8%).Logistic regression has been adopted to obtain the odds ratio(OR)regarding the associations between adherence to 24-HMG and AA while controlling for ethnicity,body mass index,sex and age.The prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines in isolation and combination varied greatly(physical activity=23.3%,screen time=32.5%,sleep=22.3%,and 24-HMG=2.8%),while the percentage of highest-class AA was 42.5%.Compared with the situation when none of 24-HMG is met,the achievement of any of the combined guidelines(except for meeting the physical activity guidelines)was significantly associated with higher odds of achieving first-class AA.Meeting the sleep guideline had 1.42 times increased likelihood to achieve highest-class AA as compared with not meeting the sleep guideline.Meeting screen time guidelines and physical activity guidelines,respectively,were 1.32 and 1.13 times more likely to report first-class AA;but meeting the guidelines of physical activity was not significantly related to AA.Meeting the 24-HMG had the highest odds of achieving first-class AA(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.47-2.73).In both sexes,adolescents who met 24-HMG self-reported better AA(boys OR=2.05,95%CI:1.34-3.15;girls OR=2.26,95%CI:1.36-3.76).Significant relationships were observed in adolescents from 9-10th grade,but not higher grades.Our research findings suggest that optimal movement behaviours can be seen as an important element to better academic achievement among U.S.adolescents.Future studies can adopt our discoveries to promote adolescents’academic achievement through implementing optimal 24-h movement behaviour patterns.展开更多
Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)are promising in building-integrated photovoltaics(BIPVs)and tandem solar cells(TSCs).One of the keys to fabricate high-performance ST-PSCs is depositing efficient trans...Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)are promising in building-integrated photovoltaics(BIPVs)and tandem solar cells(TSCs).One of the keys to fabricate high-performance ST-PSCs is depositing efficient transparent electrodes.Indium tin oxide(ITO)is an excellent transparent conductive oxide with good light transmittance and high conductivity.However,the high sheet resistance of ITO sputtered at room temperature leads to the low fill factor(FF)and poor power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the ST-PSCs.Here,we study the effect of the sputtering temperature on the properties of ITO and the performance of ST-PSCs.We find that when the sputtering temperature increases from the room temperature to 70℃,the crystallinity of the sputtered ITO gradually improves.Therefore,the sheet resistance decreases and the corresponding device performance improves.However,once the sputtering temperature further increases over 70℃,the underlying hole transport layer will be damaged,leading to poor device performance.Therefore,the optimized mild heating temperature of 70℃is applied and we obtain ST-PSCs with a champion PCE of 15.21%.We believe this mild heating assisted sputtering method is applicable in fabricating BIPVs and TSCs.展开更多
Solubility of quinine in supercritical carbon dioxide(SCCO_2) was experimentally measured in the pressure range of 8 to 24 MPa, at three constant temperatures: 308.15 K, 318.15 K and 328.15 K. Measurement was carried ...Solubility of quinine in supercritical carbon dioxide(SCCO_2) was experimentally measured in the pressure range of 8 to 24 MPa, at three constant temperatures: 308.15 K, 318.15 K and 328.15 K. Measurement was carried out in a semi-dynamic system. Experimental data were correlated by iso-fugacity model(based on cubic equations of state, CEOS), Modified Mendez–Santiago–Teja(MST) and Modified Bartle semi-empirical models. Two cubic equations of state: Peng–Robinson(PR) and Dashtizadeh–Pazuki–Ghotbi–Taghikhani(DPTG) were adopted for calculation of equilibrium parameters in CEOS modeling. Interaction coefficients(k_(ij)& l_(ij)) of van der Waals(vdW) mixing rules were considered as the correlation parameters in CEOS-based modeling and their contribution to the accuracy of model was investigated. Average Absolute Relative Deviation(AARD) between correlated and experimental data was calculated and compared as the index of validity and accuracy for different modeling systems. In this basis it was realized that the semi-empirical equations especially Modified MST can accurately support the theoretical studies on phase equilibrium behavior of quinine–SCCO_2 media. Among the cubic equations of state DPGT within two-parametric vd W mixing rules provided the best data fitting and PR within one-parametric vd W mixing rules demonstrated the highest deviation respecting to the experimental data. Overall, in each individual modeling system the best fitting was observed on the data points attained at 318 K, which could be perhaps due to the moderate thermodynamic state of supercritical phase.展开更多
Passive radiative thermal management holds substantial potential for enhancing energy efficiency and sustainability.However,few research efforts have addressed the integration of mechanical robustness and durability w...Passive radiative thermal management holds substantial potential for enhancing energy efficiency and sustainability.However,few research efforts have addressed the integration of mechanical robustness and durability with the distribution and composition of photonic structures within materials.Silk fibers,known for their distinctive hierarchical morphological structure,offer a solution to these challenges by providing exceptional optical and mechanical properties.Inspired by this,we developed a silk-like tough metafiber(PMABF)that incorporated multiple scatterers through a multi-scale structural construction of nanofiber aggregates and molecular interface engineering.We show that fabrics woven with PMABF can provide high midinfrared(MIR)emissivity(98.6%)within the atmospheric window and 86.7%reflectivity in the solar spectrum,attributed to its ellipsoidal photonic structure featuring by surface micro-/nano-particles and numerous internal voids.Through mature and scalable industrial manufacturing routes,our metafibers show excellent mechanical strength,hydrophobicity and thermal stability while maintaining effective passive radiative cooling.Practical application tests demonstrated that molecules introduced during the heterogeneous composite process significantly enhanced the metafiber’s tensile strength(125%)and compressive stress(261.5%)by forming junction welds among the nanofiber backbones to efficiently distribute the external forces.Furthermore,the superior thermal stability and flexibility of PMABF open abundant opportunities for diverse applications with demanding thermal management requirements,such as thermal protection and multi-scenario thermal camouflage.展开更多
Background and Objectives:This study investigated the iodine status of pregnant women at an average altitude of approximately 2000 meters in Qujing,China.The relationship between iodine and thyroid function in differe...Background and Objectives:This study investigated the iodine status of pregnant women at an average altitude of approximately 2000 meters in Qujing,China.The relationship between iodine and thyroid function in different trimesters as well as adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes were also investigated.Methods and Study Design:A total of 1,025 pregnant women who were admitted to Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical Univer sity from January 2019 to August 2021 were included.Urinary iodine concentration(UIC)was detected by color imetric method,and serum thyroid function was detected by chemiluminescence.Among them,537 pregnant women were followed up to analyze the association of iodine with adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes.Re sults:The median UIC was 127μg/L.Serum triiodothyronine,thyroxine,free triiodothyronine,and free thyrox ine were negatively associated with urinary iodine concentration in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.The proportion of pregnant women testing positive for thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPO-Ab)and the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity(TAI)increased significantly in more-than-adequate iodine and excess iodine groups.Logistic regression analysis showed maternal iodine was not associated with adverse pregnancy and fetal out comes.Conclusions:Mild iodine deficiency is common among pregnant women in plateau areas of China.The relationship between iodine and thyroid function is significant in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy,es pecially in those with moderate to severe iodine deficiency.Abnormal iodine level in pregnant women was not significantly associated with adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes in areas with predominantly mild iodine defi ciency.展开更多
Background:The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)criteria were published to build a global consensus on nutritional diagnosis.Reduced muscle mass is a phenotypic criterion with strong evidence to suppo...Background:The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)criteria were published to build a global consensus on nutritional diagnosis.Reduced muscle mass is a phenotypic criterion with strong evidence to support its inclusion in the GLIM consensus criteria.However,there is no consensus regarding how to accurately measure and define reduced muscle mass in clinical settings.This study aimed to investigate the optimal reference values of skeletal muscle mass index for diagnosing sarcopenia and GLIM-defined malnutrition,as well as the prevalence of GLIM-defined malnutrition in hospitalized cirrhotic patients.Methods:This retrospective study was conducted on 1002 adult patients with liver cirrhosis between January 1,2018,and February 28,2022,at Beijing You-An Hospital,Capital Medical University.Adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and who underwent an abdominal computed tomography(CT)examination during hospitalization were included in the study.These patients were randomly divided into a modeling group(cohort 1,667 patients)and a validation group(cohort 2,335 patients).In cohort 1,optimal cut-off values of skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar skeletal muscle index(L3-SMI)were determined using receiver operating characteristic analyses against in-hospital mortality in different gender groups.Next,patients in cohort 2 were screened for nutritional risk using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS-2002),and malnutrition was diagnosed by GLIM criteria.Additionally,the reference values of reduced muscle mass in GLIM criteria were derived from the L3-SMI values from cohort 1.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between GLIM-defined malnutrition and clinical outcomes.Results:The optimal cut-off values of L3-SMI were 39.50 cm 2/m 2 for male patients and 33.06 cm 2/m 2 for female patients.Based on the cut-off values,31.63%(68/215)of the male patients and 23.3%(28/120)of the female patients had CT-determined sarcopenia in cohort 2.The prevalence of GLIM-defined malnutrition in cirrhotic patients was 34.3%(115/335)and GLIM-defined malnutrition was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis(Wald=6.347,P=0.012).Conclusions:This study provided reference values for skeletal muscle mass index and the prevalence of GLIM-defined malnutrition in hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis.These reference values will contribute to applying the GLIM criteria in cirrhotic patients.展开更多
Traffic prediction is crucial for urban planning and transportation management,and deep learning techniques have emerged as effective tools for this task.While previous works have made advancements,they often overlook...Traffic prediction is crucial for urban planning and transportation management,and deep learning techniques have emerged as effective tools for this task.While previous works have made advancements,they often overlook comprehensive analyses of spatio-temporal distributions and the integration of multimodal representations.Our research addresses these limitations by proposing a large-scale spatio-temporal multimodal fusion framework that enables accurate predictions based on location queries and seamlessly integrates various data sources.Specifically,we utilize Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)for spatial information processing and a combination of Recurrent Neural Networks(RNNs)for final spatio-temporal traffic prediction.This framework not only effectively reveals its ability to integrate various modal data in the spatio-temporal hyperspace,but has also been successfully implemented in a real-world large-scale map,showcasing its practical importance in tackling urban traffic challenges.The findings presented in this work contribute to the advancement of traffic prediction methods,offering valuable insights for further research and application in addressing real-world transportation challenges.展开更多
House price prediction is of utmost importance in forecasting residential property prices,particularly as the demand for high-quality housing continues to rise.Accurate predictions have implications for real estate in...House price prediction is of utmost importance in forecasting residential property prices,particularly as the demand for high-quality housing continues to rise.Accurate predictions have implications for real estate investors,financial institutions,urban planners,and policymakers.However,accurately predicting house prices is challenging due to the complex interplay of various influencing factors.Previous studies have primarily focused on basic property information,leaving room for further exploration of more intricate features,such as amenities,traffic,and social sentiments in the surrounding environment.In this paper,we propose a novel approach to house price prediction from a multi-source data fusion perspective.Our methodology involves analyzing house characteristics and incorporating factors from diverse aspects,including amenities,traffic,and emotions.We validate our approach using a dataset of 28550 real-world transactions in Beijing,China,providing a comprehensive analysis of the drivers influencing house prices.By adopting a multi-source data fusion perspective and considering a wide range of influential factors,our approach offers valuable insights into house price prediction.The findings from this study possess the capability to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of house price prediction models,benefiting stakeholders in the real estate market.展开更多
Afforestation effectively improved soil microbial communities and significantly increased soil nitro-gen mineralization rate(Rm).Soil microorganisms drive Rm by regulating soil N-cycling genes.Soil nitrification genes...Afforestation effectively improved soil microbial communities and significantly increased soil nitro-gen mineralization rate(Rm).Soil microorganisms drive Rm by regulating soil N-cycling genes.Soil nitrification genes had a major effect on soil Rm than denitrification genes after afforestation.Assessing the function of forest ecosystems requires an understanding of the mechanism of soil nitrogen mineralization.However,it remains unclear how soil N-cycling genes drive soil nitrogen mineralization during afforestation.In this study,we collected soil samples from a chrono-sequence of 14,20,30,and 45 years of Robinia pseudoacacia L.(RP14,RP20,RP30,and RP45)with a sloped farmland(FL)as a control.Through metagenomic sequencing analysis,we found significant changes in the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities involved in N-cycling along the afforestation time series,with afforestation effectively increasing the diversity(both alpha and beta diversity)of soil microbial communities.We conducted indoor culture experiments and analyzed correlations,which revealed a significant increase in both soil nitrification rate(Rn)and soil nitrogen mineralization rate(Rm)with increasing stand age.Furthermore,we found a strong correlation between soil Rm and soil microbial diversity(both alpha and beta diversity)and with the abundance of soil N-cycling genes.Partial least squares path modeling(PLS-PM)analysis showed that nitrification genes(narH,narY,nxrB,narG,narZ,nxrA,hao,pmoC-amoC)and denitrification genes(norB,nosZ,nirK)had a greater direct effect on soil Rm compared to their effect on soil microbial communities.Our results reveal the relationships between soil nitrogen mineralization rate and soil microbial communities and between the mineralization rate and functional genes involved in N-cycling,in the context of Robinia pseudoacacia L.restoration on the Loess Plateau.This study enriches the understanding of the effects of microorganisms on soil nitrogen mineralization rate during afforestation and provides a new theoretical basis for evaluating soil nitrogen mineralization mechanisms during forest succession.展开更多
Due to their unique photoelectric properties,nontoxic tin-based perovskites are emerging candidates for efficient near-infrared LEDs.However,the facile oxidation of Sn2+and the rapid crystallization rate of tin-based ...Due to their unique photoelectric properties,nontoxic tin-based perovskites are emerging candidates for efficient near-infrared LEDs.However,the facile oxidation of Sn2+and the rapid crystallization rate of tin-based perovskites result in suboptimal film quality,leading to inferior efficiencies of tin-based perovskite light-emitting diodes(Pero-LEDs).In this study,we investigate the influence of commonly used solvents on the quality of the CsSnI3 films.Remarkably,DMSO exhibits a stronger interaction with SnI2,forming a stable intermediate phase of SnI2·3DMSO.This intermediate effectively inhibits the oxidation of Sn2+and slows down the crystallization rate,bringing in lower defect state density and higher photoluminescence quantum yield of the pre-pared perovskite films.Consequently,the corresponding Pero-LEDs achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE)of 5.6%,among the most effi-cient near-infrared Pero-LEDs.In addition,the device processes ultra-low effi-ciency roll-off and high reproducibility.Our research underscores the crucial role of solvent-perovskite coordination in determining film quality.These find-ings offer valuable guidance for screening solvents to prepare highly efficient and stable tin-based perovskites.展开更多
End worm gear drives are characterized by their multi-tooth contact,compact contour,and theoretical potential to overcome some inherent flaws of cylindrical worm drives.However,quantitative basic research on end worm ...End worm gear drives are characterized by their multi-tooth contact,compact contour,and theoretical potential to overcome some inherent flaws of cylindrical worm drives.However,quantitative basic research on end worm gear drives is currently inadequate,which hinders the development of this transmission.This work focuses on the computational design of end worm gear drives and proposes a new Niemann-type design.Meshing models of the proposed drive are established,and its engagement theory is deduced systematically.Based on the derived tooth surface equations,an innovative research methodology for the tooth curve geometry of the end worm gear is created,and the tooth curve in the worm gear reference plane is proved to be a spiral.An improved formula for the lubrication angle is developed,which can provide more rational numerical results for the angle.Theoretically,the modified formula is universally applicable for line contact drives and can be used to quantitatively investigate the lubrication level between the teeth for the proposed drive.Simulation outcomes demonstrate the favorable characteristics of the transmission,including broad conjugate areas,even contact lines,and fine global lubrication state.展开更多
The flesh color of oriental melons is an important commercial trait that affects consumer preferences.To explore the mechanisms underlying the flesh color formation and regulation during fruit ripening,carotenoid-targ...The flesh color of oriental melons is an important commercial trait that affects consumer preferences.To explore the mechanisms underlying the flesh color formation and regulation during fruit ripening,carotenoid-targeted metabolomic and RNA-seq analysis were conducted between white-fleshed(WF)and orange-fleshed(OF)oriental melon cultivars at different stages.The carotenoid-targeted metabolomic analysis indicated thatβ-carotene was the major metabolite that caused differences in flesh color between the two cultivars.Additionally,through KEGG pathway enrichment and weighted gene co-expression network(WGCNA)analysis,metabolic pathways and related transcription factors that are associated with carotenoid metabolism were selected and transcriptome data was verified using RT-qPCR.Finally,the yeast one hybrid and luciferase activity showed that the transcription factor CmWRKY49 could directly bind to the CmPSY1 promoter to activate its expression in the’OF’cultivar.Transient overexpression of CmWRKY49 in’OF’cultivar increased theβ-carotene content,while theβ-carotene content decreased when it was silenced in the same cultivar.This study provides insights into the underlying regulatory network of carotenoid metabolism in oriental melon fruit.展开更多
Thalidomide treats multiple myeloma and protracts life-span of patient, but its bioavailability is limited as it is poorly water soluble. Thalidomide nano-flakes are produced to improve the drug dissolution rate. Two ...Thalidomide treats multiple myeloma and protracts life-span of patient, but its bioavailability is limited as it is poorly water soluble. Thalidomide nano-flakes are produced to improve the drug dissolution rate. Two nanoflake production methods are utilized for a comparative study： a supercritical antisolvent （SAS） method and a supercritical antisolvent with enhanced mass transfer （SAS-EM）. SAS-EM utilizes ultrasonication to improve dispersion upon injection within the supercritical carbon dioxide. Comparative study of SAS and SAS-EM thalidomide confirmed that the application of ultrasonication improved the micro/nano particles produced by SAS. The effects of ultrasound power on the formation of thalidomide particles are examined. The particle size and morphology were characterized by SEM. The thalidomide nano-flakes produced by SAS-EM were smaller than the particles produced by SAS. Dissolution rates of the produced particles, evaluated by HPLC, demonstrated an increase in the thalidomide dissolution rate for the SAS-EM produced particles, The polymorphs and crystallinity of thalidomide particles （flakes） were observed by FTIR and XRD. In this research, the supercritical processing significantly modified the crystal formation of thalidomide from an original state of a β-polymorph to the amorphous state α-polymorph after suoercritical orocessing.展开更多
Carrier recombination at the buried SnO_(2)/perovskite interface limits the efficiency and stability of n-i-p-structured perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,we report an In_(2)O_(3)interfacial layer with the distincti...Carrier recombination at the buried SnO_(2)/perovskite interface limits the efficiency and stability of n-i-p-structured perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,we report an In_(2)O_(3)interfacial layer with the distinctive structure of the monolithic compact/nanostructured bilayer.The partial hydrolysis nature of the In^(3+)ion enables the formation of nanorods on top of the compact In_(2)O_(3)layer when spin-coating the In(NO_(3))_(3) aqueous solution.This novel interfacial layer reduces the pinholes of the SnO_(2)film and increases the contact area between the perovskite and electron transport material.Therefore,PSCs with the incorporation of the interfacial layer demonstrate enhanced electron extraction and suppressed carrier recombination.Consequently,the champion device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 23.87%with a high fill factor of 82.14%.The optimized device also shows robust operational stability,retaining over 80%of the initial power conversion efficiency after working at the maximum power point for over 500 h under continuous one-sun illumination.展开更多
基金supported by China’s National Science Foundation(No.21377039)
文摘Persulfate activation has been applied as one of the efficient advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) to remediate polluted environments. In this study, a novel α-FeOOH anchored by graphene oxide(GO)-carbon nanotubes(CNTs) aerogel(α-FeOOH@GCA) nanocomposite activated persulfate system(α-FeOOH@GCA + K2S2O8) was applied for decolorization of Orange Ⅱ(OⅡ). The decolorization of OⅡ was remarkably enhanced to a level of ~ 99% in this system compared with that of pristine α-FeOOH(~ 44%) or GO-CNTs(~18%). The enhanced catalytic activity of α-FeOOH@GCA was due to the formation of a heterojunction byα-FeOOH and GO-CNTs as confirmed by the presence of Fe–O–C chemical bonds. The degradation intermediates of OⅡ were comprehensively identified. The proposed degradation pathway of OⅡ begins with the destruction of the conjugated structures of OⅡ by the dominant reactive oxygen species, surface-bound SO4·-. The decolorization efficiency of OⅡ by the α-FeOOH@GCA activated persulfate system decreased from the first to third cycle of recycling. Ultraviolet(UV) irradiation or introduction of a small amount of Fe2+ could restore the activation of this system. The results show that the α-FeOOH@GCA persulfate activation system promises to be a highly efficient environmental remediation method for organic pollutants.
基金supported financially by the Subject Chief Scientist Program(10XD14303900)from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipalitythe Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20123107110005).
文摘The objective of this study was to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of silymarin(SM).Solid dispersions(SDs)were prepared using solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids(SEDS)and evaluated in vitro and in vivo,compared with pure SM powder.The particle sizes,stability,and contents of residual solvent of the prepared SM-SDs with SEDS and solvent evaporation(SE)were investigated.Four polymer matrix materials were evaluated for the preparation of SM-SD-SEDS,and the hydrophilic polymer,polyvinyl pyrrolidone K17,was selected with a ratio of 1:5 between SM and the polymer.Physicochemical analyses using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry indicated that SM was dispersed in SD in an amorphous state.The optimized SM-SD-SEDS showed no loss of SM after storage for 6 months and negligible residual solvent(ethanol)was detected using gas chromatography.In vitro drug release was increased from the SM-SDSEDS,as compared with pure SM powder or SM-SD-SE.In vivo,the area under the rat plasma SM concentration-time curve and the maximum plasma SM concentration were 2.4-fold and 1.9-fold higher,respectively,after oral administration of SM-SD-SEDS as compared with an aqueous SM suspension.These results illustrated the potential of using SEDS to prepare SM-SD,further improving the biopharmaceutical properties of this compound.
基金The authors acknowledge funding support from the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.21873017 and 21573037the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China under Grant No.2013M541283+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.B2021203030)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(Grant No.20190201231JC).
文摘Although it was proposedmany years ago that compressed hydrogen should be a high-temperature superconductor,the goal of room-temperature superconductivity has so far remained out of reach.However,the successful synthesis of the theoretically predicted hydrides H3S and LaH10 with high superconducting transition temperatures TC provides clear guidance for achieving this goal.The existence of these superconducting hydrides also confirms the utility of theoretical predictions in finding high-TC superconductors.To date,numerous hydrideshave been studied theoretically or experimentally,especially binary hydrides.Interestingly,some of them exhibit superconductivity above 200 K.To gain insight into these high-TC hydrides(>200 K)and facilitate further research,we summarize their crystal structures,bonding features,and electronic properties,as well as their superconductingmechanism.Based on hydrogen structuralmotifs,covalentH3Swith isolated hydrogen and several clathrate superhydrides(LaH10,YH9,and CaH6)are highlighted.Other predicted hydrides with various H-cages and two-dimensional H motifs are also discussed.Finally,we present a systematic discussion of the common features,current problems,and future challenges of these high-TC hydrides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2078)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2020J06021,2019J01057,and 2020J01064)Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University.
文摘Quasi-2D perovskites have attracted tremendous interest for application as lightemission layers in light-emitting diodes(LEDs).However,the heterogeneous n phase and non-uniform distribution still severely limit the further development of quasi-2D perovskite LEDs(Pero-LEDs).Meanwhile,the increased defect density caused by the reduced dimension and grain size induces non-radiative recombination and further deteriorates the device performance.Here,we found that a series of molecules containing phosphoryl chloride functional groups have noticeable enhancement effects on the device performance of quasi-2D Pero-LEDs.Then,we studied the modification mechanism by focusing on the bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphinic chloride(BOPCl).It is concluded that the BOPCl can not only regulate the phase distribution by decreasing the crystallization rate but also remain in the grain boundaries and passivate the defects.As a result,the corresponding quasi-2D Pero-LEDs obtained a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE_(max))of 20.82%and an average EQE(EQE_(ave))of around 20%on the optimal 50 devices,proving excellent reproducibility.Our work provides a new selection of molecular types for regulating the crystallization and passivating the defects of quasi-2D perovskite films.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation(217BTY032)Key Project from the Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province(16ZDB015).
文摘This research is designed to investigate the relationship between the 24-h movement guidelines(24-HMG)and self-reported academic achievement(AA)using nationally representative data derived from the 2019 U.S.National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey.A multiple-stage cluster sampling procedure has been adopted to ensure a representative sample(N=9127 adolescents;mean age=15.7 years old;male%=49.8%).Logistic regression has been adopted to obtain the odds ratio(OR)regarding the associations between adherence to 24-HMG and AA while controlling for ethnicity,body mass index,sex and age.The prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines in isolation and combination varied greatly(physical activity=23.3%,screen time=32.5%,sleep=22.3%,and 24-HMG=2.8%),while the percentage of highest-class AA was 42.5%.Compared with the situation when none of 24-HMG is met,the achievement of any of the combined guidelines(except for meeting the physical activity guidelines)was significantly associated with higher odds of achieving first-class AA.Meeting the sleep guideline had 1.42 times increased likelihood to achieve highest-class AA as compared with not meeting the sleep guideline.Meeting screen time guidelines and physical activity guidelines,respectively,were 1.32 and 1.13 times more likely to report first-class AA;but meeting the guidelines of physical activity was not significantly related to AA.Meeting the 24-HMG had the highest odds of achieving first-class AA(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.47-2.73).In both sexes,adolescents who met 24-HMG self-reported better AA(boys OR=2.05,95%CI:1.34-3.15;girls OR=2.26,95%CI:1.36-3.76).Significant relationships were observed in adolescents from 9-10th grade,but not higher grades.Our research findings suggest that optimal movement behaviours can be seen as an important element to better academic achievement among U.S.adolescents.Future studies can adopt our discoveries to promote adolescents’academic achievement through implementing optimal 24-h movement behaviour patterns.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179042,U21A2078,and 51902110)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2020J06021,2019J01057,and 2020J01064)Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University,and Promotion Program for Young and Middle-Aged Teacher in Science and Technology Research of Huaqiao University(ZQN-PY607,ZQN-806).
文摘Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)are promising in building-integrated photovoltaics(BIPVs)and tandem solar cells(TSCs).One of the keys to fabricate high-performance ST-PSCs is depositing efficient transparent electrodes.Indium tin oxide(ITO)is an excellent transparent conductive oxide with good light transmittance and high conductivity.However,the high sheet resistance of ITO sputtered at room temperature leads to the low fill factor(FF)and poor power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the ST-PSCs.Here,we study the effect of the sputtering temperature on the properties of ITO and the performance of ST-PSCs.We find that when the sputtering temperature increases from the room temperature to 70℃,the crystallinity of the sputtered ITO gradually improves.Therefore,the sheet resistance decreases and the corresponding device performance improves.However,once the sputtering temperature further increases over 70℃,the underlying hole transport layer will be damaged,leading to poor device performance.Therefore,the optimized mild heating temperature of 70℃is applied and we obtain ST-PSCs with a champion PCE of 15.21%.We believe this mild heating assisted sputtering method is applicable in fabricating BIPVs and TSCs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20976103)
文摘Solubility of quinine in supercritical carbon dioxide(SCCO_2) was experimentally measured in the pressure range of 8 to 24 MPa, at three constant temperatures: 308.15 K, 318.15 K and 328.15 K. Measurement was carried out in a semi-dynamic system. Experimental data were correlated by iso-fugacity model(based on cubic equations of state, CEOS), Modified Mendez–Santiago–Teja(MST) and Modified Bartle semi-empirical models. Two cubic equations of state: Peng–Robinson(PR) and Dashtizadeh–Pazuki–Ghotbi–Taghikhani(DPTG) were adopted for calculation of equilibrium parameters in CEOS modeling. Interaction coefficients(k_(ij)& l_(ij)) of van der Waals(vdW) mixing rules were considered as the correlation parameters in CEOS-based modeling and their contribution to the accuracy of model was investigated. Average Absolute Relative Deviation(AARD) between correlated and experimental data was calculated and compared as the index of validity and accuracy for different modeling systems. In this basis it was realized that the semi-empirical equations especially Modified MST can accurately support the theoretical studies on phase equilibrium behavior of quinine–SCCO_2 media. Among the cubic equations of state DPGT within two-parametric vd W mixing rules provided the best data fitting and PR within one-parametric vd W mixing rules demonstrated the highest deviation respecting to the experimental data. Overall, in each individual modeling system the best fitting was observed on the data points attained at 318 K, which could be perhaps due to the moderate thermodynamic state of supercritical phase.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.22176031)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Donghua University(CUSF-DH-D-2023029).
文摘Passive radiative thermal management holds substantial potential for enhancing energy efficiency and sustainability.However,few research efforts have addressed the integration of mechanical robustness and durability with the distribution and composition of photonic structures within materials.Silk fibers,known for their distinctive hierarchical morphological structure,offer a solution to these challenges by providing exceptional optical and mechanical properties.Inspired by this,we developed a silk-like tough metafiber(PMABF)that incorporated multiple scatterers through a multi-scale structural construction of nanofiber aggregates and molecular interface engineering.We show that fabrics woven with PMABF can provide high midinfrared(MIR)emissivity(98.6%)within the atmospheric window and 86.7%reflectivity in the solar spectrum,attributed to its ellipsoidal photonic structure featuring by surface micro-/nano-particles and numerous internal voids.Through mature and scalable industrial manufacturing routes,our metafibers show excellent mechanical strength,hydrophobicity and thermal stability while maintaining effective passive radiative cooling.Practical application tests demonstrated that molecules introduced during the heterogeneous composite process significantly enhanced the metafiber’s tensile strength(125%)and compressive stress(261.5%)by forming junction welds among the nanofiber backbones to efficiently distribute the external forces.Furthermore,the superior thermal stability and flexibility of PMABF open abundant opportunities for diverse applications with demanding thermal management requirements,such as thermal protection and multi-scenario thermal camouflage.
基金supported by Yunnan Province Basic Re search Special Program-Kunming Medical University Joint Special Program-Superficial Program(202101AY070001-226)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Talents and Plat form Program(202305AD160002)Kunming Medical Uni versity"14th Five-Year Plan"Key Discipline Construction Pro jects.The funders supported the costs of this study.
文摘Background and Objectives:This study investigated the iodine status of pregnant women at an average altitude of approximately 2000 meters in Qujing,China.The relationship between iodine and thyroid function in different trimesters as well as adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes were also investigated.Methods and Study Design:A total of 1,025 pregnant women who were admitted to Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical Univer sity from January 2019 to August 2021 were included.Urinary iodine concentration(UIC)was detected by color imetric method,and serum thyroid function was detected by chemiluminescence.Among them,537 pregnant women were followed up to analyze the association of iodine with adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes.Re sults:The median UIC was 127μg/L.Serum triiodothyronine,thyroxine,free triiodothyronine,and free thyrox ine were negatively associated with urinary iodine concentration in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.The proportion of pregnant women testing positive for thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPO-Ab)and the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity(TAI)increased significantly in more-than-adequate iodine and excess iodine groups.Logistic regression analysis showed maternal iodine was not associated with adverse pregnancy and fetal out comes.Conclusions:Mild iodine deficiency is common among pregnant women in plateau areas of China.The relationship between iodine and thyroid function is significant in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy,es pecially in those with moderate to severe iodine deficiency.Abnormal iodine level in pregnant women was not significantly associated with adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes in areas with predominantly mild iodine defi ciency.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82170643)Internal Project of Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University(No.YNKTLC2021005)
文摘Background:The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)criteria were published to build a global consensus on nutritional diagnosis.Reduced muscle mass is a phenotypic criterion with strong evidence to support its inclusion in the GLIM consensus criteria.However,there is no consensus regarding how to accurately measure and define reduced muscle mass in clinical settings.This study aimed to investigate the optimal reference values of skeletal muscle mass index for diagnosing sarcopenia and GLIM-defined malnutrition,as well as the prevalence of GLIM-defined malnutrition in hospitalized cirrhotic patients.Methods:This retrospective study was conducted on 1002 adult patients with liver cirrhosis between January 1,2018,and February 28,2022,at Beijing You-An Hospital,Capital Medical University.Adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and who underwent an abdominal computed tomography(CT)examination during hospitalization were included in the study.These patients were randomly divided into a modeling group(cohort 1,667 patients)and a validation group(cohort 2,335 patients).In cohort 1,optimal cut-off values of skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar skeletal muscle index(L3-SMI)were determined using receiver operating characteristic analyses against in-hospital mortality in different gender groups.Next,patients in cohort 2 were screened for nutritional risk using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS-2002),and malnutrition was diagnosed by GLIM criteria.Additionally,the reference values of reduced muscle mass in GLIM criteria were derived from the L3-SMI values from cohort 1.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between GLIM-defined malnutrition and clinical outcomes.Results:The optimal cut-off values of L3-SMI were 39.50 cm 2/m 2 for male patients and 33.06 cm 2/m 2 for female patients.Based on the cut-off values,31.63%(68/215)of the male patients and 23.3%(28/120)of the female patients had CT-determined sarcopenia in cohort 2.The prevalence of GLIM-defined malnutrition in cirrhotic patients was 34.3%(115/335)and GLIM-defined malnutrition was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis(Wald=6.347,P=0.012).Conclusions:This study provided reference values for skeletal muscle mass index and the prevalence of GLIM-defined malnutrition in hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis.These reference values will contribute to applying the GLIM criteria in cirrhotic patients.
文摘Traffic prediction is crucial for urban planning and transportation management,and deep learning techniques have emerged as effective tools for this task.While previous works have made advancements,they often overlook comprehensive analyses of spatio-temporal distributions and the integration of multimodal representations.Our research addresses these limitations by proposing a large-scale spatio-temporal multimodal fusion framework that enables accurate predictions based on location queries and seamlessly integrates various data sources.Specifically,we utilize Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)for spatial information processing and a combination of Recurrent Neural Networks(RNNs)for final spatio-temporal traffic prediction.This framework not only effectively reveals its ability to integrate various modal data in the spatio-temporal hyperspace,but has also been successfully implemented in a real-world large-scale map,showcasing its practical importance in tackling urban traffic challenges.The findings presented in this work contribute to the advancement of traffic prediction methods,offering valuable insights for further research and application in addressing real-world transportation challenges.
文摘House price prediction is of utmost importance in forecasting residential property prices,particularly as the demand for high-quality housing continues to rise.Accurate predictions have implications for real estate investors,financial institutions,urban planners,and policymakers.However,accurately predicting house prices is challenging due to the complex interplay of various influencing factors.Previous studies have primarily focused on basic property information,leaving room for further exploration of more intricate features,such as amenities,traffic,and social sentiments in the surrounding environment.In this paper,we propose a novel approach to house price prediction from a multi-source data fusion perspective.Our methodology involves analyzing house characteristics and incorporating factors from diverse aspects,including amenities,traffic,and emotions.We validate our approach using a dataset of 28550 real-world transactions in Beijing,China,providing a comprehensive analysis of the drivers influencing house prices.By adopting a multi-source data fusion perspective and considering a wide range of influential factors,our approach offers valuable insights into house price prediction.The findings from this study possess the capability to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of house price prediction models,benefiting stakeholders in the real estate market.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41907031)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021T140565)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M650276).
文摘Afforestation effectively improved soil microbial communities and significantly increased soil nitro-gen mineralization rate(Rm).Soil microorganisms drive Rm by regulating soil N-cycling genes.Soil nitrification genes had a major effect on soil Rm than denitrification genes after afforestation.Assessing the function of forest ecosystems requires an understanding of the mechanism of soil nitrogen mineralization.However,it remains unclear how soil N-cycling genes drive soil nitrogen mineralization during afforestation.In this study,we collected soil samples from a chrono-sequence of 14,20,30,and 45 years of Robinia pseudoacacia L.(RP14,RP20,RP30,and RP45)with a sloped farmland(FL)as a control.Through metagenomic sequencing analysis,we found significant changes in the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities involved in N-cycling along the afforestation time series,with afforestation effectively increasing the diversity(both alpha and beta diversity)of soil microbial communities.We conducted indoor culture experiments and analyzed correlations,which revealed a significant increase in both soil nitrification rate(Rn)and soil nitrogen mineralization rate(Rm)with increasing stand age.Furthermore,we found a strong correlation between soil Rm and soil microbial diversity(both alpha and beta diversity)and with the abundance of soil N-cycling genes.Partial least squares path modeling(PLS-PM)analysis showed that nitrification genes(narH,narY,nxrB,narG,narZ,nxrA,hao,pmoC-amoC)and denitrification genes(norB,nosZ,nirK)had a greater direct effect on soil Rm compared to their effect on soil microbial communities.Our results reveal the relationships between soil nitrogen mineralization rate and soil microbial communities and between the mineralization rate and functional genes involved in N-cycling,in the context of Robinia pseudoacacia L.restoration on the Loess Plateau.This study enriches the understanding of the effects of microorganisms on soil nitrogen mineralization rate during afforestation and provides a new theoretical basis for evaluating soil nitrogen mineralization mechanisms during forest succession.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1204800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2078,22179042,and 12104170)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2023J06034)Scientific Research Funds and Subsidized Project for Postgraduate's Innovative Fund in Scientific Research of Huaqiao University。
文摘Due to their unique photoelectric properties,nontoxic tin-based perovskites are emerging candidates for efficient near-infrared LEDs.However,the facile oxidation of Sn2+and the rapid crystallization rate of tin-based perovskites result in suboptimal film quality,leading to inferior efficiencies of tin-based perovskite light-emitting diodes(Pero-LEDs).In this study,we investigate the influence of commonly used solvents on the quality of the CsSnI3 films.Remarkably,DMSO exhibits a stronger interaction with SnI2,forming a stable intermediate phase of SnI2·3DMSO.This intermediate effectively inhibits the oxidation of Sn2+and slows down the crystallization rate,bringing in lower defect state density and higher photoluminescence quantum yield of the pre-pared perovskite films.Consequently,the corresponding Pero-LEDs achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE)of 5.6%,among the most effi-cient near-infrared Pero-LEDs.In addition,the device processes ultra-low effi-ciency roll-off and high reproducibility.Our research underscores the crucial role of solvent-perovskite coordination in determining film quality.These find-ings offer valuable guidance for screening solvents to prepare highly efficient and stable tin-based perovskites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52075083 and 52205069)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory for Metallurgical Equipment and Control of Education Ministry in Wuhan University of Science and Technology,China(Grant Nos.MECOF2022B04 and MECOF2023B01)the 2023 AGMA Foundation Scholarship Program,USA.
文摘End worm gear drives are characterized by their multi-tooth contact,compact contour,and theoretical potential to overcome some inherent flaws of cylindrical worm drives.However,quantitative basic research on end worm gear drives is currently inadequate,which hinders the development of this transmission.This work focuses on the computational design of end worm gear drives and proposes a new Niemann-type design.Meshing models of the proposed drive are established,and its engagement theory is deduced systematically.Based on the derived tooth surface equations,an innovative research methodology for the tooth curve geometry of the end worm gear is created,and the tooth curve in the worm gear reference plane is proved to be a spiral.An improved formula for the lubrication angle is developed,which can provide more rational numerical results for the angle.Theoretically,the modified formula is universally applicable for line contact drives and can be used to quantitatively investigate the lubrication level between the teeth for the proposed drive.Simulation outcomes demonstrate the favorable characteristics of the transmission,including broad conjugate areas,even contact lines,and fine global lubrication state.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-25).
文摘The flesh color of oriental melons is an important commercial trait that affects consumer preferences.To explore the mechanisms underlying the flesh color formation and regulation during fruit ripening,carotenoid-targeted metabolomic and RNA-seq analysis were conducted between white-fleshed(WF)and orange-fleshed(OF)oriental melon cultivars at different stages.The carotenoid-targeted metabolomic analysis indicated thatβ-carotene was the major metabolite that caused differences in flesh color between the two cultivars.Additionally,through KEGG pathway enrichment and weighted gene co-expression network(WGCNA)analysis,metabolic pathways and related transcription factors that are associated with carotenoid metabolism were selected and transcriptome data was verified using RT-qPCR.Finally,the yeast one hybrid and luciferase activity showed that the transcription factor CmWRKY49 could directly bind to the CmPSY1 promoter to activate its expression in the’OF’cultivar.Transient overexpression of CmWRKY49 in’OF’cultivar increased theβ-carotene content,while theβ-carotene content decreased when it was silenced in the same cultivar.This study provides insights into the underlying regulatory network of carotenoid metabolism in oriental melon fruit.
基金supported by the National 863 Programme Foundation from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2007AA10Z350)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20976103)
文摘Thalidomide treats multiple myeloma and protracts life-span of patient, but its bioavailability is limited as it is poorly water soluble. Thalidomide nano-flakes are produced to improve the drug dissolution rate. Two nanoflake production methods are utilized for a comparative study： a supercritical antisolvent （SAS） method and a supercritical antisolvent with enhanced mass transfer （SAS-EM）. SAS-EM utilizes ultrasonication to improve dispersion upon injection within the supercritical carbon dioxide. Comparative study of SAS and SAS-EM thalidomide confirmed that the application of ultrasonication improved the micro/nano particles produced by SAS. The effects of ultrasound power on the formation of thalidomide particles are examined. The particle size and morphology were characterized by SEM. The thalidomide nano-flakes produced by SAS-EM were smaller than the particles produced by SAS. Dissolution rates of the produced particles, evaluated by HPLC, demonstrated an increase in the thalidomide dissolution rate for the SAS-EM produced particles, The polymorphs and crystallinity of thalidomide particles （flakes） were observed by FTIR and XRD. In this research, the supercritical processing significantly modified the crystal formation of thalidomide from an original state of a β-polymorph to the amorphous state α-polymorph after suoercritical orocessing.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22179042,U21A2078,51902110Promotion Program for Young and Middle-aged Teacher in Science and Technology Research of Huaqiao University,Grant/Award Numbers:ZQN-PY607,ZQN-806Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,Grant/Award Numbers:2020J06021,2019J01057,2020J01064。
文摘Carrier recombination at the buried SnO_(2)/perovskite interface limits the efficiency and stability of n-i-p-structured perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,we report an In_(2)O_(3)interfacial layer with the distinctive structure of the monolithic compact/nanostructured bilayer.The partial hydrolysis nature of the In^(3+)ion enables the formation of nanorods on top of the compact In_(2)O_(3)layer when spin-coating the In(NO_(3))_(3) aqueous solution.This novel interfacial layer reduces the pinholes of the SnO_(2)film and increases the contact area between the perovskite and electron transport material.Therefore,PSCs with the incorporation of the interfacial layer demonstrate enhanced electron extraction and suppressed carrier recombination.Consequently,the champion device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 23.87%with a high fill factor of 82.14%.The optimized device also shows robust operational stability,retaining over 80%of the initial power conversion efficiency after working at the maximum power point for over 500 h under continuous one-sun illumination.
