The experiment was mainly used to study the effect of insect-proof net mulching cultivation technology on the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse and the spring shoot growth of citrus Shatangju. The results sho...The experiment was mainly used to study the effect of insect-proof net mulching cultivation technology on the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse and the spring shoot growth of citrus Shatangju. The results showed that the 40-mesh translucent insect-proof net had a positive effect on the spring shoot growth of Shatangju in the spring from January to April. In the meantime,according to the change of the temperature and humidity inside and outside the insect-proof net and the change of quantity of Aleyrodidae,Tetranychidae and Phyllocnisidae,it was found that the role of insect-proof net in enhancing the spring shoot growth of Shatangju was possibly achieved by the regulation of citrus pests and the temperature and humidity inside the net.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to ascertain the prevalence of diseases and pests in a range of citrus nurseries situated in Guangdong Province and its neighboring provinces.[Methods]Citrus diseases and pests were systemati...[Objectives]The paper was to ascertain the prevalence of diseases and pests in a range of citrus nurseries situated in Guangdong Province and its neighboring provinces.[Methods]Citrus diseases and pests were systematically investigated,and citrus leaf samples were randomly collected from 15 citrus nurseries across 8 regions in Guangdong Province and its neighboring provinces.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)techniques were employed to detect diseases in the collected samples.Additionally,root and substrate samples were obtained,and root-knot nematodes were isolated using the Baermann funnel method.[Results]The positive detection rate of citrus huanglongbing(HLB)was recorded at 3%,indicating an increase in attention towards this disease compared to 2013.Additionally,the positive detection rate for citrus bacterial canker disease(CBCD)was found to be 16.5%.It was observed that the majority of nurseries with positive samples employed open field rearing practices without the use of mesh chambers,and the primary source of scions was self-propagation.The detection rate of citrus tristeza virus(CTV)was found to be the highest,with a positive detection rate of 63%,and the prevalence in disease-bearing nurseries reached as high as 90%.In comparison to 2013,there had been no improvement in the condition of seedlings affected by CTV.The positive detection rate of citrus yellow vein clearing virus(CYVCV)was found to be 38%,with 70%of the surveyed nurseries exhibiting the disease.The citrus varieties identified as carriers of the disease included‘Qicheng’,‘Shatangju’,‘Wogan’,and‘Gonggan’.Nematodes were isolated from the matrix and roots of seedlings grown in both container and open field environments.The susceptibility of container seedlings to nematodes was found to be 36.4%,while the susceptibility of open field seedlings was 38.6%.Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference in susceptibility between the two groups.[Conclusions]The disease detection rates associated with various seedling rearing methods and citrus varieties exhibited notable variability.Open field seedlings without the protection of mesh chambers demonstrated a higher susceptibility to disease.Additionally,the types of infectious diseases varied among the different citrus varieties.展开更多
In this paper, a modified Polak-Ribière-Polyak conjugate gradient projection method is proposed for solving large scale nonlinear convex constrained monotone equations based on the projection method of Solodov an...In this paper, a modified Polak-Ribière-Polyak conjugate gradient projection method is proposed for solving large scale nonlinear convex constrained monotone equations based on the projection method of Solodov and Svaiter. The obtained method has low-complexity property and converges globally. Furthermore, this method has also been extended to solve the sparse signal reconstruction in compressive sensing. Numerical experiments illustrate the efficiency of the given method and show that such non-monotone method is suitable for some large scale problems.展开更多
This paper summarizes the impact of herbicides on plant antioxidant enzyme systems and malondialdehyde(MDA)activity,and the role of glutathione(GSH)in response to abiotic stresses.Additionally,it provides a perspectiv...This paper summarizes the impact of herbicides on plant antioxidant enzyme systems and malondialdehyde(MDA)activity,and the role of glutathione(GSH)in response to abiotic stresses.Additionally,it provides a perspective on future research regarding the effects of soil herbicide stress on fruit trees.展开更多
Ginkgo biloba is an economically valuable tree worldwide.The species has nearly become extinct during the Quaternary,which has likely resulted in reduction of its genetic variability.The genetic variability is now con...Ginkgo biloba is an economically valuable tree worldwide.The species has nearly become extinct during the Quaternary,which has likely resulted in reduction of its genetic variability.The genetic variability is now conserved in few natural populations in China and a number of cultivars that are,however,derived from a few ancient trees,helping the species survive in China through medieval times.Despite the recent interest in ginkgo,however,detailed knowledge of its genetic diversity,conserved in cultivated trees and cultivars,has remained poor.This limits efficient conservation of its diversity as well as efficient use of the existing germplasm resources.Here we performed genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)on 102 cultivated germplasms of ginkgo collected to explore their genetic structure,kinship,and inbreeding prediction.For the first time in ginkgo,a genome-wide association analysis study(GWAS)was used to attempt gene mapping of seed traits.The results showed that most of the germplasms did not show any obvious genetic relationship.The size of the ginkgo germplasm population expanded significantly around 1500 years ago during the Sui and Tang dynasties.Classification of seed cultivars based on a phylogenetic perspective does not support the current classification criteria based on phenotype.Twenty-four candidate genes were localized after performing GWAS on the seed traits.Overall,this study reveals the genetic basis of ginkgo seed traits and provides insights into its cultivation history.These findings will facilitate the conservation and utilization of the domesticated germplasms of this living fossil plant.展开更多
[Objectives]To protect the local rare citrus germplasm resources and further develop and cultivate new citrus varieties.[Methods]The germplasm resources of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.Ex Tseng Shiyueju)in Sihui City ...[Objectives]To protect the local rare citrus germplasm resources and further develop and cultivate new citrus varieties.[Methods]The germplasm resources of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.Ex Tseng Shiyueju)in Sihui City of Guangdong Province and other 8 citrus varieties from the same origin were evaluated.The appearance characteristics of tree shape,the length and thickness of shoot at each shoot stage,the appearance characteristics of leaves and the fruit quality of each variety were investigated.[Results]Through the comparison of various citrus varieties grafted with sour mandarin,the results showed that the overall advantages of the length and thickness of the shoots of Shatang tangerine in summer and autumn were more prominent,which was conducive to fruit setting.The sprouting time of the three shoots of each variety was different,and there were sporadic sprouting phenomena in different seasons,so the growth was different,and the length and thickness of the shoots were different in different seasons.There were significant differences in shoot length and diameter among different varieties in the same season.The coefficient of variation of Shatangju's leaves was low,and the traits were stable;leaf shape,leaf base shape,leaf margin and other indicators among the three shoots of the same variety and the differences among the same shoots of different varieties were compared.All varieties had strong flavor,separately sweet and sour,sweet and sweet taste.Shatangju has many segments,orange pericarp,rough texture,easy peeling,and high oblate fruit shape.The orange pericarp was favored by the participants,while the rough and thick peel was not favored by the participants.[Conclusions]Based on the improvement of local varieties,it is recommended to improve the smoothness of pericarp,reducing the thickness of pericarp and improving the flavor of fruit will be conducive to increasing sales.In the cultivation process of various quality resources,especially in the period of fruit growth and development,the plan of nutrition and fertilization should be formulated according to the rules of fruit growth and development,the rules of yield formation and the rules of quality composition,so as to establish the integrated nutrient management system of various varieties.展开更多
It is undeniable that it is difficult for Chinese English learners to communicate competently in English with native English speakers. Compared with the grammar mistakes, the pragmalinguistic failures and sociopragmat...It is undeniable that it is difficult for Chinese English learners to communicate competently in English with native English speakers. Compared with the grammar mistakes, the pragmalinguistic failures and sociopragmatic failures are subtle and have received less attention from Chinese English learners. Misunderstanding caused by cross-cultural pragmatic differences is the source of cross-cultural communication breakdown and therefore much more attention should be paid to our communication. The article concerns the failures occurred in cross-cultural communication to show the importance of cross-cultural awareness in the successful communication.展开更多
The southeastern Tibetan Plateau(SETP)plays a pivotal role in accommodating the crustal deformation between the complex Tibet Plateau and the South China Block during the Cenozoic associated with the India-Asia Conver...The southeastern Tibetan Plateau(SETP)plays a pivotal role in accommodating the crustal deformation between the complex Tibet Plateau and the South China Block during the Cenozoic associated with the India-Asia Convergence.In this study,we establish a high-resolution 3-D lithospheric structure model of the SETP through joint inversion of observable multi-geophysical data,to understand its Cenozoic progressive deformation processes,deep seismotectonic environment,as well as regional geodynamic mechanism.We identify two low-density zones within the mid-lower crust that are separated by a pronounced high-density body beneath the inner zone of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province(ELIP).We also image an interconnected channel flow in the lower crust beneath the SETP.To further confirm the relationship between Cenozoic deformation propagation and deep lithospheric architecture,we adopt a holistic perspective from joint inversion of observable multi-geophysical data,coupled with integrated analysis on geometric-kinematic characteristics of major strike-slip fault zones and regional tectonics in the SETP.The results show that the mechanically weak mid-lower crust of the SETP is characterized by low effective elastic thickness(Te),high heat flow,low-density/velocity and low-viscosity,which might accommodate the ductile flow and provide an important channel for the lateral extrusion of crustal materials from the Tibetan Plateau,and ultimately contribute to the episodic lithospheric deformation of the SETP.We trace three main phases of deformation within the SETP during the Cenozoic:the Eocene-early Oligocene latitudinal crustal shortening and thickening,the late Oligocene-early Miocene clockwise rotation and lateral extrusion along major strike-slip faults,and the mid-late Miocene lower crustal flow accompanied with regional kinematic reversal.The lithospheric deformation,the invasion of fluids and the upwelling of deep molten materials are conducive to strain accumulation,which might also explain the occurrence of large earthquakes.Geodynamically,we consider that both the spatio-temporal variance of convergent rates,subduction angle,and processes of the India-Asia Convergence may be associated with episodic crustal deformation and intense seismicity in the SETP.The aqueous fluids in the weak mid-lower crust may have propagated outward due to the long-term gravitational driving forces and contributed to the lithospheric deformation and seismicity of the SETP.Furthermore,the retreat of the subducted Indian slab as well as the rollback and back-arc spreading of the western Pacific Plate also provided favorable conditions for the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Construction Project of Modern Agriculture(Citrus)Industry Technology System(cars-27)
文摘The experiment was mainly used to study the effect of insect-proof net mulching cultivation technology on the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse and the spring shoot growth of citrus Shatangju. The results showed that the 40-mesh translucent insect-proof net had a positive effect on the spring shoot growth of Shatangju in the spring from January to April. In the meantime,according to the change of the temperature and humidity inside and outside the insect-proof net and the change of quantity of Aleyrodidae,Tetranychidae and Phyllocnisidae,it was found that the role of insect-proof net in enhancing the spring shoot growth of Shatangju was possibly achieved by the regulation of citrus pests and the temperature and humidity inside the net.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-26)Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project of Zhaoqing City(2023040308008)+1 种基金Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Guangdong Province(S202310580050)Project of High-quality Development in Hundred Counties,Thousands Towns and Ten Thousand Villages.
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to ascertain the prevalence of diseases and pests in a range of citrus nurseries situated in Guangdong Province and its neighboring provinces.[Methods]Citrus diseases and pests were systematically investigated,and citrus leaf samples were randomly collected from 15 citrus nurseries across 8 regions in Guangdong Province and its neighboring provinces.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)techniques were employed to detect diseases in the collected samples.Additionally,root and substrate samples were obtained,and root-knot nematodes were isolated using the Baermann funnel method.[Results]The positive detection rate of citrus huanglongbing(HLB)was recorded at 3%,indicating an increase in attention towards this disease compared to 2013.Additionally,the positive detection rate for citrus bacterial canker disease(CBCD)was found to be 16.5%.It was observed that the majority of nurseries with positive samples employed open field rearing practices without the use of mesh chambers,and the primary source of scions was self-propagation.The detection rate of citrus tristeza virus(CTV)was found to be the highest,with a positive detection rate of 63%,and the prevalence in disease-bearing nurseries reached as high as 90%.In comparison to 2013,there had been no improvement in the condition of seedlings affected by CTV.The positive detection rate of citrus yellow vein clearing virus(CYVCV)was found to be 38%,with 70%of the surveyed nurseries exhibiting the disease.The citrus varieties identified as carriers of the disease included‘Qicheng’,‘Shatangju’,‘Wogan’,and‘Gonggan’.Nematodes were isolated from the matrix and roots of seedlings grown in both container and open field environments.The susceptibility of container seedlings to nematodes was found to be 36.4%,while the susceptibility of open field seedlings was 38.6%.Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference in susceptibility between the two groups.[Conclusions]The disease detection rates associated with various seedling rearing methods and citrus varieties exhibited notable variability.Open field seedlings without the protection of mesh chambers demonstrated a higher susceptibility to disease.Additionally,the types of infectious diseases varied among the different citrus varieties.
文摘In this paper, a modified Polak-Ribière-Polyak conjugate gradient projection method is proposed for solving large scale nonlinear convex constrained monotone equations based on the projection method of Solodov and Svaiter. The obtained method has low-complexity property and converges globally. Furthermore, this method has also been extended to solve the sparse signal reconstruction in compressive sensing. Numerical experiments illustrate the efficiency of the given method and show that such non-monotone method is suitable for some large scale problems.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-26)Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202310580006).
文摘This paper summarizes the impact of herbicides on plant antioxidant enzyme systems and malondialdehyde(MDA)activity,and the role of glutathione(GSH)in response to abiotic stresses.Additionally,it provides a perspective on future research regarding the effects of soil herbicide stress on fruit trees.
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971648)the China Scholarship Council(202108320301)the Czech Science Foundation(19-18545S).
文摘Ginkgo biloba is an economically valuable tree worldwide.The species has nearly become extinct during the Quaternary,which has likely resulted in reduction of its genetic variability.The genetic variability is now conserved in few natural populations in China and a number of cultivars that are,however,derived from a few ancient trees,helping the species survive in China through medieval times.Despite the recent interest in ginkgo,however,detailed knowledge of its genetic diversity,conserved in cultivated trees and cultivars,has remained poor.This limits efficient conservation of its diversity as well as efficient use of the existing germplasm resources.Here we performed genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)on 102 cultivated germplasms of ginkgo collected to explore their genetic structure,kinship,and inbreeding prediction.For the first time in ginkgo,a genome-wide association analysis study(GWAS)was used to attempt gene mapping of seed traits.The results showed that most of the germplasms did not show any obvious genetic relationship.The size of the ginkgo germplasm population expanded significantly around 1500 years ago during the Sui and Tang dynasties.Classification of seed cultivars based on a phylogenetic perspective does not support the current classification criteria based on phenotype.Twenty-four candidate genes were localized after performing GWAS on the seed traits.Overall,this study reveals the genetic basis of ginkgo seed traits and provides insights into its cultivation history.These findings will facilitate the conservation and utilization of the domesticated germplasms of this living fossil plant.
基金Supported by China Agricalture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-26)Citrus Germplasm Resources Nursery Construction Project in Sihui City of Guangdong Province(KJ-20230310-H010)。
文摘[Objectives]To protect the local rare citrus germplasm resources and further develop and cultivate new citrus varieties.[Methods]The germplasm resources of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.Ex Tseng Shiyueju)in Sihui City of Guangdong Province and other 8 citrus varieties from the same origin were evaluated.The appearance characteristics of tree shape,the length and thickness of shoot at each shoot stage,the appearance characteristics of leaves and the fruit quality of each variety were investigated.[Results]Through the comparison of various citrus varieties grafted with sour mandarin,the results showed that the overall advantages of the length and thickness of the shoots of Shatang tangerine in summer and autumn were more prominent,which was conducive to fruit setting.The sprouting time of the three shoots of each variety was different,and there were sporadic sprouting phenomena in different seasons,so the growth was different,and the length and thickness of the shoots were different in different seasons.There were significant differences in shoot length and diameter among different varieties in the same season.The coefficient of variation of Shatangju's leaves was low,and the traits were stable;leaf shape,leaf base shape,leaf margin and other indicators among the three shoots of the same variety and the differences among the same shoots of different varieties were compared.All varieties had strong flavor,separately sweet and sour,sweet and sweet taste.Shatangju has many segments,orange pericarp,rough texture,easy peeling,and high oblate fruit shape.The orange pericarp was favored by the participants,while the rough and thick peel was not favored by the participants.[Conclusions]Based on the improvement of local varieties,it is recommended to improve the smoothness of pericarp,reducing the thickness of pericarp and improving the flavor of fruit will be conducive to increasing sales.In the cultivation process of various quality resources,especially in the period of fruit growth and development,the plan of nutrition and fertilization should be formulated according to the rules of fruit growth and development,the rules of yield formation and the rules of quality composition,so as to establish the integrated nutrient management system of various varieties.
文摘It is undeniable that it is difficult for Chinese English learners to communicate competently in English with native English speakers. Compared with the grammar mistakes, the pragmalinguistic failures and sociopragmatic failures are subtle and have received less attention from Chinese English learners. Misunderstanding caused by cross-cultural pragmatic differences is the source of cross-cultural communication breakdown and therefore much more attention should be paid to our communication. The article concerns the failures occurred in cross-cultural communication to show the importance of cross-cultural awareness in the successful communication.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42462024,42304145,42121005 and 42130811)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.20242BAB25182,20242BAB27002)+1 种基金This study was also supported by the Opening Foundation of Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques,Ocean University of China(SGPT-20240F-01)This study used Geosoft and Oasis Montaj Software to analyze gravity data.Most figures were made using GMT(Wessel et al.,2019).
文摘The southeastern Tibetan Plateau(SETP)plays a pivotal role in accommodating the crustal deformation between the complex Tibet Plateau and the South China Block during the Cenozoic associated with the India-Asia Convergence.In this study,we establish a high-resolution 3-D lithospheric structure model of the SETP through joint inversion of observable multi-geophysical data,to understand its Cenozoic progressive deformation processes,deep seismotectonic environment,as well as regional geodynamic mechanism.We identify two low-density zones within the mid-lower crust that are separated by a pronounced high-density body beneath the inner zone of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province(ELIP).We also image an interconnected channel flow in the lower crust beneath the SETP.To further confirm the relationship between Cenozoic deformation propagation and deep lithospheric architecture,we adopt a holistic perspective from joint inversion of observable multi-geophysical data,coupled with integrated analysis on geometric-kinematic characteristics of major strike-slip fault zones and regional tectonics in the SETP.The results show that the mechanically weak mid-lower crust of the SETP is characterized by low effective elastic thickness(Te),high heat flow,low-density/velocity and low-viscosity,which might accommodate the ductile flow and provide an important channel for the lateral extrusion of crustal materials from the Tibetan Plateau,and ultimately contribute to the episodic lithospheric deformation of the SETP.We trace three main phases of deformation within the SETP during the Cenozoic:the Eocene-early Oligocene latitudinal crustal shortening and thickening,the late Oligocene-early Miocene clockwise rotation and lateral extrusion along major strike-slip faults,and the mid-late Miocene lower crustal flow accompanied with regional kinematic reversal.The lithospheric deformation,the invasion of fluids and the upwelling of deep molten materials are conducive to strain accumulation,which might also explain the occurrence of large earthquakes.Geodynamically,we consider that both the spatio-temporal variance of convergent rates,subduction angle,and processes of the India-Asia Convergence may be associated with episodic crustal deformation and intense seismicity in the SETP.The aqueous fluids in the weak mid-lower crust may have propagated outward due to the long-term gravitational driving forces and contributed to the lithospheric deformation and seismicity of the SETP.Furthermore,the retreat of the subducted Indian slab as well as the rollback and back-arc spreading of the western Pacific Plate also provided favorable conditions for the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau.
