Chemistry science popularization for lower grades(Grades 1-2)in primary schools is an important part of science enlightenment education.However,in practice,it generally faces practical dilemmas such as insufficient co...Chemistry science popularization for lower grades(Grades 1-2)in primary schools is an important part of science enlightenment education.However,in practice,it generally faces practical dilemmas such as insufficient content adaptability,a single implementation method,and a lack of coordination mechanisms.Based on Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory and the STSE(Science,Technology,Society,Environment)educational concept,this study constructed a four-in-one strategy system of“content development-teaching implementation-collaborative linkage-guarantee support”through literature analysis,action research,and empirical comparison.An empirical study was conducted in two primary schools for one academic year.The results show that this strategy system can increase students’interest in participating in chemistry science popularization by 42 percentage points,the compliance rate of observation ability reaches 85%,and the collaborative participation of families,schools,and society rises to 85%.The core strategies formed in the study,including“age-appropriate content screening,interactive teaching implementation,three-dimensional collaborative promotion,and full-process guarantee support,”provide a replicable practical model for the standardized and efficient development of chemistry science popularization for lower grades in primary schools.They also offer empirical references for fulfilling the requirement of“strengthening the pertinence and effectiveness of science popularization”in the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology(revised in 2024).展开更多
Proline accumulation has been shown to occur in plants in response to various environmental stresses.Although proline metabolismrelated genes have been functionally characterized,the inter-organ transport of proline i...Proline accumulation has been shown to occur in plants in response to various environmental stresses.Although proline metabolismrelated genes have been functionally characterized,the inter-organ transport of proline in stressed plants remains unclear.In this study,free proline was detected with significant accumulations in the roots,stems,and leaves of watermelon drought-tolerant germplasm M08 and drought-susceptible line Y34 under drought stress.Expression profiling and enzyme activity measurements revealed that ClP5CS1 gene,rather than its paralog ClP5CS2,mainly contributes to the proline synthesis in leaves via the Glu pathway.Additionally,over-expression of the ClP5CS genes significantly enhanced the drought tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis lines.Furthermore,we confirmed that proline is mainly synthesized in leaves and transported to roots in watermelon under drought stress.Transcriptome and expression analyses revealed that the genes involved in proline metabolism exhibited different expression levels.Specifically,ClP5CS1 was upregulated in leaves and roots,while ClP5CS2 was downregulated under drought stress.Also,415 and 362 differently expressed TFs were identified in roots and leaves,respectively,with the majority upregulated in the former.Ultimately,a model for proline metabolism was proposed.The findings of this study provided new insights into the biosynthesis,transport,and regulatory mechanism of drought-induced proline in plants.展开更多
SEL1L-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation(ERAD)plays critical roles in controlling protein homeostasis by degrading misfolded or terminal unfolded proteins.However,it remains unclear how SEL1L regula...SEL1L-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation(ERAD)plays critical roles in controlling protein homeostasis by degrading misfolded or terminal unfolded proteins.However,it remains unclear how SEL1L regulates peripheral T-cell survival and homeostasis.Herein,we found that SEL1L deficiency led to a greatly reduced frequency and number of mature T cells,which was further validated by adoptive transfer experiments or bone marrow chimera experiments,accompanied by the induction of multiple forms of cell death.Furthermore,SEL1L deficiency selectively disrupted naïve CD8+T-cell homeostasis,as indicated by the severe loss of the naïve T-cell subset but an increase in the memory T-cell subset.We also found that SEL1L deficiency fueled mTORC1/c-MYC activation and induced a metabolic shift,which was largely attributable to enhanced expression of the IL-15 receptorαandβchains.Mechanistically,single-cell transcriptomic profiling and biochemical analyses further revealed that Sel1l−/−CD8+T cells harbored excessive ER stress,particularly aberrant activation of the PERK-ATF4-CHOP-Bim pathway,which was alleviated by supplementing IL-7 or IL-15.Importantly,PERK inhibition greatly resolved the survival defects of Sel1l−/−CD8+T cells.In addition,IRE1αdeficiency decreased mTORC1 signaling in Sel1l−/−naïve CD8+T cells by downregulating the IL-15 receptorαchain.Altogether,these observations suggest that the ERAD adaptor molecule SEL1L acts as an important checkpoint for preserving the survival and homeostasis of peripheral T cells by regulating the PERK signaling cascade and IL-15 receptor-mediated mTORC1 axis.展开更多
基金Projects of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2020JQ-886,2022JM-075)Education Science Planning Project of Shaanxi Province during the“14th Five-Year Plan”Period(SGH22Y1392)+6 种基金Scientific Research Program of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(23JP146,23JP147)Science and Technology Program of Xi’an(No.22GXFW0112)Three-Year Action Plan Project of Xi’an University(21XJZZ0001-11)Basic Education Research Project of Xi’an in 2022(2022JYZX28)2022“Xi’an University-Xi’an Academy of Social Sciences”Strategic Cooperation Projects(22ZL10,22ZL11)Doctoral Start-up Fund of Xi’an University(06005017)Key Discipline of Analytical Chemistry in Shaanxi Province(09009001)。
文摘Chemistry science popularization for lower grades(Grades 1-2)in primary schools is an important part of science enlightenment education.However,in practice,it generally faces practical dilemmas such as insufficient content adaptability,a single implementation method,and a lack of coordination mechanisms.Based on Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory and the STSE(Science,Technology,Society,Environment)educational concept,this study constructed a four-in-one strategy system of“content development-teaching implementation-collaborative linkage-guarantee support”through literature analysis,action research,and empirical comparison.An empirical study was conducted in two primary schools for one academic year.The results show that this strategy system can increase students’interest in participating in chemistry science popularization by 42 percentage points,the compliance rate of observation ability reaches 85%,and the collaborative participation of families,schools,and society rises to 85%.The core strategies formed in the study,including“age-appropriate content screening,interactive teaching implementation,three-dimensional collaborative promotion,and full-process guarantee support,”provide a replicable practical model for the standardized and efficient development of chemistry science popularization for lower grades in primary schools.They also offer empirical references for fulfilling the requirement of“strengthening the pertinence and effectiveness of science popularization”in the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology(revised in 2024).
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31701939)National Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi province,China(Grant No.2019JQ-324)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD0100704)the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China(Grant No.CARS-25).
文摘Proline accumulation has been shown to occur in plants in response to various environmental stresses.Although proline metabolismrelated genes have been functionally characterized,the inter-organ transport of proline in stressed plants remains unclear.In this study,free proline was detected with significant accumulations in the roots,stems,and leaves of watermelon drought-tolerant germplasm M08 and drought-susceptible line Y34 under drought stress.Expression profiling and enzyme activity measurements revealed that ClP5CS1 gene,rather than its paralog ClP5CS2,mainly contributes to the proline synthesis in leaves via the Glu pathway.Additionally,over-expression of the ClP5CS genes significantly enhanced the drought tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis lines.Furthermore,we confirmed that proline is mainly synthesized in leaves and transported to roots in watermelon under drought stress.Transcriptome and expression analyses revealed that the genes involved in proline metabolism exhibited different expression levels.Specifically,ClP5CS1 was upregulated in leaves and roots,while ClP5CS2 was downregulated under drought stress.Also,415 and 362 differently expressed TFs were identified in roots and leaves,respectively,with the majority upregulated in the former.Ultimately,a model for proline metabolism was proposed.The findings of this study provided new insights into the biosynthesis,transport,and regulatory mechanism of drought-induced proline in plants.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA0807300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82271775 and 81971466)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation Outstanding Youth Fund of Jiangsu Province(BK20220049)and the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS 2021-I2M-1-061,2021-I2M-1-047 and 2022-I2M-2-004).BZ was in part supported by the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi 2021TD-38.JZ was in part supported by a Translational Research Grant of NCRCH(2020ZKZC04)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071765)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31900645).We thank Prof.Yonghong Wan from McMaster University,Canada,for his critical reading of the manuscript and helpful discussions.
文摘SEL1L-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation(ERAD)plays critical roles in controlling protein homeostasis by degrading misfolded or terminal unfolded proteins.However,it remains unclear how SEL1L regulates peripheral T-cell survival and homeostasis.Herein,we found that SEL1L deficiency led to a greatly reduced frequency and number of mature T cells,which was further validated by adoptive transfer experiments or bone marrow chimera experiments,accompanied by the induction of multiple forms of cell death.Furthermore,SEL1L deficiency selectively disrupted naïve CD8+T-cell homeostasis,as indicated by the severe loss of the naïve T-cell subset but an increase in the memory T-cell subset.We also found that SEL1L deficiency fueled mTORC1/c-MYC activation and induced a metabolic shift,which was largely attributable to enhanced expression of the IL-15 receptorαandβchains.Mechanistically,single-cell transcriptomic profiling and biochemical analyses further revealed that Sel1l−/−CD8+T cells harbored excessive ER stress,particularly aberrant activation of the PERK-ATF4-CHOP-Bim pathway,which was alleviated by supplementing IL-7 or IL-15.Importantly,PERK inhibition greatly resolved the survival defects of Sel1l−/−CD8+T cells.In addition,IRE1αdeficiency decreased mTORC1 signaling in Sel1l−/−naïve CD8+T cells by downregulating the IL-15 receptorαchain.Altogether,these observations suggest that the ERAD adaptor molecule SEL1L acts as an important checkpoint for preserving the survival and homeostasis of peripheral T cells by regulating the PERK signaling cascade and IL-15 receptor-mediated mTORC1 axis.
