Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is a common urological condition in aging men.High levels of androgens,including testosterone(T)and dihydrotestosterone(DHT),are closely associated with BPH occurrence and development....Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is a common urological condition in aging men.High levels of androgens,including testosterone(T)and dihydrotestosterone(DHT),are closely associated with BPH occurrence and development.Currently,the main clinical drugs used for BPH treatment are 5α-reductase inhibitors andα-receptor blockers,both of which aim to decrease abnormal androgenic signaling while having several unignored side effects.Recently,various natural herbs,such as tonifying yang traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),have been found to have androgenic activities,some of which are also effective for BPH treatment.Here,we review the androgenic activities of phytoandrogens,together with their therapeutic effects in BPH,and summarize the mechanisms involved,providing evidence that such herbs serve as selective androgen receptor modulators.展开更多
Remanufacturing is regarded as a sustainable manufacturing paradigm of energy conservation and environment protection.To improve the efficiency of the remanufacturing process,this work investigates an integrated sched...Remanufacturing is regarded as a sustainable manufacturing paradigm of energy conservation and environment protection.To improve the efficiency of the remanufacturing process,this work investigates an integrated scheduling problem for disassembly and reprocessing in a remanufacturing process,where product structures and uncertainty are taken into account.First,a stochastic programming model is developed to minimize the maximum completion time(makespan).Second,a Q-learning based hybrid meta-heuristic(Q-HMH)is specially devised.In each iteration,a Q-learning method is employed to adaptively choose a premium algorithm from four candidate ones,including genetic algorithm(GA),artificial bee colony(ABC),shuffled frog-leaping algorithm(SFLA),and simulated annealing(SA)methods.At last,simulation experiments are carried out by using sixteen instances with different scales,and three state-of-the-art algorithms in literature and an exact solver CPLEX are chosen for comparisons.By analyzing the results with the average relative percentage deviation(RPD)metric,we find that Q-HMH outperforms its rivals by 9.79%-26.76%.The results and comparisons verify the excellent competitiveness of Q-HMH for solving the concerned problems.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82074105)National Key Research and Development Project of China(2021YFC1712904)Science and Technology Program of Tianjin(22ZXGBSY00020,21ZYJDJC00070).
文摘Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is a common urological condition in aging men.High levels of androgens,including testosterone(T)and dihydrotestosterone(DHT),are closely associated with BPH occurrence and development.Currently,the main clinical drugs used for BPH treatment are 5α-reductase inhibitors andα-receptor blockers,both of which aim to decrease abnormal androgenic signaling while having several unignored side effects.Recently,various natural herbs,such as tonifying yang traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),have been found to have androgenic activities,some of which are also effective for BPH treatment.Here,we review the androgenic activities of phytoandrogens,together with their therapeutic effects in BPH,and summarize the mechanisms involved,providing evidence that such herbs serve as selective androgen receptor modulators.
基金This work was in part supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT),Macao SAR,(No.0019/2021/A)Shandong Province Outstanding Youth Innovation Team Project of Colleges and Universities(No.2020RWG011),National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62173356 and 61703320)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR202111110025)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515011531)Zhuhai Industry-University-Research Project with Hongkong and Macao(No.ZH22017002210014PWC).
文摘Remanufacturing is regarded as a sustainable manufacturing paradigm of energy conservation and environment protection.To improve the efficiency of the remanufacturing process,this work investigates an integrated scheduling problem for disassembly and reprocessing in a remanufacturing process,where product structures and uncertainty are taken into account.First,a stochastic programming model is developed to minimize the maximum completion time(makespan).Second,a Q-learning based hybrid meta-heuristic(Q-HMH)is specially devised.In each iteration,a Q-learning method is employed to adaptively choose a premium algorithm from four candidate ones,including genetic algorithm(GA),artificial bee colony(ABC),shuffled frog-leaping algorithm(SFLA),and simulated annealing(SA)methods.At last,simulation experiments are carried out by using sixteen instances with different scales,and three state-of-the-art algorithms in literature and an exact solver CPLEX are chosen for comparisons.By analyzing the results with the average relative percentage deviation(RPD)metric,we find that Q-HMH outperforms its rivals by 9.79%-26.76%.The results and comparisons verify the excellent competitiveness of Q-HMH for solving the concerned problems.
