Ectromelia virus(ECTV),a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus,serves as both a causative agent of mousepox and a pivotal surrogate model for studying highly pathogenic orthopoxviruses.Although genomic data on ECTV remain...Ectromelia virus(ECTV),a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus,serves as both a causative agent of mousepox and a pivotal surrogate model for studying highly pathogenic orthopoxviruses.Although genomic data on ECTV remains limited,we report the isolation and characterization of a novel strain,ECTV-C-Tan-GD01,obtained from rodents in Guangdong Province,China.Nanopore sequencing yielded a complete genome(199 annotated genes,including one gene truncated at the C-terminus)with inverted terminal repeats(ITRs)harboring a conserved hairpin structure.Notably,a frameshift-inducing“G”deletion in the EV159 gene resulted in the truncation of a semaphorin-like protein.In vitro assays demonstrated cell-associated viral replication kinetics,with maximum titers achieved earlier in Vero/HeLa cells(72 h)than in BHK-21/CEF cells(84 h).Murine challenge experiments revealed extreme virulence(LD50<1 plaque-forming unit(PFU)via intranasal/footpad routes)and hepatosplenic tropism.Furthermore,ECTV-C-Tan-GD01 exhibited utility in evaluating orthopoxvirus countermeasures:a single dose of vaccinia virus Tiantan(VTT)or non-replicating vaccinia virus Tiantan(NTV)conferred cross-protection,while tecovirimat(ST-246),cidofovir(CDV),and brincidofovir(initially CMX001)significantly reduced viral loads and pathology.This study establishes ECTV-C-Tan-GD01 as a dual-purpose resource for probing orthopoxvirus evolution and advancing therapeutic development.展开更多
Total saponins of Panax notoginseng （PNS） have been shown to ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis. Ginsenoside Rg 1, a panaxatriol saponin, is one of the major active molecules from PNS. The present study was unde...Total saponins of Panax notoginseng （PNS） have been shown to ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis. Ginsenoside Rg 1, a panaxatriol saponin, is one of the major active molecules from PNS. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rgl on renal fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction （UUO）. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups： sham-operation （n=15）, UUO （n=15） and UUO with ginsenoside Rgl treatment （n=15, 50 mg per kg body weight, intraperitoneally （i.p.） injected）. The rats were sacrificed on Days 7 and 14 after the surgery. Histological examination demonstrated that ginsenoside Rgl significantly inhibited interstitial fibrosis including tubular injury as well as collagen deposition, u-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） and E-cadherin are two markers of tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transition （TEMT）. Interestingly, ginsenoside Rgl notably decreased α-SMA expression and simultaneously enhanced E-cadherin expression. The messenger RNA （mRNA） of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, a key mediator to regulate TEMT, in the obstructed kidney increased dramatically, but was found to decrease significantly after administration of ginsenoside Rg 1. Further study showed that ginsenoside Rgl considerably decreased the levels of both active TGF-β1 and phosphorylated Smad2 （pSmad2）. Moreover, ginsenoside Rgl substantially suppressed the expression of thrombospondin-1 （TSP-1）, a cytokine which can promote the transcription of TGF-β1 mRNA and the activation of latent TGF-β1. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rgl inhibits renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with UUO. The mechanism might be partly related to the blocking of TEMT via suppressing the expression of TSP-1.展开更多
Astragalus mongholicus(AM)derived from the dry root ofAstragalus membranaceus Bge.var.mongolicus(Bge.)Hsiao is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine.The present study investigated the potential role of AM on rena...Astragalus mongholicus(AM)derived from the dry root ofAstragalus membranaceus Bge.var.mongolicus(Bge.)Hsiao is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine.The present study investigated the potential role of AM on renal fibrosis on a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO).We divided 48 Sprague-Dawley rats randomly into 4 groups:sham-operated group(Sham),untreated UUO group,AM-treated(10 g/(kg.d))UUO group,and losartan-treated(20 mg/(kg.d))UUO group as positive control.Haematoxylin&eosin(HE)and Masson staining were used to study the dynamic histological changes of the kidneys 7 and 14 d after operation.The expressions of fibronectin(FN),type I collagen(coil),hepatocyte growth factor(HGF),transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),and eL-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR),immunohistochemistry staining,and Western blot.Results show that,similar to losartan,AM alleviated the renal damage and decreased the deposition of FN and coil from UUO by reducing the expressions of TGF-β1 andα-SMA(P〈0.05),whereas HGF increased greatly with AM treatment(P〈0.05).Our findings reveal that AM could retard the progression of renal fibrosis.The renoprotective effect of AM might be related to inhibition ofmyofibroblast activation,inducing of HGF and reducing of TGF-β1 expression.展开更多
BACKGROUND The life-threatening complications following pancreatoduodenectomy(PD),intraabdominal hemorrhage,and postoperative infection,are associated with leaks from the anastomosis of pancreaticoduodenectomy.Althoug...BACKGROUND The life-threatening complications following pancreatoduodenectomy(PD),intraabdominal hemorrhage,and postoperative infection,are associated with leaks from the anastomosis of pancreaticoduodenectomy.Although several methods have attempted to reduce the postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)rate after PD,few have been considered effective.The safety and short-term clinical benefits of omental interposition remain controversial.AIM To investigate the safety and feasibility of omental interposition to reduce the POPF rate and related complications in pancreaticoduodenectomy.METHODS In total,196 consecutive patients underwent PD performed by the same surgical team.The patients were divided into two groups:An omental interposition group(127,64.8%)and a non-omental interposition group(69,35.2%).Propensity scorematched(PSM)analyses were performed to compare the severe complication rates and mortality between the two groups.RESULTS Following PSM,the clinically relevant POPF(CR-POPF,10.1%vs 24.6%;P=0.025)and delayed postpancreatectomy hemorrhage(1.4%vs 11.6%;P=0.016)rates were significantly lower in the omental interposition group.The omental interposition technique was associated with a shorter time to resume food intake(7 d vs 8 d;P=0.048)and shorter hospitalization period(16 d vs 21 d;P=0.031).Multivariate analyses showed that a high body mass index,nonapplication of omental interposition,and a main pancreatic duct diameter<3 mm were independent risk factors for CR-POPF.CONCLUSION The application of omental interposition is an effective and safe approach to reduce the CR-POPF rate and related complications after PD.展开更多
Zika virus(ZIKV) causes rash, moderate fever, conjunctivitis, and arthralgia, and has serious connection with neurological complications;therefore, it is a major threat to public health. A rapid and supersensitive met...Zika virus(ZIKV) causes rash, moderate fever, conjunctivitis, and arthralgia, and has serious connection with neurological complications;therefore, it is a major threat to public health. A rapid and supersensitive method for detecting anti-ZIKV antibodies in humans and animals is thus urgently required. Here, we report an NS1-based luciferase immunosorbent assay(LISA), developed to detect ZIKV-specific IgG. Fusion proteins including a reporter Nano-luciferase(NLuc) and various fragments of ZIKV NS1 protein were expressed in 293 T cells. LISA was performed using the above cell lysates containing the expressed fusion proteins. Sample panels of humans and animals infected with ZIKV were examined for sensitivity of LISA, relative to those of ZIKV RT-PCR, commercial NS1-based ELISA, and micro-neutralization(MN) assays.Specificity and potential cross-reactivity were also evaluated using various convalescent serum samples derived from patients infected with dengue virus(DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV), and hepatitis C virus(HCV). Results indicated the optimal antigenic domain for anti-ZIKV IgG detection was located within 172–352 amino acids(aa) of ZIKV NS1 protein. NS1-based LISA performs better than commercial ELISA in anti-ZIKV Ig G detection. LISA was shown to be at least fourfold more sensitive than commercial ELISA, and could detect anti-ZIKV Ig G in various animal hosts without the need of species-specific labeled antibody. This novel assay is potentially useful for the rapid and sensitive detection of anti-ZIKV IgG in human and animal samples.展开更多
Background:Although sustainable control since 1950s has achieved great successes,schistosomiasis japonica remains a major public health problem in China.Since 2004,a new integrated strategy was developed aiming to con...Background:Although sustainable control since 1950s has achieved great successes,schistosomiasis japonica remains a major public health problem in China.Since 2004,a new integrated strategy was developed aiming to control the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum through the implementation of a package of interventions.To date,no systematic review or meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness of this new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis control in China has been published.We performed a PubMed-based bibliometric assessment of publications on the new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis japonica control in China,to understand the global transmissibility and sharing of the new integrated strategy.Methods:An in-depth bibliometric analysis of all publications on the new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis japonica control in China was performed through a PubMed search using the terms 'schistosomiasis' and 'China,'from January 1,2004 to August 31,2018.All titles and abstracts were read carefully,and the publications reporting the effectiveness,experiences,lessons,or problems of the new integrated strategy were included in the bibliometric analysis.Results:Overall,2,361 titles were screened,and 70 eligible publications were accessed for analyses,including 23 studies in English,published in 15 international journals,and 47 studies in Chinese with abstracts in English,published in 3 national journals.Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control (Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi) published 60% of the research output,Research articles (48.6%) and short reports (37.1%) were the dominant manuscript types.Furthermore,471 contributing authors from 277 affiliations across 9 countries produced these 70 publications.Conclusion:This is the first PubMed-based quantitative analysis of the research output of the new integrated strategy,and our data indicate a low global transmissibility of Chinese new integrated strategy.We therefore call for more research outputs of the new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis japonica control in China to be communicated through international platforms.展开更多
The mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade is important in stress signal transduction and plant development.In the present study,we identified a rice(Oryza sativa L.)mutant with reduced fertility,Oryza sativa m...The mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade is important in stress signal transduction and plant development.In the present study,we identified a rice(Oryza sativa L.)mutant with reduced fertility,Oryza sativa mitogen-activated protein kinase 6(osmapk6),which harbored a mutated MAPK gene.Scanning and transmission electron microscopy,quantitative RT-PCR analysis,TUNEL assays,RNA in situ hybridization,longitudinal and transverse histological sectioning,and map-based cloning were performed to characterize the osmapk6 mutant.The gene OsMAPK6 was expressed throughout the plant but predominantly in the microspore mother cells,tapetal cells,and microspores in the anther sac.Compared with the wild type,the total number of microspores was reduced in the osmapk6 mutant.The formation of microspore mother cells was reduced in the osmapk6 anther sac at an early stage of anther development,which was the primary reason for the decrease in the total number of microspores.Programmed cell death of some tapetal cells was delayed in osmapk6 anthers and affected exine formation in neighboring microspores.These results suggest that OsMAPK6 plays pivotal roles in microspore mother cell formation and tapetal cell degradation.展开更多
Dear Editor,A novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)first broke out in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China,in 2019.More than 50 million cases of COVID-19 have been co...Dear Editor,A novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)first broke out in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China,in 2019.More than 50 million cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed globally with 1,280,868 deaths reported as of November12,2020(https://covid19.who.int/).展开更多
One new species of the genus Macromotettixoides Zheng,Wei&Jiang,2005 is described and illustrated with photographs.Macromotettixoides rugodorsalis Li&Mao sp.nov.is similar to M jiuwanshanensis Zheng,Wei&Ji...One new species of the genus Macromotettixoides Zheng,Wei&Jiang,2005 is described and illustrated with photographs.Macromotettixoides rugodorsalis Li&Mao sp.nov.is similar to M jiuwanshanensis Zheng,Wei&Jiang,2005 and M.wuyishana Zheng,2013,but differs from the latter two in:(1)anterior margin of vertex straight in dorsal view;(2)disc of pronotum densely covered with granules and tubercula,and hind process of pronotum with irregular wrinkled ridge;(3)lateral keels of prozona parallel,without humeral angle;and (4)lower margins of fore and middle femora with 2 large teeth each in base and middle.展开更多
Dear Editor, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV),first isolated in 2012,has emerged zoonotically among humans (van Boheemen et al.2012).Since then, MERS-CoV continues to be a public health concern,w...Dear Editor, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV),first isolated in 2012,has emerged zoonotically among humans (van Boheemen et al.2012).Since then, MERS-CoV continues to be a public health concern,with a fatality rate of 35%.On-going MERS-CoV outbreaks highlight the urgent need for the development of interventional measures,including an effective vaccine against MERS-CoV infection.Currently,no licensed therapeutic or vaccine is available (Okba et al.2017).展开更多
One new species,Tetrix cangshanensis sp.nov.,is described and illustrated with photographs.Tetrix cangshanensis sp.nov.is similar to T.parabipunctata Zheng&Ou,2004 and T.bipunctata(Linnaeus,1758),but differs from ...One new species,Tetrix cangshanensis sp.nov.,is described and illustrated with photographs.Tetrix cangshanensis sp.nov.is similar to T.parabipunctata Zheng&Ou,2004 and T.bipunctata(Linnaeus,1758),but differs from the latter two by the straight facial carinae before superior ocelli in lateral view,by higher position of antennae insert,and by straight anterior margin of pronotum;from T.parabipunctata by short hind wing;and from T.bipunctata by narrow longitudinal furrow of facial carinae between antennae,by prozonal carinae constricted retrad,and by undulated lower margin of middle femur.展开更多
In 2022,a global outbreak of mpox was anticipated,with several cases reported in non-endemic countries in early May.Given the challenge of distinguishing the mpox virus(MPXV)from other pathogens based solely on sympto...In 2022,a global outbreak of mpox was anticipated,with several cases reported in non-endemic countries in early May.Given the challenge of distinguishing the mpox virus(MPXV)from other pathogens based solely on symptoms,there is an urgent need for prompt and reliable MPXV detection methods.In this study,we developed assays using recombinase-aided amplification(RAA)to identify MPXV and evaluated their applicability with clinical samples.The assays were designed to detect theN4R gene of MPXV.All assays demonstrated detection limits of 1 copy/μL within the reaction system and exhibited no cross-reactivity with ectromelia or the TianTan strain of vaccinia virus,confirming their high specificity.Our established assay provides results in less than 50 min.Furthermore,we evaluated our assay using clinical samples from laboratory-confirmed mpox patients and demonstrated that the RAA-based assay is valuable for diagnosing MPXV infections in field and clinic settings,especially in areas with limited laboratory resources.Overall,three RAA-based nucleic acid assays for MPXV were established,providing a powerful tool for efficient,rapid,and specific detection of MPXV infection.展开更多
The newly emerged Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)is a highly pathogenic respira-tory virus with pathogenic mechanisms that may be driven by innate immune pathways.The goal of this study is to ch...The newly emerged Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)is a highly pathogenic respira-tory virus with pathogenic mechanisms that may be driven by innate immune pathways.The goal of this study is to characterize the expression of the structural(S,E,M,N)and accessory(ORF 3,ORF 4a,ORF 4b,ORF 5)proteins of MERS-CoV and to determine whether any of these pro-teins acts as an interferon antagonist.Individual structural and accessory protein-coding plasmids with an N-terminal HA tag were constructed and transiently transfected into cells,and their native expression and subcellular localiza-tion were assessed using Wes tern blotting and indirect immunofl uorescence.While ORF 4b demonstrated majorly nuclear localization,all of the other proteins demonstrated cytoplasmic localization.In addition,for the fi rst time,our experiments revealed that the M,ORF 4a,ORF 4b,and ORF 5 proteins are potent interferon antagonists.Further exami-nation revealed that the ORF 4a protein of MERS-CoV has the most potential to counteract the antiviral effects of IFN via the inhibition of both the interferon production(IFN-βpromoter activity,IRF-3/7 and NF-κB activation)and ISRE promoter element signaling pathways.Together,our re-sults provide new insights into the function and pathogenic role of the structural and accessory proteins of MERS-CoV.展开更多
Dear Editor,Since September 2012, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases have been reported in more than 27 countries, and more than 2,000 cases have been confirmed in the laboratory (http:/...Dear Editor,Since September 2012, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases have been reported in more than 27 countries, and more than 2,000 cases have been confirmed in the laboratory (http://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/). MERS-CoV causes an acute and severe respiratory illness with a high mortality rate(~35%) in humans (Shi et al., 2017, Zaki et al., 2012).Neutralizing antibodies targeting the spike of MERS-CoV have been shown to be a therapeutic option for treatment of lethal disease (Agrawal et al., 2016, Ying et al., 2014).展开更多
Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus(MPXV),and historically,all outbreaks have been linked to Africa;however,monkeypox has been posing an alarming challenge to the world in 2022(1)as app...Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus(MPXV),and historically,all outbreaks have been linked to Africa;however,monkeypox has been posing an alarming challenge to the world in 2022(1)as approximately 60,000 cases have been reported in more than 100 nations and regions worldwide(2).Currently,many cases of monkeypox were identified in many nonendemic countries outside of Central and West Africa,and human-to-human transmission has occurred frequently,especially among men who have sex with men(MSM)presenting new clinical symptoms similar to syphilis and other sexually transmitted infections(3).展开更多
An ongoing multi-country outbreak of monkeypox was reported in May 2022 with several deaths,affecting 107 countries of all six World Health Organization(WHO)regions.The WHO has declared the current monkeypox outbreak ...An ongoing multi-country outbreak of monkeypox was reported in May 2022 with several deaths,affecting 107 countries of all six World Health Organization(WHO)regions.The WHO has declared the current monkeypox outbreak to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.It is,thus,necessary to rapidly and accurately detect and distinguish different monkeypox virus(MPXV)clades.We designed primers and probes based on the alignment of 138 complete genomes of poxviruses.In Panel 1,we mixed one pair of primers and three probes to detect and differentiate the MPXV Western Africa(IIa,IIb clade)and Congo Basin(I clade)and other orthopoxviruses.In Panel 2,we mixed one pair of primers and two probes to detect the 2022 MPXV(B.1 lineage and its descendant lineages).In addition,we tested the specificity and sensitivity of the assay using real-time PCR.In Panel 1,the assay reproducibly identified various concentrations of two plasmids of the monkeypox virus,whereas other orthopoxviruses did not cross-react.In Panel 2,the probe annealed well to MPXV B.1 and showed the expected linearity.These two multiple real-time assays are inclusive and highly specific for identifying different clades of MPXV.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(7254390)the Youth Science Foundation of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(2024A103)to W.C.C,the National Key ResearchDevelopment Program of China(2022YFC2304100,2023YFD1800405).
文摘Ectromelia virus(ECTV),a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus,serves as both a causative agent of mousepox and a pivotal surrogate model for studying highly pathogenic orthopoxviruses.Although genomic data on ECTV remains limited,we report the isolation and characterization of a novel strain,ECTV-C-Tan-GD01,obtained from rodents in Guangdong Province,China.Nanopore sequencing yielded a complete genome(199 annotated genes,including one gene truncated at the C-terminus)with inverted terminal repeats(ITRs)harboring a conserved hairpin structure.Notably,a frameshift-inducing“G”deletion in the EV159 gene resulted in the truncation of a semaphorin-like protein.In vitro assays demonstrated cell-associated viral replication kinetics,with maximum titers achieved earlier in Vero/HeLa cells(72 h)than in BHK-21/CEF cells(84 h).Murine challenge experiments revealed extreme virulence(LD50<1 plaque-forming unit(PFU)via intranasal/footpad routes)and hepatosplenic tropism.Furthermore,ECTV-C-Tan-GD01 exhibited utility in evaluating orthopoxvirus countermeasures:a single dose of vaccinia virus Tiantan(VTT)or non-replicating vaccinia virus Tiantan(NTV)conferred cross-protection,while tecovirimat(ST-246),cidofovir(CDV),and brincidofovir(initially CMX001)significantly reduced viral loads and pathology.This study establishes ECTV-C-Tan-GD01 as a dual-purpose resource for probing orthopoxvirus evolution and advancing therapeutic development.
基金Project (No. 30170437) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Total saponins of Panax notoginseng （PNS） have been shown to ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis. Ginsenoside Rg 1, a panaxatriol saponin, is one of the major active molecules from PNS. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rgl on renal fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction （UUO）. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups： sham-operation （n=15）, UUO （n=15） and UUO with ginsenoside Rgl treatment （n=15, 50 mg per kg body weight, intraperitoneally （i.p.） injected）. The rats were sacrificed on Days 7 and 14 after the surgery. Histological examination demonstrated that ginsenoside Rgl significantly inhibited interstitial fibrosis including tubular injury as well as collagen deposition, u-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） and E-cadherin are two markers of tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transition （TEMT）. Interestingly, ginsenoside Rgl notably decreased α-SMA expression and simultaneously enhanced E-cadherin expression. The messenger RNA （mRNA） of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, a key mediator to regulate TEMT, in the obstructed kidney increased dramatically, but was found to decrease significantly after administration of ginsenoside Rg 1. Further study showed that ginsenoside Rgl considerably decreased the levels of both active TGF-β1 and phosphorylated Smad2 （pSmad2）. Moreover, ginsenoside Rgl substantially suppressed the expression of thrombospondin-1 （TSP-1）, a cytokine which can promote the transcription of TGF-β1 mRNA and the activation of latent TGF-β1. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rgl inhibits renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with UUO. The mechanism might be partly related to the blocking of TEMT via suppressing the expression of TSP-1.
基金Projec(No.30170437)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Astragalus mongholicus(AM)derived from the dry root ofAstragalus membranaceus Bge.var.mongolicus(Bge.)Hsiao is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine.The present study investigated the potential role of AM on renal fibrosis on a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO).We divided 48 Sprague-Dawley rats randomly into 4 groups:sham-operated group(Sham),untreated UUO group,AM-treated(10 g/(kg.d))UUO group,and losartan-treated(20 mg/(kg.d))UUO group as positive control.Haematoxylin&eosin(HE)and Masson staining were used to study the dynamic histological changes of the kidneys 7 and 14 d after operation.The expressions of fibronectin(FN),type I collagen(coil),hepatocyte growth factor(HGF),transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),and eL-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR),immunohistochemistry staining,and Western blot.Results show that,similar to losartan,AM alleviated the renal damage and decreased the deposition of FN and coil from UUO by reducing the expressions of TGF-β1 andα-SMA(P〈0.05),whereas HGF increased greatly with AM treatment(P〈0.05).Our findings reveal that AM could retard the progression of renal fibrosis.The renoprotective effect of AM might be related to inhibition ofmyofibroblast activation,inducing of HGF and reducing of TGF-β1 expression.
基金Supported by the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,No.20Y11908600the Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center,No.SHDC2020CR5008Shanghai Municipal Health Commission,No.20194Y0195。
文摘BACKGROUND The life-threatening complications following pancreatoduodenectomy(PD),intraabdominal hemorrhage,and postoperative infection,are associated with leaks from the anastomosis of pancreaticoduodenectomy.Although several methods have attempted to reduce the postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)rate after PD,few have been considered effective.The safety and short-term clinical benefits of omental interposition remain controversial.AIM To investigate the safety and feasibility of omental interposition to reduce the POPF rate and related complications in pancreaticoduodenectomy.METHODS In total,196 consecutive patients underwent PD performed by the same surgical team.The patients were divided into two groups:An omental interposition group(127,64.8%)and a non-omental interposition group(69,35.2%).Propensity scorematched(PSM)analyses were performed to compare the severe complication rates and mortality between the two groups.RESULTS Following PSM,the clinically relevant POPF(CR-POPF,10.1%vs 24.6%;P=0.025)and delayed postpancreatectomy hemorrhage(1.4%vs 11.6%;P=0.016)rates were significantly lower in the omental interposition group.The omental interposition technique was associated with a shorter time to resume food intake(7 d vs 8 d;P=0.048)and shorter hospitalization period(16 d vs 21 d;P=0.031).Multivariate analyses showed that a high body mass index,nonapplication of omental interposition,and a main pancreatic duct diameter<3 mm were independent risk factors for CR-POPF.CONCLUSION The application of omental interposition is an effective and safe approach to reduce the CR-POPF rate and related complications after PD.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500301)the National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China(2018ZX10101002 and 2017YFC1200503)+1 种基金the Bureau of Science and Information Technology of Guangzhou Municipality,China(201604020011,201704020219)National Key R&D Program of China(2018ZX10732401).
文摘Zika virus(ZIKV) causes rash, moderate fever, conjunctivitis, and arthralgia, and has serious connection with neurological complications;therefore, it is a major threat to public health. A rapid and supersensitive method for detecting anti-ZIKV antibodies in humans and animals is thus urgently required. Here, we report an NS1-based luciferase immunosorbent assay(LISA), developed to detect ZIKV-specific IgG. Fusion proteins including a reporter Nano-luciferase(NLuc) and various fragments of ZIKV NS1 protein were expressed in 293 T cells. LISA was performed using the above cell lysates containing the expressed fusion proteins. Sample panels of humans and animals infected with ZIKV were examined for sensitivity of LISA, relative to those of ZIKV RT-PCR, commercial NS1-based ELISA, and micro-neutralization(MN) assays.Specificity and potential cross-reactivity were also evaluated using various convalescent serum samples derived from patients infected with dengue virus(DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV), and hepatitis C virus(HCV). Results indicated the optimal antigenic domain for anti-ZIKV IgG detection was located within 172–352 amino acids(aa) of ZIKV NS1 protein. NS1-based LISA performs better than commercial ELISA in anti-ZIKV Ig G detection. LISA was shown to be at least fourfold more sensitive than commercial ELISA, and could detect anti-ZIKV Ig G in various animal hosts without the need of species-specific labeled antibody. This novel assay is potentially useful for the rapid and sensitive detection of anti-ZIKV IgG in human and animal samples.
文摘Background:Although sustainable control since 1950s has achieved great successes,schistosomiasis japonica remains a major public health problem in China.Since 2004,a new integrated strategy was developed aiming to control the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum through the implementation of a package of interventions.To date,no systematic review or meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness of this new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis control in China has been published.We performed a PubMed-based bibliometric assessment of publications on the new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis japonica control in China,to understand the global transmissibility and sharing of the new integrated strategy.Methods:An in-depth bibliometric analysis of all publications on the new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis japonica control in China was performed through a PubMed search using the terms 'schistosomiasis' and 'China,'from January 1,2004 to August 31,2018.All titles and abstracts were read carefully,and the publications reporting the effectiveness,experiences,lessons,or problems of the new integrated strategy were included in the bibliometric analysis.Results:Overall,2,361 titles were screened,and 70 eligible publications were accessed for analyses,including 23 studies in English,published in 15 international journals,and 47 studies in Chinese with abstracts in English,published in 3 national journals.Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control (Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi) published 60% of the research output,Research articles (48.6%) and short reports (37.1%) were the dominant manuscript types.Furthermore,471 contributing authors from 277 affiliations across 9 countries produced these 70 publications.Conclusion:This is the first PubMed-based quantitative analysis of the research output of the new integrated strategy,and our data indicate a low global transmissibility of Chinese new integrated strategy.We therefore call for more research outputs of the new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis japonica control in China to be communicated through international platforms.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771750,31730063)National Key Research and Development Project(2017YFD0100201,2017YFD0100202)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2018jcyjAX0424).
文摘The mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade is important in stress signal transduction and plant development.In the present study,we identified a rice(Oryza sativa L.)mutant with reduced fertility,Oryza sativa mitogen-activated protein kinase 6(osmapk6),which harbored a mutated MAPK gene.Scanning and transmission electron microscopy,quantitative RT-PCR analysis,TUNEL assays,RNA in situ hybridization,longitudinal and transverse histological sectioning,and map-based cloning were performed to characterize the osmapk6 mutant.The gene OsMAPK6 was expressed throughout the plant but predominantly in the microspore mother cells,tapetal cells,and microspores in the anther sac.Compared with the wild type,the total number of microspores was reduced in the osmapk6 mutant.The formation of microspore mother cells was reduced in the osmapk6 anther sac at an early stage of anther development,which was the primary reason for the decrease in the total number of microspores.Programmed cell death of some tapetal cells was delayed in osmapk6 anthers and affected exine formation in neighboring microspores.These results suggest that OsMAPK6 plays pivotal roles in microspore mother cell formation and tapetal cell degradation.
基金supported by the National Key Program for Infectious Disease of China(2018ZX10101002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500301,2020YFC0840900)。
文摘Dear Editor,A novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)first broke out in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China,in 2019.More than 50 million cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed globally with 1,280,868 deaths reported as of November12,2020(https://covid19.who.int/).
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760628,31960110)。
文摘One new species of the genus Macromotettixoides Zheng,Wei&Jiang,2005 is described and illustrated with photographs.Macromotettixoides rugodorsalis Li&Mao sp.nov.is similar to M jiuwanshanensis Zheng,Wei&Jiang,2005 and M.wuyishana Zheng,2013,but differs from the latter two in:(1)anterior margin of vertex straight in dorsal view;(2)disc of pronotum densely covered with granules and tubercula,and hind process of pronotum with irregular wrinkled ridge;(3)lateral keels of prozona parallel,without humeral angle;and (4)lower margins of fore and middle femora with 2 large teeth each in base and middle.
基金supported by the Megaproject for Infectious Disease Research of China(2016ZX10004001-003 and 2014ZX10004001-002 to W.T.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500300 to W.T.,2016YFC1200901 to Y.D.,and 2016YFC1200200 to B.H)
文摘Dear Editor, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV),first isolated in 2012,has emerged zoonotically among humans (van Boheemen et al.2012).Since then, MERS-CoV continues to be a public health concern,with a fatality rate of 35%.On-going MERS-CoV outbreaks highlight the urgent need for the development of interventional measures,including an effective vaccine against MERS-CoV infection.Currently,no licensed therapeutic or vaccine is available (Okba et al.2017).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760628,31960110)the Yunnan Provincial Education Department’s Science Research Foundation Projects(2020Y0485)the project of the Integrated Scientific Expedition of the Cangshan Erhai National Nature Reserve。
文摘One new species,Tetrix cangshanensis sp.nov.,is described and illustrated with photographs.Tetrix cangshanensis sp.nov.is similar to T.parabipunctata Zheng&Ou,2004 and T.bipunctata(Linnaeus,1758),but differs from the latter two by the straight facial carinae before superior ocelli in lateral view,by higher position of antennae insert,and by straight anterior margin of pronotum;from T.parabipunctata by short hind wing;and from T.bipunctata by narrow longitudinal furrow of facial carinae between antennae,by prozonal carinae constricted retrad,and by undulated lower margin of middle femur.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7254390)the Youth Science Foundation of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(2024A103)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2303400).
文摘In 2022,a global outbreak of mpox was anticipated,with several cases reported in non-endemic countries in early May.Given the challenge of distinguishing the mpox virus(MPXV)from other pathogens based solely on symptoms,there is an urgent need for prompt and reliable MPXV detection methods.In this study,we developed assays using recombinase-aided amplification(RAA)to identify MPXV and evaluated their applicability with clinical samples.The assays were designed to detect theN4R gene of MPXV.All assays demonstrated detection limits of 1 copy/μL within the reaction system and exhibited no cross-reactivity with ectromelia or the TianTan strain of vaccinia virus,confirming their high specificity.Our established assay provides results in less than 50 min.Furthermore,we evaluated our assay using clinical samples from laboratory-confirmed mpox patients and demonstrated that the RAA-based assay is valuable for diagnosing MPXV infections in field and clinic settings,especially in areas with limited laboratory resources.Overall,three RAA-based nucleic acid assays for MPXV were established,providing a powerful tool for efficient,rapid,and specific detection of MPXV infection.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)(No.2011CB504704)the Ministry of Health of China(2014ZX10004-001,2013ZX10004601).
文摘The newly emerged Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)is a highly pathogenic respira-tory virus with pathogenic mechanisms that may be driven by innate immune pathways.The goal of this study is to characterize the expression of the structural(S,E,M,N)and accessory(ORF 3,ORF 4a,ORF 4b,ORF 5)proteins of MERS-CoV and to determine whether any of these pro-teins acts as an interferon antagonist.Individual structural and accessory protein-coding plasmids with an N-terminal HA tag were constructed and transiently transfected into cells,and their native expression and subcellular localiza-tion were assessed using Wes tern blotting and indirect immunofl uorescence.While ORF 4b demonstrated majorly nuclear localization,all of the other proteins demonstrated cytoplasmic localization.In addition,for the fi rst time,our experiments revealed that the M,ORF 4a,ORF 4b,and ORF 5 proteins are potent interferon antagonists.Further exami-nation revealed that the ORF 4a protein of MERS-CoV has the most potential to counteract the antiviral effects of IFN via the inhibition of both the interferon production(IFN-βpromoter activity,IRF-3/7 and NF-κB activation)and ISRE promoter element signaling pathways.Together,our re-sults provide new insights into the function and pathogenic role of the structural and accessory proteins of MERS-CoV.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0500300 to Wenjie Tan)
文摘Dear Editor,Since September 2012, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases have been reported in more than 27 countries, and more than 2,000 cases have been confirmed in the laboratory (http://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/). MERS-CoV causes an acute and severe respiratory illness with a high mortality rate(~35%) in humans (Shi et al., 2017, Zaki et al., 2012).Neutralizing antibodies targeting the spike of MERS-CoV have been shown to be a therapeutic option for treatment of lethal disease (Agrawal et al., 2016, Ying et al., 2014).
文摘Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus(MPXV),and historically,all outbreaks have been linked to Africa;however,monkeypox has been posing an alarming challenge to the world in 2022(1)as approximately 60,000 cases have been reported in more than 100 nations and regions worldwide(2).Currently,many cases of monkeypox were identified in many nonendemic countries outside of Central and West Africa,and human-to-human transmission has occurred frequently,especially among men who have sex with men(MSM)presenting new clinical symptoms similar to syphilis and other sexually transmitted infections(3).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500301,2021YFC0863300).
文摘An ongoing multi-country outbreak of monkeypox was reported in May 2022 with several deaths,affecting 107 countries of all six World Health Organization(WHO)regions.The WHO has declared the current monkeypox outbreak to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.It is,thus,necessary to rapidly and accurately detect and distinguish different monkeypox virus(MPXV)clades.We designed primers and probes based on the alignment of 138 complete genomes of poxviruses.In Panel 1,we mixed one pair of primers and three probes to detect and differentiate the MPXV Western Africa(IIa,IIb clade)and Congo Basin(I clade)and other orthopoxviruses.In Panel 2,we mixed one pair of primers and two probes to detect the 2022 MPXV(B.1 lineage and its descendant lineages).In addition,we tested the specificity and sensitivity of the assay using real-time PCR.In Panel 1,the assay reproducibly identified various concentrations of two plasmids of the monkeypox virus,whereas other orthopoxviruses did not cross-react.In Panel 2,the probe annealed well to MPXV B.1 and showed the expected linearity.These two multiple real-time assays are inclusive and highly specific for identifying different clades of MPXV.
