In this paper , we have established an intimate connection between near-nings and linear automata,and obtain the following results: 1) For a near-ring N there exists a linear GSA S with N ≌ N(S) iff (a) (N, +) is abe...In this paper , we have established an intimate connection between near-nings and linear automata,and obtain the following results: 1) For a near-ring N there exists a linear GSA S with N ≌ N(S) iff (a) (N, +) is abelian, (b) N has an identity 1, (c) There is some d ∈ Nd such that N0 is generated by {1,d};2) Let h: S → S’ be a GSA- epimorphism. Then there exists a near-ring epimorphism from N(S) to N(S’) with h(qn) = h(q)h(n) for all q ∈ Q and n ∈ N(S);3) Let A = (Q,A,B,F,G) be a GA. Then (a) Aa:=(Q(N(A)) =: Qa,A,B,F/Qa × A) is accessible, (b) Q = 0N(A), (c) A/~:= (Q/~,A,B,F~), Q~) with F^([q], a):= [F(q,a)] and G^([q], a):= G(q,a) is reduced, (d) Aa/~ is minimal.展开更多
Voluntary disclosure is one of the major sign of the mature security market. Chinese securities market is in her young age. The quality and way of information disclosure in listed companies is one of major concern for...Voluntary disclosure is one of the major sign of the mature security market. Chinese securities market is in her young age. The quality and way of information disclosure in listed companies is one of major concern for the market. With the development and expansion of the market, the voluntary disclosure has been drawn a great attention by investors. However, in China, the information disclosure is mainly mandatory and only very a few companies are willing to disclose voluntarily. In general, the information voluntary disclosure in China is lacking. This paper discusses the current status, possibility, and problems for the voluntary disclosure based on data from the annual reports prepared by listed companies. Recommendation for the future improvement and fulfillment of the voluntary disclosure are out forward accordingly.展开更多
Photovoltaic power generation,as a rapidly growing new energy source,is a technology that uses a semiconductor to convert light energy into electrical energy.Sb_(2)S_(3) solar cells possess the advantages of simple bi...Photovoltaic power generation,as a rapidly growing new energy source,is a technology that uses a semiconductor to convert light energy into electrical energy.Sb_(2)S_(3) solar cells possess the advantages of simple binary components,abundant resources,nontoxicity,and excellent stability;they have recently attracted extensive investigation interest.Various strategies,such as solution and vacuum deposition,have been used to fabricate functional layers,including Sb_(2)S_(3) photoactive layers,electron transport layers and hole transport layers.Here,we briefly review the preparation methodologies,morphologies,structures,optoelectronic properties and the corresponding solar cell performance of functional layers for both planar heterojunction solar cells and mesoporous sensitized solar cells.Some viewpoints of further improvement of Sb_(2)S_(3) solar cell conversion efficiency from the aspect of material fabrication and modification are given.展开更多
文摘In this paper , we have established an intimate connection between near-nings and linear automata,and obtain the following results: 1) For a near-ring N there exists a linear GSA S with N ≌ N(S) iff (a) (N, +) is abelian, (b) N has an identity 1, (c) There is some d ∈ Nd such that N0 is generated by {1,d};2) Let h: S → S’ be a GSA- epimorphism. Then there exists a near-ring epimorphism from N(S) to N(S’) with h(qn) = h(q)h(n) for all q ∈ Q and n ∈ N(S);3) Let A = (Q,A,B,F,G) be a GA. Then (a) Aa:=(Q(N(A)) =: Qa,A,B,F/Qa × A) is accessible, (b) Q = 0N(A), (c) A/~:= (Q/~,A,B,F~), Q~) with F^([q], a):= [F(q,a)] and G^([q], a):= G(q,a) is reduced, (d) Aa/~ is minimal.
文摘Voluntary disclosure is one of the major sign of the mature security market. Chinese securities market is in her young age. The quality and way of information disclosure in listed companies is one of major concern for the market. With the development and expansion of the market, the voluntary disclosure has been drawn a great attention by investors. However, in China, the information disclosure is mainly mandatory and only very a few companies are willing to disclose voluntarily. In general, the information voluntary disclosure in China is lacking. This paper discusses the current status, possibility, and problems for the voluntary disclosure based on data from the annual reports prepared by listed companies. Recommendation for the future improvement and fulfillment of the voluntary disclosure are out forward accordingly.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(SQ2017YFGH001237)the Distinguished Youth Foundation of Anhui Province(1708085J09)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JZ2018HGPB0276).
文摘Photovoltaic power generation,as a rapidly growing new energy source,is a technology that uses a semiconductor to convert light energy into electrical energy.Sb_(2)S_(3) solar cells possess the advantages of simple binary components,abundant resources,nontoxicity,and excellent stability;they have recently attracted extensive investigation interest.Various strategies,such as solution and vacuum deposition,have been used to fabricate functional layers,including Sb_(2)S_(3) photoactive layers,electron transport layers and hole transport layers.Here,we briefly review the preparation methodologies,morphologies,structures,optoelectronic properties and the corresponding solar cell performance of functional layers for both planar heterojunction solar cells and mesoporous sensitized solar cells.Some viewpoints of further improvement of Sb_(2)S_(3) solar cell conversion efficiency from the aspect of material fabrication and modification are given.
