Cistanche deserticola(C.deserticola)is a holoparasitic plant of the Orobanchaceae family that parasitizes the roots of Haloxylon ammodendron(H.ammodendron).The absence of a high-quality genome has impeded our understa...Cistanche deserticola(C.deserticola)is a holoparasitic plant of the Orobanchaceae family that parasitizes the roots of Haloxylon ammodendron(H.ammodendron).The absence of a high-quality genome has impeded our understanding of its parasitic mechanisms.Here,we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of C.deserticola(6.26 Gb)based on PacBio high fidelity(HiFi)and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture(Hi-C)sequencing,with a contig N50 of 81.25 Mb,92.2%Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Ortholog(BUSCO)completeness,and 54640 protein-coding genes.Evolutionary analysis shows that C.deserticola diverged from related Orobanchaceae species approximately 38.23 million years ago.Among its key parasitic adaptations is the extensive loss of photosynthetic genes,which is compensated by the retention of transporters and carbon metabolic pathways for the utilization of host-derived nutrition.Bidirectional genetic exchanges include 34 H.ammodendron-derived horizontally transferred genes and 98 mobile mRNAs,as well as 14 C.deserticola-derived horizontally transferred genes and 77 mobile mRNAs targeting host defenses.Spatial transcriptomic data reveal haustorium-specific gene expression related to nutrient extraction and chemical defense,particularly the biosynthesis of phenylethanoid glycosides via dispersedduplication-driven gene expansion.This genomic resource illuminates the evolutionary trajectory of C.deserticola and provides a foundation for conservation strategies and the biotechnological development of C.deserticola.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Plan of the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(grant number:22YF1420500)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant numbers:KLSB2022QN-01 and KLSB2024KF-06)+2 种基金Shanghai Jiao Tong University Scientific and Technological Innovation Funds(grant numbers:YG2022QN070 and 19X190020005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:81872274)the Initiation Program for New Teachers of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(grant number:23X010502168).
文摘Cistanche deserticola(C.deserticola)is a holoparasitic plant of the Orobanchaceae family that parasitizes the roots of Haloxylon ammodendron(H.ammodendron).The absence of a high-quality genome has impeded our understanding of its parasitic mechanisms.Here,we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of C.deserticola(6.26 Gb)based on PacBio high fidelity(HiFi)and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture(Hi-C)sequencing,with a contig N50 of 81.25 Mb,92.2%Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Ortholog(BUSCO)completeness,and 54640 protein-coding genes.Evolutionary analysis shows that C.deserticola diverged from related Orobanchaceae species approximately 38.23 million years ago.Among its key parasitic adaptations is the extensive loss of photosynthetic genes,which is compensated by the retention of transporters and carbon metabolic pathways for the utilization of host-derived nutrition.Bidirectional genetic exchanges include 34 H.ammodendron-derived horizontally transferred genes and 98 mobile mRNAs,as well as 14 C.deserticola-derived horizontally transferred genes and 77 mobile mRNAs targeting host defenses.Spatial transcriptomic data reveal haustorium-specific gene expression related to nutrient extraction and chemical defense,particularly the biosynthesis of phenylethanoid glycosides via dispersedduplication-driven gene expansion.This genomic resource illuminates the evolutionary trajectory of C.deserticola and provides a foundation for conservation strategies and the biotechnological development of C.deserticola.
