Pyrethroids are a class of novel broad-spectrum pesticides synthesized to mimic natural pyrethrins.Due to their high efficiency,low toxicity,and safety,pyrethroids have been widely used as alternatives to organophosph...Pyrethroids are a class of novel broad-spectrum pesticides synthesized to mimic natural pyrethrins.Due to their high efficiency,low toxicity,and safety,pyrethroids have been widely used as alternatives to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in the control of agricultural and sanitary pests.However,with the increasing use of pyrethroid pesticides,the resulting pesticide residues have posed threats to both the environment and human health.Biodegradation is considered one of the most promising methods for the removal of pyrethroids,and significant research has been conducted in this area.This review summarizes recent advances in the biodegradation of pyrethroids,including degradation by single strains,microbial consortia,and enzymes.It provides an in-depth analysis of the biodegradation pathways and catalytic mechanisms involved in the degradation of pyrethroids and outlines enhancement strategies for improving the activity of pyrethroid-degrading enzymes.The review also identifies current challenges in pyrethroid biodegradation and offers perspectives for future research.This review serves as a valuable reference for subsequent studies on pyrethroid biodegradation.展开更多
Purely organic scintillators typically suffer from limited X-ray absorption due to the absence of high atomic number elements,which significantly restricts their radioluminescence(RL)performance and makes dynamic X-ra...Purely organic scintillators typically suffer from limited X-ray absorption due to the absence of high atomic number elements,which significantly restricts their radioluminescence(RL)performance and makes dynamic X-ray imaging challenging.To overcome this limitation,halogen atoms were introduced into maleimide-based fluorescent molecules,resulting in a new type of purely organic glassy scintillator with enhanced X-ray absorption and excellent film-forming properties.Compared with the non-halogenated 1-butyl-3,4-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione(PAM),the brominated derivative 3,4-bis(4-bromophenyl)-1-butyl-1 Hpyrrole-2,5-dione(PAM-4 Br)exhibits strengthened supramolecular interactions that facilitate the formation of a uniform amorphous glass with high optical transparency(>92%at 550-800 nm).Moreover,PAM-4 Br glass demonstrates significantly improved scintillation efficiency through the heavy atom effect of bromine,achieving an RL intensity 110%that of Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12),an ultrafast response time of 6 ns and a low detection limit of 120 nGy s^(-1).The resulting hightransparency glassy scintillator screen not only achieves a modulation transfer function(MTF)of 0.28 at 30.0 lp mm^(-1)under static X-ray imaging,but also successfully enables real-time high-definition dynamic X-ray imaging.It provides a molecular design strategy for high-performance organic glassy scintillators,opening new avenues for advanced X-ray imaging.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42207148)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Quanzhou,China(Nos.2025QZNS002 and 2022N030)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2022J01573)the Educational Research Project for Young and Middle-Aged Teachers in Fujian Province,China(No.JAT210042)the Open Project Fund of Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources of China(Nos.HY202201 and HY202202)。
文摘Pyrethroids are a class of novel broad-spectrum pesticides synthesized to mimic natural pyrethrins.Due to their high efficiency,low toxicity,and safety,pyrethroids have been widely used as alternatives to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in the control of agricultural and sanitary pests.However,with the increasing use of pyrethroid pesticides,the resulting pesticide residues have posed threats to both the environment and human health.Biodegradation is considered one of the most promising methods for the removal of pyrethroids,and significant research has been conducted in this area.This review summarizes recent advances in the biodegradation of pyrethroids,including degradation by single strains,microbial consortia,and enzymes.It provides an in-depth analysis of the biodegradation pathways and catalytic mechanisms involved in the degradation of pyrethroids and outlines enhancement strategies for improving the activity of pyrethroid-degrading enzymes.The review also identifies current challenges in pyrethroid biodegradation and offers perspectives for future research.This review serves as a valuable reference for subsequent studies on pyrethroid biodegradation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22371047,22201042,52303222)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2024J01156,2023J01403,2022J05118)+1 种基金the Collaborative Innovation Platform Project of Fu-Xia-Quan National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone(2022-P-021)the Fujian Province Science and Technology(2023L3071)。
文摘Purely organic scintillators typically suffer from limited X-ray absorption due to the absence of high atomic number elements,which significantly restricts their radioluminescence(RL)performance and makes dynamic X-ray imaging challenging.To overcome this limitation,halogen atoms were introduced into maleimide-based fluorescent molecules,resulting in a new type of purely organic glassy scintillator with enhanced X-ray absorption and excellent film-forming properties.Compared with the non-halogenated 1-butyl-3,4-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione(PAM),the brominated derivative 3,4-bis(4-bromophenyl)-1-butyl-1 Hpyrrole-2,5-dione(PAM-4 Br)exhibits strengthened supramolecular interactions that facilitate the formation of a uniform amorphous glass with high optical transparency(>92%at 550-800 nm).Moreover,PAM-4 Br glass demonstrates significantly improved scintillation efficiency through the heavy atom effect of bromine,achieving an RL intensity 110%that of Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12),an ultrafast response time of 6 ns and a low detection limit of 120 nGy s^(-1).The resulting hightransparency glassy scintillator screen not only achieves a modulation transfer function(MTF)of 0.28 at 30.0 lp mm^(-1)under static X-ray imaging,but also successfully enables real-time high-definition dynamic X-ray imaging.It provides a molecular design strategy for high-performance organic glassy scintillators,opening new avenues for advanced X-ray imaging.
