Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)are novel hypoglycemic agents that have garnered widespread acceptance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,largely attributed to their safety profile,potent hypoglyce...Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)are novel hypoglycemic agents that have garnered widespread acceptance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,largely attributed to their safety profile,potent hypoglycemic effects,and metabolic advantages.Their primary mechanisms of action encompass promoting insulin release,inhibiting glucagon secretion,bolstering pancreatic islet cell function,curbing appetite,and slowing gastric emptying.This article delves into the clinical evidence underscoring the efficacy of various GLP-1RAs.Notably,these agents have demonstrated marked improvements in glycemic control,significant weight reduction,and substantial cardiovascular and renal protection.Nonetheless,certain adverse effects of GLP-1RAs,such as pancreatitis and intestinal obstruction,have been reported,warranting vigilant monitoring by healthcare professionals.In sum,GLP-1RAs hold significant promise in the management of type 2 diabetes,offering notable cardiovascular and renal advantages.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with a multifaceted pathogenesis involving genetic,epigenetic,and environmental factors.It mainly targets the synovium,leading to synovitis and subs...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with a multifaceted pathogenesis involving genetic,epigenetic,and environmental factors.It mainly targets the synovium,leading to synovitis and subsequently bone erosion.Novel effective treatments for RA are imperative.Matrine,the main active constituent of Sophora flavescens Ait(known as Kushen in Chinese medicine),has been used to treat fever,dysentery,hematochezia,jaundice,oliguria,vulvar swelling,asthma,eczema,and inflammatory disorders.Matrine exhibits diverse pharmacological effects,including antitumor,anti-inflammatory,antifibrotic,and antiviral properties.Animal studies have suggested that matrine mitigates inflammation and reduces RA severity by modulating inflammation-related expression.Its therapeutic mechanism in RA may involve several signaling pathways,including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of the rapamycin,nuclear factor-κB,Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription,and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways,all of which are associated with various biological processes,such as cell proliferation and differentiation,apoptosis,and immune regulation.Moreover,mitochondrial homeostasis disruption and epigenetic modifications,mediated by long noncoding RNAs,play crucial roles in RA pathogenesis.Experimental evidence suggests that matrine exerts therapeutic effects by modulating mitochondrial homeostasis and long noncoding RNAs.We summarize the molecular mechanisms of matrine in RA treatment to provide theoretical support for expanding its clinical applications to the treatment of RA.展开更多
基金R&D Program of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KM202110025001).
文摘Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)are novel hypoglycemic agents that have garnered widespread acceptance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,largely attributed to their safety profile,potent hypoglycemic effects,and metabolic advantages.Their primary mechanisms of action encompass promoting insulin release,inhibiting glucagon secretion,bolstering pancreatic islet cell function,curbing appetite,and slowing gastric emptying.This article delves into the clinical evidence underscoring the efficacy of various GLP-1RAs.Notably,these agents have demonstrated marked improvements in glycemic control,significant weight reduction,and substantial cardiovascular and renal protection.Nonetheless,certain adverse effects of GLP-1RAs,such as pancreatitis and intestinal obstruction,have been reported,warranting vigilant monitoring by healthcare professionals.In sum,GLP-1RAs hold significant promise in the management of type 2 diabetes,offering notable cardiovascular and renal advantages.
基金Science and Technology Commission of Tongzhou District,Beijing Municipal(No.KJ2019CX001-05)Youth Scientific Research Incubation Program of Beijing Luhe Hospital,Capital Medical University(No.LHYY2023-JC209).
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with a multifaceted pathogenesis involving genetic,epigenetic,and environmental factors.It mainly targets the synovium,leading to synovitis and subsequently bone erosion.Novel effective treatments for RA are imperative.Matrine,the main active constituent of Sophora flavescens Ait(known as Kushen in Chinese medicine),has been used to treat fever,dysentery,hematochezia,jaundice,oliguria,vulvar swelling,asthma,eczema,and inflammatory disorders.Matrine exhibits diverse pharmacological effects,including antitumor,anti-inflammatory,antifibrotic,and antiviral properties.Animal studies have suggested that matrine mitigates inflammation and reduces RA severity by modulating inflammation-related expression.Its therapeutic mechanism in RA may involve several signaling pathways,including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of the rapamycin,nuclear factor-κB,Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription,and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways,all of which are associated with various biological processes,such as cell proliferation and differentiation,apoptosis,and immune regulation.Moreover,mitochondrial homeostasis disruption and epigenetic modifications,mediated by long noncoding RNAs,play crucial roles in RA pathogenesis.Experimental evidence suggests that matrine exerts therapeutic effects by modulating mitochondrial homeostasis and long noncoding RNAs.We summarize the molecular mechanisms of matrine in RA treatment to provide theoretical support for expanding its clinical applications to the treatment of RA.
