Background Physical activity(PA)is considered beneficial for lowering cardiovascular risks following type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and prediabetes,but existing evidence relies mainly on self-reported measurements.We a...Background Physical activity(PA)is considered beneficial for lowering cardiovascular risks following type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and prediabetes,but existing evidence relies mainly on self-reported measurements.We aimed to describe the intensity-specific dose-response associations of PA and sedentary behavior(SB)with macrovascular and microvascular events among individuals with T2DM and prediabetes.Methods This study included 11,474 individuals with T2DM and prediabetes from the UK Biobank.PA,including total PA,moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA(MVPA),light-intensity PA(LPA),and SB,were measured by accelerometers over 7 days.MVPA was categorized according to the American Diabetes Association guideline-recommended level(at least 150 min/week),and total PA,LPA,and SB were grouped by tertiles.The outcomes were incidences of macrovascular events,microvascular events,heart failure(HF),and their combination(composite events).The events were ascertained using the International Classification of Diseases-10(ICD-10)codes on the hospital or death records.Results During a median follow-up of 6.8 years,1680 cases were documented,including 969 macrovascular events,839 microvascular events,and 284 incidents of HF.Accelerometer-measured PA,irrespective of intensity,was inversely associated with the risk of composite events and each outcome in the dose-response patterns.Regarding categorized PA,engagement in total PA(high vs.low)was associated with decreased risk of macrovascular events(hazard ratio(HR)=0.80;95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.67-0.95),microvascular events(HR=0.76;95%CI:0.63-0.93),and HF(HR=0.46;95%CI:0.32-0.66).Adherence to MVPA,but not LPA,above the guideline-recommended level(at least 150 min/week)was associated with reduced risk of macrovascular events(HR=0.80;95%CI:0.68-0.95),microvascular events(HR=0.76;95%CI:0.63-0.92),and HF(HR=0.65;95%CI:0.46-0.92).The minimum dose of MVPA for lowering the risk of composite events was approximately 59.0 min/week.More time spent in SB was associated with an increased risk of composite events(high vs.low,HR=1.17;95%CI:1.02-1.35)and HF(high vs.low,HR=1.54;95%CI:1.09-2.20).Replacement of 30 min of SB(HR=0.73;95%CI:0.65-0.81)and LPA(HR=0.74;95%CI:0.66-0.83)with MVPA dramatically reduced the risk of composite events.Conclusion Adherence to a higher amount of accelerometer-measured PA,especially MVPA at least 59 min/week,is associated with reduced risks of macrovascular and microvascular events among individuals with T2DM and prediabetes.Replacement of SB and LPA with MVPA helped lower the risk of diabetic vascular events.展开更多
Three cases of structural-stratigraphic accumulations in the foredeep zone of the Oriente Basin have been analyzed.The target reservoirs are U and M1 sections of Napo Fm.in the Basin.Seismic amplitude maps are used fo...Three cases of structural-stratigraphic accumulations in the foredeep zone of the Oriente Basin have been analyzed.The target reservoirs are U and M1 sections of Napo Fm.in the Basin.Seismic amplitude maps are used for sand distribution pattern,and wells interpretation and correlations are applied for fluid distribution and reservoir continuity.These cases show that their oil distribution areas are significantly larger than their structure closures and thus should be structural-stratigraphic traps.But only in one case,lateral stratigraphic/lithological seals can be clearly observed.In the other two,the lateral seals are apparently discontinuous and cannot provide a complete barrier at the up-dip of the structures.Possible factors for the formation of those untypical structural-stratigraphic accumulations are studied,such as formation water flow and water head variations,basin and field structure evolution patterns,oil generation and charging history etc.An integrated mechanism is proposed in this study,where three factors may have acted together.1)Slow long distance oil migration in LU and M1 reservoirs,due to their lateral discontinuity in the foredeep of the basin.This is supported by the distal estuarine and prodelta depositional environment suggested by previous sedimentological studies.2)Ongoing secondary oil migration from south to north,caused by southward plunging and destruction of proto accumulations in the southern and middle part of the basin.This structure deformation is in turn caused by differential subsidence between the southern and northern part of the basin.3)Additional oil supplied from the southern kitchen.The southern source kitchen is still in the oil window and providing pulses of oil charge since the Oligocene.If this mechanism is valid,it would imply that in the southern and northern transition zone of the basin,similar untypical traps should also exist.The area of southern extension of the two untypical accumulation is over 50 km2,while within the basin,the transition zone of differential basin subsidence with distal and thus discontinuous LU and M1 reservoirs covers an area over 2000 km2.These findings suggest a new and potentially extensive play concept with significant exploration potential in the Oriente Basin.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the protective effects of the atomisation inhalation of edaravone on the lung tissues of rats with smoke inhalation injury. Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided ...Objective: To investigate the protective effects of the atomisation inhalation of edaravone on the lung tissues of rats with smoke inhalation injury. Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups of ten rats each: normal control group (group A), normal saline atomisation group (group B), edaravone aerosol group (group C) and edaravone atomisation prevention group (group D). Barring group A, the groups were used to create a model of severe smoke inhalation injury. However, before developing the model, group D rats were made to inhale edaravone (3.6 mg/mL) for 10 min. Six hours following smoke inhalation injury, abdominal artery blood samples were centrifuged, the lung tissue homogenate was prepared and carotid artery blood samples were used for blood gas analysis and oxygenation index (PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub>) calculation. The levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-10 in serum and the levels of cysteine protease 3 (caspase-3), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in lung tissues were examined. The wet-dry ratio (W/D) and water content of the lung tissue were calculated, and the TUNEL method was used to determine the rate of lung tissue apoptosis in each group. Tissue specimens were obtained from the partial lung for histopathological examination. Results: Compared with those in group A, the water content of the lung tissue, the rate of lung tissue apoptosis, W/D and the caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, MDA and MPO levels were significantly greater in other groups (PP< 0.05).<sup> </sup>Compared with those in group B, the levels of W/D, the water content of the lung tissue, the rate of lung tissue apoptosis and the levels of caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-6, MDA and MPO were significantly low (P and the levels of IL-10, SOD and PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> were significantly high in groups C and D (P The expression of the aforementioned factors was more evident in Group D (P < 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed that groups C and D had greater levels of inflammatory granulocytes than group B. This was more evident in group D. Conclusions: The inhalation of edaravone can reduce smoke inhalation-induced lung injury. This may be related to the inhibition of apoptosis, the reduction of peroxidation injury and the production/release of inflammatory mediators/free radicals. It exerts a remarkable preventive effect.展开更多
The massive loss of oligodendrocytes caused by various pathological factors is a basic feature of many demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system(CNS). Based on a variety of studies, it is now well establish...The massive loss of oligodendrocytes caused by various pathological factors is a basic feature of many demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system(CNS). Based on a variety of studies, it is now well established that impairment of oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs) to differentiate and remyelinate axons is a vital event in the failed treatment of demyelinating diseases. Recent evidence suggests that Foxg1 is essential for the proliferation of certain precursors and inhibits premature neurogenesis during brain development. To date, very little attention has been paid to the role of Foxg1 in the proliferation and differentiation of OPCs in demyelinating diseases of the CNS. Here, for the first time, we examined the effects of Foxg1 on demyelination and remyelination in the brain using a cuprizone(CPZ)-induced mouse model. In this work, 7-week-old Foxg1 conditional knockout and wild-type(WT) mice were fed a diet containing 0.2% CPZ w/w for 5 weeks, after which CPZ was withdrawn to enable remyelination. Our results demonstrated that, compared with WT mice, Foxg1-knockout mice exhibited not only alleviated demyelination but also accelerated remyelination of the demyelinated corpus callosum. Furthermore, we found that Foxg1 knockout decreased the proliferation of OPCs and accelerated their differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes both in vivo and in vitro. Wnt signaling plays a critical role in development and in a variety of diseases. GSK-3 b, a key regulatory kinase in the Wnt pathway, regulates the ability of b-catenin to enter nuclei, where it activates the expression of Wnt target genes. We then used SB216763,a selective inhibitor of GSK-3 b activity, to further demonstrate the regulatory mechanism by which Foxg1 affects OPCs in vitro. The results showed that SB216763 clearly inhibited the expression of GSK-3 b, which abolished the effect of the proliferation and differentiation of OPCs caused by the knockdown of Foxg1. These results suggest that Foxg1 is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of OPCs through the Wnt signaling pathway. The present experimental results are some of the first to suggest that Foxg1 is a new therapeutic target for the treatment of demyelinating diseases of the CNS.展开更多
Designing active,robust and cost-effective catalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR) is of paramount significance for sustainable electrochemical NH3 synthesis.Transition-metal diborides(TMB_2)have been recen...Designing active,robust and cost-effective catalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR) is of paramount significance for sustainable electrochemical NH3 synthesis.Transition-metal diborides(TMB_2)have been recently theoretically predicted to be a new class of potential NRR catalysts,but direct experimental evidence is still lacking.Herein,we present the first experimental demonstration that amorphous FeB_2 porous nanosheets(a-FeB_2 PNSs) could be a highly efficient NRR catalyst,which exhibited an NH3 yield of 39.8 μg h^(-1) mg^(-1)(-0.3 V) and a Faradaic efficiency of 16.7%(-0.2 V),significantly outperforming their crystalline counterpart and most of existing NRR catalysts.First-principle calculations unveiled that the amorphization could induce the upraised d-band center of a-FeB_2 to boost d-2π~* coupling between the active Fe site and ~*N_2 H intermediate,resulting in enhanced ~*N_2 H stabilization and reduced reaction barrier.Out study may facilitate the development and understanding of earth-abundant TMB_2-based catalysts for electrocatalytic N_2 fixation.展开更多
Purpose:The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity(PA)with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a populat...Purpose:The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity(PA)with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based prospective cohort study.Methods:Altogether,88,000 participants(mean age=62.2±7.9 years,mean±SD)were included from the UK Biobank.Sleep duration(short:<6 h/day;normal:6-8 h/day;long:>8 h/day)and PA of different intensities were measured using a wrist-won accelerometer over a 7-day period between 2013 and 2015.PA was classified according to the median or World Health Organization-recommendation:total volume of PA(high,low),moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)(recommended,not recommended),and light-intensity PA(high,low).Incidence of type 2diabetes was ascertained using hospital records or death registries.Results:During a median follow-up of 7.0 years,1615 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented.Compared with normal sleep duration,short(hazard ratio(HR)=1.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.03-1.41)but not long sleep duration(HR=1.01,95%CI:0.89-1.15)was associated with excessive type 2 diabetes risk.This increased risk among short sleepers seems to be protected against by PA.Compared with normal sleepers with high or recommended PA,short sleepers with low volume of PA(HR=1.81,95%CI:1.46-2.25),not recommended(below the World Health Organization-recommended level of)MVPA(HR=1.92,95%CI:1.55-2.36),or low light-intensity PA(HR=1.49,95%CI:1.13-1.90)had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes,while short sleepers with a high volume of PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.88-1.49),recommended MVPA(HR=1.02,95%CI:0.71-1.48),or high light-intensity PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.92-1.41)did not.Conclusion:Accelerometer-measured short but not long sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes.A higher level of PA,regardless of intensity,potentially ameliorates this excessive risk.展开更多
MapReduce is a widely used programming model for large-scale data processing.However,it still suffers from the skew problem,which refers to the case in which load is imbalanced among tasks.This problem can cause a sma...MapReduce is a widely used programming model for large-scale data processing.However,it still suffers from the skew problem,which refers to the case in which load is imbalanced among tasks.This problem can cause a small number of tasks to consume much more time than other tasks,thereby prolonging the total job completion time.Existing solutions to this problem commonly predict the loads of tasks and then rebalance the load among them.However,solutions of this kind often incur high performance overhead due to the load prediction and rebalancing.Moreover,existing solutions target the partitioning skew for reduce tasks,but cannot mitigate the computational skew for map tasks.Accordingly,in this paper,we present DynamicAdjust,a run-time dynamic resource adjustment technique for mitigating skew.Rather than rebalancing the load among tasks,DynamicAdjust monitors the run-time execution of tasks and dynamically increases resources for those tasks that require more computation.In so doing,DynamicAdjust can not only eliminate the overhead incurred by load prediction and rebalancing,but also culls both the partitioning skew and the computational skew.Experiments are conducted based on a 21-node real cluster using real-world datasets.The results show that DynamicAdjust can mitigate the negative impact of the skew and shorten the job completion time by up to 40.85%.展开更多
Recent years have witnessed the wide contributions made by transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)to various fields, including the biomedical field. Here, to identify and further promote the development of biomedical ...Recent years have witnessed the wide contributions made by transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)to various fields, including the biomedical field. Here, to identify and further promote the development of biomedical TMDCs, we provide a bibliometric analysis of literature regarding TMDCs for biomedical applications. Firstly, general bibliometric distributions of the dataset by year, country, institute, Web of Science category and referenced source are recognized. Following, we carefully explore the research hotspots of the TMDC-related biomedical field, among which biosensing, bioelectronics, cancer theranostics, antibacterial and tissue engineering are identified. The functions of TMDCs in each biomedical scenario, the related properties and research challenges are highlighted. Finally, future prospects are proposed to shed light on the design of novel TMDC-related biomaterials, potential new biomedical applications, as well as their clinical translation.展开更多
In this paper,we investigated the shot blast treatment for derusting application through finite element(FE)simulations with a large number of random shots.The element deletion technique based on dynamic failure criter...In this paper,we investigated the shot blast treatment for derusting application through finite element(FE)simulations with a large number of random shots.The element deletion technique based on dynamic failure criteria was used to model the removal of rust.The cohesive surface model with damage evolution was used to characterize the decohesion of the rust/substrate interface.The effects of various processing and material parameters on the derusting effectiveness were examined.The results show that the rate of derusting mainly depends on the shot size,velocity and impinging angle,with little relevance to the rust thickness.The spalling of the rust fragments resulted from the decohesion of the rust/substrate interface were observed,especially during the later stage of the treatment.Furthermore,the residual stress and the surface roughness was also investigated and the beneficial effects of shot blast treatment in terms of these aspects were highlighted.展开更多
Melodinus henryi is a good source of terpenoid indole alkaloids,and traditionally used as a folk medicine in the treatment of meningitis and fracture.In order to further exploit their potential uses,its anti-inflammat...Melodinus henryi is a good source of terpenoid indole alkaloids,and traditionally used as a folk medicine in the treatment of meningitis and fracture.In order to further exploit their potential uses,its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activi-ties,safety evaluations and chemical profiles have been illustrated.Compared to the crude methanol extract from M.henryi and its non-alkaloidal fraction,the total alkaloidal fraction(MHTA)had the strongest anti-inflammatory and immunosup-pressive activities.In the acute oral toxicity assay,the half lethal dose(LD50)of MHTA was more than 2000 mg/kg.The sub-acute toxicity assay for consecutive 28 days exhibited MHTA at a lower concentrations of less than 500 mg/kg might be regarded as safe,and might damage spleen,liver,kidney,and heart when the dose is higher than 1000 mg/kg.In addition,a phytochemical investigation on MHTA led to the isolation of 15 monoterpenoid indole alkaloids.Thus,in regard with the potent side effects of MHTA,it should be used with caution in the development of phytomedicine.展开更多
Acid cleaning processes were performed on a class 100 laminar flow clean bench assembled inside a class 1000 clean room.The ultrapure water was produced by Millipore RO (Reverse Osmosis) and Milli-Q water purification...Acid cleaning processes were performed on a class 100 laminar flow clean bench assembled inside a class 1000 clean room.The ultrapure water was produced by Millipore RO (Reverse Osmosis) and Milli-Q water purification systems.The three purity grades of nitric acid used for cleaning include Merck reagent grade HNO3,Fisher 'TraceMetal' grade HNO3,and the purest Fisher 'Optima' grade HNO3.The various bottles,containers and other labware,which are in contact with the samples,are made of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and FEP or PFA Teflon materials.The acid cleaning procedures of the bottles and other containers follow a successive four times cleaning through immersion in increasing purity of nitric acid baths at different concentrations during four weeks.The first acid bath is performed at room temperature,but the following three acid baths are heated on ceramic hotplates with a surface temperature of 45℃.In order to verify the efficiency of the acid cleaning method,cleaned bottles underwent a blank determination procedure using ELAN 6100 inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS).Results show that most measured trace elements are not detected and the elements detected are at very low concentrations.The blank values are comparable with that of bottles cleaned at Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI).Although the acid cleaning method is developed mainly for reliable measurements of trace elements in snow and ice samples,it can also be used for investigations of trace elements in other environmental samples.展开更多
Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BiMnO3(NBT-BM)limited solid solution films were fabricated to investigate the lattice modification on the energy storage performances.The introduction of the BM solute lattice induces the NBT solvent la...Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BiMnO3(NBT-BM)limited solid solution films were fabricated to investigate the lattice modification on the energy storage performances.The introduction of the BM solute lattice induces the NBT solvent lattices undergoing the transition from the pure phase,solid solution,solubility limit to precipitation.Correspondingly,the polarization states transfer from the macroscopic ferroelectric domains to nanodomains then to compound ferroelectric domains.The introduction of BiMnO3 generates great lattice changes including the local lattice fluctuation and the large lattice stretching,which enhance the energy storage performances,with the energy storage efficiency being enhanced from 39.2%to 53.2%and 51.7%and the energy density being enhanced from 33.1 J/cm3 to 76.5 J/cm^3 and 83.8 J/cm^3 for the BM components of 2%and 4%,respectively.The lattice modifications play a key role in the energy storage performances for limited solid solution films,which provides an alternative strategy for energy storage material.展开更多
Background Understanding the evolution of circadian rhythm dysfunction and psychopathology in the high-risk population has important implications for the prevention of bipolar disorder.Nevertheless,some of the previou...Background Understanding the evolution of circadian rhythm dysfunction and psychopathology in the high-risk population has important implications for the prevention of bipolar disorder.Nevertheless,some of the previous studies on the emergence of psychopathologies and circadian dysfunction among high-risk populations were inconsistent and limited.Aims To examine the prevalence rates of sleep and circadian dysfunctions,mental disorders and their symptoms in the offspring of parents with(O-BD)and without bipolar disorder(O-control).Methods The study included 191 O-BD and 202 O-control subjects aged 6-21 years from the Greater Bay Area,China.The diagnoses and symptoms of sleep/circadian rhythm and mental disorders were assessed by the Diagnostic Interview for Sleep Patterns and Disorders,and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version,respectively.Generalised estimating equations and shared frailty proportional hazards models of survival analysis were applied to compare the outcomes in the offspring.Results Adjusting for age,sex and region of recruitment,there was a significantly higher risk of delayed sleep phase symptoms(9.55%vs 2.58%,adjusted OR:4.04)in O-BD than in O-control.O-BD had a nearly fivefold higher risk of mood disorders(11.70%vs 3.47%,adjusted OR:4.68)and social anxiety(6.28%vs 1.49%,adjusted OR:4.70),a fourfold higher risk of depressive disorders(11.17%vs 3.47%,adjusted OR:3.99)and a threefold higher risk of mood symptoms(20.74%vs 10.40%,adjusted OR:2.59)than O-control.Subgroup analysis revealed that O-BD children(aged under 12 years)had a nearly 2-fold higher risk of any mental and behavioural symptoms than O-control,while there was a nearly 4-fold higher risk of delayed sleep phase symptoms,a 7.5-fold higher risk of social anxiety and a 3-fold higher risk of mood symptoms in O-BD adolescents(aged 12 years and over).Conclusions There was an increase in delayed sleep phase symptoms in O-BD adolescents compared with their control counterparts,confirming the central role of circadian rhythm dysfunction in bipolar disorder.The findings of the specific age-related and stage-related developmental patterns of psychopathologies and circadian dysfunction in children and adolescent offspring of parents with bipolar disorder paved the way to develop specific and early clinical intervention and prevention strategies.展开更多
Immune function and antioxidant defense play an important role in protecting animals against pathogens and in controlling oxidative stress, respectively. Aldicarb is of great concern for human health due to its toxic ...Immune function and antioxidant defense play an important role in protecting animals against pathogens and in controlling oxidative stress, respectively. Aldicarb is of great concern for human health due to its toxic nature, its extensive usage and consequent pollution. The hypothesis that aldicarb exposure would suppress immune function and antioxidant capacity in Kunming mice was to be tested in the present study. Twenty-three adult male mice were randomly divided into the control (n = 11) and the aldicarb treated (n = 12) groups. Food and water were provided ad libtum for both groups, while the aldicarb treated mice drank aldicarb solution (0.097 mg/L) for 22 days. Cellular immunity assessed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) response did not differ between the control and the aldicarb treated groups. Similarly, white blood cells were not influenced by aldicarb treatment. Moreover, aldicarb exposure had not significant effect on body mass, all organ masses detected. However, aldicarb treatment suppressed total antioxidant capacity in liver but not in kidneys. In summary, aldicarb treatment did not affect immune function, but suppressed liver antioxidant capacity in Kunming mice.展开更多
Goji(Lycium barbarum L.)leaves are widely processed as a healthy tea(GT)in China for their multiple biological activities.In this study,different polar segments from GT ethanolic extract were obtained using the liquid...Goji(Lycium barbarum L.)leaves are widely processed as a healthy tea(GT)in China for their multiple biological activities.In this study,different polar segments from GT ethanolic extract were obtained using the liquid-liquid fractionation method.n-Butanol fraction(GN)had the highest antioxidant activity while ethyl acetate fraction(GE)showed the highest inhibitory effect on theα-glucosidase enzyme.The anti-diabetic effect of GE was further investigated in type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM)mice.The oral administration of GE(300 or 600 mg/kg)reduced fasting blood glucose levels,improved glucose tolerance ability,and ameliorated insulin resistance in T2DM mice.GE intervention could enhance the cholesterol transportation in the serum in coincidence with decreased total cholesterol,triglyceride levels,and non-esterified fatty acid.Transcriptomic,immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis revealed that GE significantly up-regulated insulin receptor substrate 1,phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase,protein kinase B,glycogen synthesis,and glucose transporter 4.AMP-activated protein kinases-mediate gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis,such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase1 and glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver and kidney tissues of GE groups were decreased.Thus,GE alleviated the liver,kidney,and pancreatic tissue damage.The phytoconstituents of GE were characterized,and rutin,neochlorogenic acid,and its acylated derivatives have hypoglycemic effects.Furthermore,these findings suggested that GT might be used as a promising hypoglycemic candidate.展开更多
For the first time,to our knowledge,we demonstrate a six-mode transmission over a 960-km fiber link using inline integrated amplification provided by a six-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier(6M-EDFA)for a 28-GBaud dual...For the first time,to our knowledge,we demonstrate a six-mode transmission over a 960-km fiber link using inline integrated amplification provided by a six-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier(6M-EDFA)for a 28-GBaud dual-polarization QPSK signal.This transmission distance is five times longer than that of previously reported works.The integrated 6M-EDFA enabling this long-haul transmission exhibits modal gains of>17.6 dB,while the gains increase to 25 dB with an input power of−25 dBm.Importantly,a Gaussian-like erbium doping profile has been proposed to optimize the differential modal gain to 1.15 dB,ensuring a more uniform signal-to-noise ratio between spatial modes after long-haul transmission.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32100880)Guangzhou Research-oriented Hospital。
文摘Background Physical activity(PA)is considered beneficial for lowering cardiovascular risks following type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and prediabetes,but existing evidence relies mainly on self-reported measurements.We aimed to describe the intensity-specific dose-response associations of PA and sedentary behavior(SB)with macrovascular and microvascular events among individuals with T2DM and prediabetes.Methods This study included 11,474 individuals with T2DM and prediabetes from the UK Biobank.PA,including total PA,moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA(MVPA),light-intensity PA(LPA),and SB,were measured by accelerometers over 7 days.MVPA was categorized according to the American Diabetes Association guideline-recommended level(at least 150 min/week),and total PA,LPA,and SB were grouped by tertiles.The outcomes were incidences of macrovascular events,microvascular events,heart failure(HF),and their combination(composite events).The events were ascertained using the International Classification of Diseases-10(ICD-10)codes on the hospital or death records.Results During a median follow-up of 6.8 years,1680 cases were documented,including 969 macrovascular events,839 microvascular events,and 284 incidents of HF.Accelerometer-measured PA,irrespective of intensity,was inversely associated with the risk of composite events and each outcome in the dose-response patterns.Regarding categorized PA,engagement in total PA(high vs.low)was associated with decreased risk of macrovascular events(hazard ratio(HR)=0.80;95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.67-0.95),microvascular events(HR=0.76;95%CI:0.63-0.93),and HF(HR=0.46;95%CI:0.32-0.66).Adherence to MVPA,but not LPA,above the guideline-recommended level(at least 150 min/week)was associated with reduced risk of macrovascular events(HR=0.80;95%CI:0.68-0.95),microvascular events(HR=0.76;95%CI:0.63-0.92),and HF(HR=0.65;95%CI:0.46-0.92).The minimum dose of MVPA for lowering the risk of composite events was approximately 59.0 min/week.More time spent in SB was associated with an increased risk of composite events(high vs.low,HR=1.17;95%CI:1.02-1.35)and HF(high vs.low,HR=1.54;95%CI:1.09-2.20).Replacement of 30 min of SB(HR=0.73;95%CI:0.65-0.81)and LPA(HR=0.74;95%CI:0.66-0.83)with MVPA dramatically reduced the risk of composite events.Conclusion Adherence to a higher amount of accelerometer-measured PA,especially MVPA at least 59 min/week,is associated with reduced risks of macrovascular and microvascular events among individuals with T2DM and prediabetes.Replacement of SB and LPA with MVPA helped lower the risk of diabetic vascular events.
基金funded by the special project of the Department of Science and Technology,Sinopec(P23180).
文摘Three cases of structural-stratigraphic accumulations in the foredeep zone of the Oriente Basin have been analyzed.The target reservoirs are U and M1 sections of Napo Fm.in the Basin.Seismic amplitude maps are used for sand distribution pattern,and wells interpretation and correlations are applied for fluid distribution and reservoir continuity.These cases show that their oil distribution areas are significantly larger than their structure closures and thus should be structural-stratigraphic traps.But only in one case,lateral stratigraphic/lithological seals can be clearly observed.In the other two,the lateral seals are apparently discontinuous and cannot provide a complete barrier at the up-dip of the structures.Possible factors for the formation of those untypical structural-stratigraphic accumulations are studied,such as formation water flow and water head variations,basin and field structure evolution patterns,oil generation and charging history etc.An integrated mechanism is proposed in this study,where three factors may have acted together.1)Slow long distance oil migration in LU and M1 reservoirs,due to their lateral discontinuity in the foredeep of the basin.This is supported by the distal estuarine and prodelta depositional environment suggested by previous sedimentological studies.2)Ongoing secondary oil migration from south to north,caused by southward plunging and destruction of proto accumulations in the southern and middle part of the basin.This structure deformation is in turn caused by differential subsidence between the southern and northern part of the basin.3)Additional oil supplied from the southern kitchen.The southern source kitchen is still in the oil window and providing pulses of oil charge since the Oligocene.If this mechanism is valid,it would imply that in the southern and northern transition zone of the basin,similar untypical traps should also exist.The area of southern extension of the two untypical accumulation is over 50 km2,while within the basin,the transition zone of differential basin subsidence with distal and thus discontinuous LU and M1 reservoirs covers an area over 2000 km2.These findings suggest a new and potentially extensive play concept with significant exploration potential in the Oriente Basin.
文摘Objective: To investigate the protective effects of the atomisation inhalation of edaravone on the lung tissues of rats with smoke inhalation injury. Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups of ten rats each: normal control group (group A), normal saline atomisation group (group B), edaravone aerosol group (group C) and edaravone atomisation prevention group (group D). Barring group A, the groups were used to create a model of severe smoke inhalation injury. However, before developing the model, group D rats were made to inhale edaravone (3.6 mg/mL) for 10 min. Six hours following smoke inhalation injury, abdominal artery blood samples were centrifuged, the lung tissue homogenate was prepared and carotid artery blood samples were used for blood gas analysis and oxygenation index (PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub>) calculation. The levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-10 in serum and the levels of cysteine protease 3 (caspase-3), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in lung tissues were examined. The wet-dry ratio (W/D) and water content of the lung tissue were calculated, and the TUNEL method was used to determine the rate of lung tissue apoptosis in each group. Tissue specimens were obtained from the partial lung for histopathological examination. Results: Compared with those in group A, the water content of the lung tissue, the rate of lung tissue apoptosis, W/D and the caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, MDA and MPO levels were significantly greater in other groups (PP< 0.05).<sup> </sup>Compared with those in group B, the levels of W/D, the water content of the lung tissue, the rate of lung tissue apoptosis and the levels of caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-6, MDA and MPO were significantly low (P and the levels of IL-10, SOD and PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> were significantly high in groups C and D (P The expression of the aforementioned factors was more evident in Group D (P < 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed that groups C and D had greater levels of inflammatory granulocytes than group B. This was more evident in group D. Conclusions: The inhalation of edaravone can reduce smoke inhalation-induced lung injury. This may be related to the inhibition of apoptosis, the reduction of peroxidation injury and the production/release of inflammatory mediators/free radicals. It exerts a remarkable preventive effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81771337 and 81271345)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0104202)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20161174)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(18KJB180028)the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(2015 to RY)。
文摘The massive loss of oligodendrocytes caused by various pathological factors is a basic feature of many demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system(CNS). Based on a variety of studies, it is now well established that impairment of oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs) to differentiate and remyelinate axons is a vital event in the failed treatment of demyelinating diseases. Recent evidence suggests that Foxg1 is essential for the proliferation of certain precursors and inhibits premature neurogenesis during brain development. To date, very little attention has been paid to the role of Foxg1 in the proliferation and differentiation of OPCs in demyelinating diseases of the CNS. Here, for the first time, we examined the effects of Foxg1 on demyelination and remyelination in the brain using a cuprizone(CPZ)-induced mouse model. In this work, 7-week-old Foxg1 conditional knockout and wild-type(WT) mice were fed a diet containing 0.2% CPZ w/w for 5 weeks, after which CPZ was withdrawn to enable remyelination. Our results demonstrated that, compared with WT mice, Foxg1-knockout mice exhibited not only alleviated demyelination but also accelerated remyelination of the demyelinated corpus callosum. Furthermore, we found that Foxg1 knockout decreased the proliferation of OPCs and accelerated their differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes both in vivo and in vitro. Wnt signaling plays a critical role in development and in a variety of diseases. GSK-3 b, a key regulatory kinase in the Wnt pathway, regulates the ability of b-catenin to enter nuclei, where it activates the expression of Wnt target genes. We then used SB216763,a selective inhibitor of GSK-3 b activity, to further demonstrate the regulatory mechanism by which Foxg1 affects OPCs in vitro. The results showed that SB216763 clearly inhibited the expression of GSK-3 b, which abolished the effect of the proliferation and differentiation of OPCs caused by the knockdown of Foxg1. These results suggest that Foxg1 is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of OPCs through the Wnt signaling pathway. The present experimental results are some of the first to suggest that Foxg1 is a new therapeutic target for the treatment of demyelinating diseases of the CNS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51761024)the CAS ‘‘Light of West China” Program, ‘‘Feitian Scholar” Program of Gansu Provincethe Foundation of A Hundred Youth Talents Training Program of Lanzhou Jiaotong University。
文摘Designing active,robust and cost-effective catalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR) is of paramount significance for sustainable electrochemical NH3 synthesis.Transition-metal diborides(TMB_2)have been recently theoretically predicted to be a new class of potential NRR catalysts,but direct experimental evidence is still lacking.Herein,we present the first experimental demonstration that amorphous FeB_2 porous nanosheets(a-FeB_2 PNSs) could be a highly efficient NRR catalyst,which exhibited an NH3 yield of 39.8 μg h^(-1) mg^(-1)(-0.3 V) and a Faradaic efficiency of 16.7%(-0.2 V),significantly outperforming their crystalline counterpart and most of existing NRR catalysts.First-principle calculations unveiled that the amorphization could induce the upraised d-band center of a-FeB_2 to boost d-2π~* coupling between the active Fe site and ~*N_2 H intermediate,resulting in enhanced ~*N_2 H stabilization and reduced reaction barrier.Out study may facilitate the development and understanding of earth-abundant TMB_2-based catalysts for electrocatalytic N_2 fixation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2501500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171476)。
文摘Purpose:The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity(PA)with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based prospective cohort study.Methods:Altogether,88,000 participants(mean age=62.2±7.9 years,mean±SD)were included from the UK Biobank.Sleep duration(short:<6 h/day;normal:6-8 h/day;long:>8 h/day)and PA of different intensities were measured using a wrist-won accelerometer over a 7-day period between 2013 and 2015.PA was classified according to the median or World Health Organization-recommendation:total volume of PA(high,low),moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)(recommended,not recommended),and light-intensity PA(high,low).Incidence of type 2diabetes was ascertained using hospital records or death registries.Results:During a median follow-up of 7.0 years,1615 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented.Compared with normal sleep duration,short(hazard ratio(HR)=1.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.03-1.41)but not long sleep duration(HR=1.01,95%CI:0.89-1.15)was associated with excessive type 2 diabetes risk.This increased risk among short sleepers seems to be protected against by PA.Compared with normal sleepers with high or recommended PA,short sleepers with low volume of PA(HR=1.81,95%CI:1.46-2.25),not recommended(below the World Health Organization-recommended level of)MVPA(HR=1.92,95%CI:1.55-2.36),or low light-intensity PA(HR=1.49,95%CI:1.13-1.90)had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes,while short sleepers with a high volume of PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.88-1.49),recommended MVPA(HR=1.02,95%CI:0.71-1.48),or high light-intensity PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.92-1.41)did not.Conclusion:Accelerometer-measured short but not long sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes.A higher level of PA,regardless of intensity,potentially ameliorates this excessive risk.
基金funded by the Key Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B010137005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61906209).
文摘MapReduce is a widely used programming model for large-scale data processing.However,it still suffers from the skew problem,which refers to the case in which load is imbalanced among tasks.This problem can cause a small number of tasks to consume much more time than other tasks,thereby prolonging the total job completion time.Existing solutions to this problem commonly predict the loads of tasks and then rebalance the load among them.However,solutions of this kind often incur high performance overhead due to the load prediction and rebalancing.Moreover,existing solutions target the partitioning skew for reduce tasks,but cannot mitigate the computational skew for map tasks.Accordingly,in this paper,we present DynamicAdjust,a run-time dynamic resource adjustment technique for mitigating skew.Rather than rebalancing the load among tasks,DynamicAdjust monitors the run-time execution of tasks and dynamically increases resources for those tasks that require more computation.In so doing,DynamicAdjust can not only eliminate the overhead incurred by load prediction and rebalancing,but also culls both the partitioning skew and the computational skew.Experiments are conducted based on a 21-node real cluster using real-world datasets.The results show that DynamicAdjust can mitigate the negative impact of the skew and shorten the job completion time by up to 40.85%.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB36000000)the National Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2020YFA0710702 and 2016YFA2021600)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51822207, 51772292 and 11621505)Chinese Academy of Sciences Youth Innovation Promotion Association (No. 2013007)CAS-Iranian Vice Presidency for Science and Technology Joint Research Project (No. 113111KYSB20190067)。
文摘Recent years have witnessed the wide contributions made by transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)to various fields, including the biomedical field. Here, to identify and further promote the development of biomedical TMDCs, we provide a bibliometric analysis of literature regarding TMDCs for biomedical applications. Firstly, general bibliometric distributions of the dataset by year, country, institute, Web of Science category and referenced source are recognized. Following, we carefully explore the research hotspots of the TMDC-related biomedical field, among which biosensing, bioelectronics, cancer theranostics, antibacterial and tissue engineering are identified. The functions of TMDCs in each biomedical scenario, the related properties and research challenges are highlighted. Finally, future prospects are proposed to shed light on the design of novel TMDC-related biomaterials, potential new biomedical applications, as well as their clinical translation.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 11772231Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission under Grant 15zz018the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 1500219095,and Shanghai Supercomputer Center.
文摘In this paper,we investigated the shot blast treatment for derusting application through finite element(FE)simulations with a large number of random shots.The element deletion technique based on dynamic failure criteria was used to model the removal of rust.The cohesive surface model with damage evolution was used to characterize the decohesion of the rust/substrate interface.The effects of various processing and material parameters on the derusting effectiveness were examined.The results show that the rate of derusting mainly depends on the shot size,velocity and impinging angle,with little relevance to the rust thickness.The spalling of the rust fragments resulted from the decohesion of the rust/substrate interface were observed,especially during the later stage of the treatment.Furthermore,the residual stress and the surface roughness was also investigated and the beneficial effects of shot blast treatment in terms of these aspects were highlighted.
基金supported by the open program of State Key of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China(P2018-KF08)the Applied Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(Grant numbers No.2018FB036 and 2017FD121)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 31600274).
文摘Melodinus henryi is a good source of terpenoid indole alkaloids,and traditionally used as a folk medicine in the treatment of meningitis and fracture.In order to further exploit their potential uses,its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activi-ties,safety evaluations and chemical profiles have been illustrated.Compared to the crude methanol extract from M.henryi and its non-alkaloidal fraction,the total alkaloidal fraction(MHTA)had the strongest anti-inflammatory and immunosup-pressive activities.In the acute oral toxicity assay,the half lethal dose(LD50)of MHTA was more than 2000 mg/kg.The sub-acute toxicity assay for consecutive 28 days exhibited MHTA at a lower concentrations of less than 500 mg/kg might be regarded as safe,and might damage spleen,liver,kidney,and heart when the dose is higher than 1000 mg/kg.In addition,a phytochemical investigation on MHTA led to the isolation of 15 monoterpenoid indole alkaloids.Thus,in regard with the potent side effects of MHTA,it should be used with caution in the development of phytomedicine.
基金supported by National Natural Sciences Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (40825017)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SKLCS-ZZ-2008-06)
文摘Acid cleaning processes were performed on a class 100 laminar flow clean bench assembled inside a class 1000 clean room.The ultrapure water was produced by Millipore RO (Reverse Osmosis) and Milli-Q water purification systems.The three purity grades of nitric acid used for cleaning include Merck reagent grade HNO3,Fisher 'TraceMetal' grade HNO3,and the purest Fisher 'Optima' grade HNO3.The various bottles,containers and other labware,which are in contact with the samples,are made of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and FEP or PFA Teflon materials.The acid cleaning procedures of the bottles and other containers follow a successive four times cleaning through immersion in increasing purity of nitric acid baths at different concentrations during four weeks.The first acid bath is performed at room temperature,but the following three acid baths are heated on ceramic hotplates with a surface temperature of 45℃.In order to verify the efficiency of the acid cleaning method,cleaned bottles underwent a blank determination procedure using ELAN 6100 inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS).Results show that most measured trace elements are not detected and the elements detected are at very low concentrations.The blank values are comparable with that of bottles cleaned at Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI).Although the acid cleaning method is developed mainly for reliable measurements of trace elements in snow and ice samples,it can also be used for investigations of trace elements in other environmental samples.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11864028 and 11564028)Inner Mongolia Science Foundation,China(Grant No.2018MS01003).
文摘Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BiMnO3(NBT-BM)limited solid solution films were fabricated to investigate the lattice modification on the energy storage performances.The introduction of the BM solute lattice induces the NBT solvent lattices undergoing the transition from the pure phase,solid solution,solubility limit to precipitation.Correspondingly,the polarization states transfer from the macroscopic ferroelectric domains to nanodomains then to compound ferroelectric domains.The introduction of BiMnO3 generates great lattice changes including the local lattice fluctuation and the large lattice stretching,which enhance the energy storage performances,with the energy storage efficiency being enhanced from 39.2%to 53.2%and 51.7%and the energy density being enhanced from 33.1 J/cm3 to 76.5 J/cm^3 and 83.8 J/cm^3 for the BM components of 2%and 4%,respectively.The lattice modifications play a key role in the energy storage performances for limited solid solution films,which provides an alternative strategy for energy storage material.
基金supported by the Health and Medical Research Fund of the Food and Health Bureau of Hong Kong(03140636)and the donation fund from Mr Yip WT and Mrs Yip。
文摘Background Understanding the evolution of circadian rhythm dysfunction and psychopathology in the high-risk population has important implications for the prevention of bipolar disorder.Nevertheless,some of the previous studies on the emergence of psychopathologies and circadian dysfunction among high-risk populations were inconsistent and limited.Aims To examine the prevalence rates of sleep and circadian dysfunctions,mental disorders and their symptoms in the offspring of parents with(O-BD)and without bipolar disorder(O-control).Methods The study included 191 O-BD and 202 O-control subjects aged 6-21 years from the Greater Bay Area,China.The diagnoses and symptoms of sleep/circadian rhythm and mental disorders were assessed by the Diagnostic Interview for Sleep Patterns and Disorders,and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version,respectively.Generalised estimating equations and shared frailty proportional hazards models of survival analysis were applied to compare the outcomes in the offspring.Results Adjusting for age,sex and region of recruitment,there was a significantly higher risk of delayed sleep phase symptoms(9.55%vs 2.58%,adjusted OR:4.04)in O-BD than in O-control.O-BD had a nearly fivefold higher risk of mood disorders(11.70%vs 3.47%,adjusted OR:4.68)and social anxiety(6.28%vs 1.49%,adjusted OR:4.70),a fourfold higher risk of depressive disorders(11.17%vs 3.47%,adjusted OR:3.99)and a threefold higher risk of mood symptoms(20.74%vs 10.40%,adjusted OR:2.59)than O-control.Subgroup analysis revealed that O-BD children(aged under 12 years)had a nearly 2-fold higher risk of any mental and behavioural symptoms than O-control,while there was a nearly 4-fold higher risk of delayed sleep phase symptoms,a 7.5-fold higher risk of social anxiety and a 3-fold higher risk of mood symptoms in O-BD adolescents(aged 12 years and over).Conclusions There was an increase in delayed sleep phase symptoms in O-BD adolescents compared with their control counterparts,confirming the central role of circadian rhythm dysfunction in bipolar disorder.The findings of the specific age-related and stage-related developmental patterns of psychopathologies and circadian dysfunction in children and adolescent offspring of parents with bipolar disorder paved the way to develop specific and early clinical intervention and prevention strategies.
文摘Immune function and antioxidant defense play an important role in protecting animals against pathogens and in controlling oxidative stress, respectively. Aldicarb is of great concern for human health due to its toxic nature, its extensive usage and consequent pollution. The hypothesis that aldicarb exposure would suppress immune function and antioxidant capacity in Kunming mice was to be tested in the present study. Twenty-three adult male mice were randomly divided into the control (n = 11) and the aldicarb treated (n = 12) groups. Food and water were provided ad libtum for both groups, while the aldicarb treated mice drank aldicarb solution (0.097 mg/L) for 22 days. Cellular immunity assessed by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) response did not differ between the control and the aldicarb treated groups. Similarly, white blood cells were not influenced by aldicarb treatment. Moreover, aldicarb exposure had not significant effect on body mass, all organ masses detected. However, aldicarb treatment suppressed total antioxidant capacity in liver but not in kidneys. In summary, aldicarb treatment did not affect immune function, but suppressed liver antioxidant capacity in Kunming mice.
基金supported by the Yunnan High-Level Talents Innovation Program(YNWR-QNBJ-2020-226,YNWR-QNBJ-2020-246)the Major Science and Technology Project(202202AG050009+1 种基金2023530000241013)High-Level Talent Promotion and Training Project of Kunming(2022SCP003).
文摘Goji(Lycium barbarum L.)leaves are widely processed as a healthy tea(GT)in China for their multiple biological activities.In this study,different polar segments from GT ethanolic extract were obtained using the liquid-liquid fractionation method.n-Butanol fraction(GN)had the highest antioxidant activity while ethyl acetate fraction(GE)showed the highest inhibitory effect on theα-glucosidase enzyme.The anti-diabetic effect of GE was further investigated in type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM)mice.The oral administration of GE(300 or 600 mg/kg)reduced fasting blood glucose levels,improved glucose tolerance ability,and ameliorated insulin resistance in T2DM mice.GE intervention could enhance the cholesterol transportation in the serum in coincidence with decreased total cholesterol,triglyceride levels,and non-esterified fatty acid.Transcriptomic,immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis revealed that GE significantly up-regulated insulin receptor substrate 1,phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase,protein kinase B,glycogen synthesis,and glucose transporter 4.AMP-activated protein kinases-mediate gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis,such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase1 and glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver and kidney tissues of GE groups were decreased.Thus,GE alleviated the liver,kidney,and pancreatic tissue damage.The phytoconstituents of GE were characterized,and rutin,neochlorogenic acid,and its acylated derivatives have hypoglycemic effects.Furthermore,these findings suggested that GT might be used as a promising hypoglycemic candidate.
基金Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province(2025YFHZ0020)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62405217)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality(23JCQNJC01580).
文摘For the first time,to our knowledge,we demonstrate a six-mode transmission over a 960-km fiber link using inline integrated amplification provided by a six-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier(6M-EDFA)for a 28-GBaud dual-polarization QPSK signal.This transmission distance is five times longer than that of previously reported works.The integrated 6M-EDFA enabling this long-haul transmission exhibits modal gains of>17.6 dB,while the gains increase to 25 dB with an input power of−25 dBm.Importantly,a Gaussian-like erbium doping profile has been proposed to optimize the differential modal gain to 1.15 dB,ensuring a more uniform signal-to-noise ratio between spatial modes after long-haul transmission.
