Today, most people know that physical activity(PA) is beneficial for their health ^(1,2)and aspire to engage in regular PA.^(3,4)However, despite their awareness of the importance of PA, it is evident that the transit...Today, most people know that physical activity(PA) is beneficial for their health ^(1,2)and aspire to engage in regular PA.^(3,4)However, despite their awareness of the importance of PA, it is evident that the transition from intention to action is challenging-a situation that has important public health implications. According to the World Health Organization,^(5)1 person dies every 6 s worldwide from causes related to physical inactivity, which underscores the urgency of addressing this situation.展开更多
Background:Taking actions to maintain a healthy lifestyle,including regular engagement in physical activity(PA)and reducing sedentary behavior(SB),may protect against the development of internalizing problems among he...Background:Taking actions to maintain a healthy lifestyle,including regular engagement in physical activity(PA)and reducing sedentary behavior(SB),may protect against the development of internalizing problems among healthy youth.However,it remains unclear whether such associations exist among youth with chronic pain who often report symptoms of depression and anxiety.To this end,we aimed to investigate the associations between independent and combined PA and/or SB patterns with indicators of internalizing problems in this vulnerable population.Methods:Data used in this cross-sectional study were retrieved from the U.S.National Survey of Children’s Health for the years 2021-2022.Specifically,caregiver proxy reports on sociodemgraphic factors and lifestyle behaviors of 4735 U.S.children and adolescents(referring to youth)aged 6-17 years were collected.We examined independent and combined patterns of PA and SB as exposures,with internalizing problems serving as outcomes of interest.Logistic regressions were used to examine the independent and combined associations of PA and/or SB patterns with anxiety and depression symptoms among youth with chronic pain while adjusting for covariates including age,sex,ethnicity,primary caregivers’education level,overweight status,and household federal poverty level.Results:Overall,our results indicated that PA was negatively associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms.Specifically,youth with chronic pain who engaged in at least 60-minute PA for 1-3 days,4-6 days,or every day reported significantly lower likelihood of experiencing symptoms of anxiety(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.60-0.84;OR=0.44,95%CI:0.36-0.53;OR=0.50,95%CI:0.40-0.63,respectively;all p-value<0.001)and depression(OR=0.63,95%CI:0.53-0.75;OR=0.38,95%CI:0.31-0.47;OR=0.46,95%CI:0.36-0.59,respectively;all p-value<0.001)symptoms compared to those with 0 days.Conversely,SB(operationalized via the proxy screen time)was positively associated with anxiety and depression symptoms.Youth with chronic pain who reported 4 or more hours of daily screen time had significantly higher odds of experiencing symptoms of anxiety(OR=2.17,95%CI:1.52-3.09,p<0.001)and depression(OR=2.30,95%CI:1.48-3.59,p<0.001).Furthermore,youth with chronic pain who engaged in higher PA levels and reported lower SB levels had a lower likelihood of experiencing symptoms of anxiety(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.52-0.87,p=0.003)and depression(OR=0.49,95%CI:0.34-0.70,p<0.001)symptoms compared to those with lower PA levels and higher SB levels.Conclusions:Higher PA levels and lower SB levels were associated with a reduced likelihood of developing anxiety and depression symptoms,which are indicative of internalizing problems,among youth with chronic pain.Future public health actions in this vulnerable population should prioritize intervention programs that promote PA engagement to reduce SB levels.展开更多
Objective:Safe and effective anticoagulation is essential for hemodialysis patients who are at high risk of bleeding.The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two-stage regional citrate ...Objective:Safe and effective anticoagulation is essential for hemodialysis patients who are at high risk of bleeding.The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two-stage regional citrate anticoagulation(RCA)combined with sequential anticoagulation and standard calcium-containing dialysate in intermittent hemodialysis(IHD)treatment.Methods:Patients at high risk of bleeding who underwent IHD from September 2019 to May 2021 were prospectively enrolled in 13 blood purification centers of nephrology departments,and were randomly divided into RCA group and saline flushing group.In the RCA group,0.04 g/mL sodium citrate was infused from the start of the dialysis line during blood draining and at the venous expansion chamber.The sodium citrate was stopped after 3 h of dialysis,which was changed to sequential dialysis without anticoagulant.The hazard ratios for coagulation were according to baseline.Results:A total of 159 patients and 208 sessions were enrolled,including RCA group(80 patients,110 sessions)and saline flushing group(79 patients,98 sessions).The incidence of severe coagulation events of extracorporeal circulation in the RCA group was significantly lower than that in the saline flushing group(3.64%vs.20.41%,P<0.001).The survival time of the filter pipeline in the RCA group was significantly longer than that in the saline flushing group((238.34±9.33)min vs.(221.73±34.10)min,P<0.001).The urea clearance index(Kt/V)in the RCA group was similar to that in the saline flushing group with no statistically significant difference(1.12±0.34 vs.1.08±0.34,P=0.41).Conclusions:Compared with saline flushing,the two-stage RCA combined with a sequential anticoagulation strategy significantly reduced extracorporeal circulation clotting events and prolonged the dialysis time without serious adverse events.展开更多
A molecular-level understanding of the electrical double layer(EDL)on graphene is critical for the electrochemical energy storage of carbon-based electrodes.In this work,the electrochemical interface between single-la...A molecular-level understanding of the electrical double layer(EDL)on graphene is critical for the electrochemical energy storage of carbon-based electrodes.In this work,the electrochemical interface between single-layer graphene(SLG)and an ionic liquid(IL,[EMI^(+)][TFSI^(-)])electrolyte is investigated by using cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,in situ Raman spectroscopy and in situ attenuated total internal reflection Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectroscopy.In the charge/discharge voltage range from -1.0 V to 1.0 V,the SLG is electrochemically doped due to the interaction between adsorbed ions and SLG.For a voltage larger than 1.75 V or lower than -2.0 V,the irreversible formation of structural defects is detected on SLG,attributed to the decomposition of[EMI^(+)][TFSI^(-)]and the sequential reaction.In situ ATR-FTIR suggests a potential-dependent reorientation of ions:the imidazolium ring of[EMI^(+)]is tilted at low negative and positive polarization and then lifts away from the SLG surface at a higher positive potential(>0.6 V),and the rearrangement of[TFSI^(-)]causes an increased adsorption density at positive potentials.Our findings provide deeper insight into the EDL structure on graphene down to the molecular level and may impact the design of carbon supercapacitors with higher energy storage capacity.展开更多
Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC)has been regarded as one of promising electric generators in portable electronic equipment and electric vehicles because of the high energy conversion efficiency and low pollutant emiss...Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC)has been regarded as one of promising electric generators in portable electronic equipment and electric vehicles because of the high energy conversion efficiency and low pollutant emissions [1,2].Electro-oxidation of methanol has been studied extensively in terms of its application in DMFC and related theoretical analysis promising anode catalyst [3-5].To date,the most for methanol oxidation is platinum (Pt).However,the development of commercial Pt-based fuel cells has been limited by the toxicity of carbon monoxide,the high cost of Pt and the aggregation of catalyst particles [6-9].Using binary or alloy catalysts is an effective strategy for the removal of CO from the catalyst surface [10-13].Extensive research reveals that ruthenium (Ru)-modified Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs)are efficient binary electro-catalysts for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR)[14].The addition of Ru to Pt-based catalysts significantly lowers the overpotential in MOR and enhances the CO-tolerance through the ‘bifunctional mechanism'[11,12,14-18].展开更多
Bound phenolics are the main phytochemicals and important contributors to the health benefits of whole grains.The commonly used chemical methods for bound phenolic release are not appropriate for processing of food ma...Bound phenolics are the main phytochemicals and important contributors to the health benefits of whole grains.The commonly used chemical methods for bound phenolic release are not appropriate for processing of food materials.The effects of cellulase and feruloyl esterase on releasing bound phenolics from rice bran dietary fibre(RBDF)and the auxiliary effects of autoclaving pretreatment were investigated in the present study to find a method to effectively increase bioaccessible phenolics in RBDF.The results showed that cellulase(CT)and feruloyl esterase(FT)alone and combined application(CFT)released limited bound phenolics.Autoclaving pretreatment could enhance the release of bound phenolics by enzymatic treatments significantly with 1.74,5.56 and 1.76 folds increases when compared with the above mentioned enzymolysis,respectively.Moreover,the total quantity of phenolic compounds released from RBDF via combined enzymolysis of cellulase and feruloyl esterase with autoclaving pretreatment(A-CFT)were comparable with that via alkaline hydrolysis previously reported.The predominant phenolic compounds released by A-CFT from RBDF were vanillin and ferulic acid,while ferulic and p-couramic acids accounted for 99.30%of the sum of phenolics released by alkaline hydrolysis.The DPPH scavenging,FRAP and ORAC antioxidant activities of the enzymatic hydrolysates were positive correlated with their total phenolic contents.The phenolics released by A-CFT showed lower antioxidant activity than those by alkaline hydrolysis,which may ascribe to the difference in phenolic profiles between methods.This study provides a new approach for processing whole grain and the by-products for functional foods materials with higher phenolic bioaccessibility.展开更多
Nonstoichiometric transition metal chalcogenides,characterized by intrinsic vacancy defects and high conductivity,have garnered significant interest for their diverse applications in catalysis,sensing,biomedicine,and ...Nonstoichiometric transition metal chalcogenides,characterized by intrinsic vacancy defects and high conductivity,have garnered significant interest for their diverse applications in catalysis,sensing,biomedicine,and energy conversion.Nevertheless,conventional synthesis strategies often necessitate harsh conditions or intricate procedures.It remains challenging to develop a rapid,facile,energy-efficient,and environmental-friendly strategy for the preparation of nonstoichiometric chalcogenides.Herein,we propose a surprisingly efficient yet simple method for the preparation of nonstoichiometric face-centered cubic(fcc)Cu_(2−x)S(0<x<1)nanoparticles,which are p-type semiconducting and non-toxic,by simply mixing aqueous solutions of Cu^(2+)with excess S^(2−)/HS^(−)at room temperature.The Cu_(2−x)S is resulted from the redox reaction between the Cu^(2+)and excess S^(2−)/HS^(−)with S2^(2−)as the side product,as has been demonstrated by the color change and the UV-Vis characterization of the supernatant.Moreover,the cyclic utilization of the excess S^(2−)/HS^(−)for repeatedly synthesizing Cu_(2−x)S is demonstrated.In contrast,the mixing of similar amounts of Cu^(2+)and S^(2−)/HS^(−)produces hexagonal CuS through the well-known precipitation reaction.The cubic Cu_(2−x)S exhibits outstanding rate capability and cycling stability as an anode material for sodium ion batteries,maintaining high specific capacities of 288 and 237 mA h g^(−1)at rates of 2 and 5 A g^(−1)respectively after 3000 cycles.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations unveil the exceptional Na^(+)storage properties of the as-prepared cubic Cu_(2−x)S,attributing them to its elevated structural stability.Moreover,the substantiation of a reduced Na^(+)-diffusion barrier energy provides theoretical reinforcement to these observations.The inorganic synthesis chemistry reported in this work paves a new pathway for the preparation of nonstoichiometric transition metal sulfides.In addition,the exceptional sodium-ion storage properties and the related understanding offer novel insights for optimizing the ion storage performances of transition metal chalcogenides.展开更多
基金supported by The Shenzhen Educational Research Funding(zdzb2014)The Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(202307313000096)+4 种基金The Social Science Foundation from the China's Ministry of Education(23YJA880093)The Post-Doctoral Fellowship(2022M711174)The National Center for Mental Health(Z014)BC is supported by the Chaires de recherche Rennes Métropole(23C 0909)SM is supported by the National Insti-tutes of Health(R01AG72445).
文摘Today, most people know that physical activity(PA) is beneficial for their health ^(1,2)and aspire to engage in regular PA.^(3,4)However, despite their awareness of the importance of PA, it is evident that the transition from intention to action is challenging-a situation that has important public health implications. According to the World Health Organization,^(5)1 person dies every 6 s worldwide from causes related to physical inactivity, which underscores the urgency of addressing this situation.
基金supported by Shenzhen Educational Research Funding(zdzb2014)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission Foundation(202307313000096)+4 种基金Social Science Foundation from China’s Ministry of Education(23YJA880093)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711174)National Center for Mental Health Foundation(Z014),Research Excellence Scholarships of Shenzhen University(ZYZD2305)Research Funding for Society of Sport Science(PT2023030)Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen University(000311).
文摘Background:Taking actions to maintain a healthy lifestyle,including regular engagement in physical activity(PA)and reducing sedentary behavior(SB),may protect against the development of internalizing problems among healthy youth.However,it remains unclear whether such associations exist among youth with chronic pain who often report symptoms of depression and anxiety.To this end,we aimed to investigate the associations between independent and combined PA and/or SB patterns with indicators of internalizing problems in this vulnerable population.Methods:Data used in this cross-sectional study were retrieved from the U.S.National Survey of Children’s Health for the years 2021-2022.Specifically,caregiver proxy reports on sociodemgraphic factors and lifestyle behaviors of 4735 U.S.children and adolescents(referring to youth)aged 6-17 years were collected.We examined independent and combined patterns of PA and SB as exposures,with internalizing problems serving as outcomes of interest.Logistic regressions were used to examine the independent and combined associations of PA and/or SB patterns with anxiety and depression symptoms among youth with chronic pain while adjusting for covariates including age,sex,ethnicity,primary caregivers’education level,overweight status,and household federal poverty level.Results:Overall,our results indicated that PA was negatively associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms.Specifically,youth with chronic pain who engaged in at least 60-minute PA for 1-3 days,4-6 days,or every day reported significantly lower likelihood of experiencing symptoms of anxiety(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.60-0.84;OR=0.44,95%CI:0.36-0.53;OR=0.50,95%CI:0.40-0.63,respectively;all p-value<0.001)and depression(OR=0.63,95%CI:0.53-0.75;OR=0.38,95%CI:0.31-0.47;OR=0.46,95%CI:0.36-0.59,respectively;all p-value<0.001)symptoms compared to those with 0 days.Conversely,SB(operationalized via the proxy screen time)was positively associated with anxiety and depression symptoms.Youth with chronic pain who reported 4 or more hours of daily screen time had significantly higher odds of experiencing symptoms of anxiety(OR=2.17,95%CI:1.52-3.09,p<0.001)and depression(OR=2.30,95%CI:1.48-3.59,p<0.001).Furthermore,youth with chronic pain who engaged in higher PA levels and reported lower SB levels had a lower likelihood of experiencing symptoms of anxiety(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.52-0.87,p=0.003)and depression(OR=0.49,95%CI:0.34-0.70,p<0.001)symptoms compared to those with lower PA levels and higher SB levels.Conclusions:Higher PA levels and lower SB levels were associated with a reduced likelihood of developing anxiety and depression symptoms,which are indicative of internalizing problems,among youth with chronic pain.Future public health actions in this vulnerable population should prioritize intervention programs that promote PA engagement to reduce SB levels.
基金the 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence from West China Hospital of Sichuan University(No.ZYGD18027)。
文摘Objective:Safe and effective anticoagulation is essential for hemodialysis patients who are at high risk of bleeding.The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two-stage regional citrate anticoagulation(RCA)combined with sequential anticoagulation and standard calcium-containing dialysate in intermittent hemodialysis(IHD)treatment.Methods:Patients at high risk of bleeding who underwent IHD from September 2019 to May 2021 were prospectively enrolled in 13 blood purification centers of nephrology departments,and were randomly divided into RCA group and saline flushing group.In the RCA group,0.04 g/mL sodium citrate was infused from the start of the dialysis line during blood draining and at the venous expansion chamber.The sodium citrate was stopped after 3 h of dialysis,which was changed to sequential dialysis without anticoagulant.The hazard ratios for coagulation were according to baseline.Results:A total of 159 patients and 208 sessions were enrolled,including RCA group(80 patients,110 sessions)and saline flushing group(79 patients,98 sessions).The incidence of severe coagulation events of extracorporeal circulation in the RCA group was significantly lower than that in the saline flushing group(3.64%vs.20.41%,P<0.001).The survival time of the filter pipeline in the RCA group was significantly longer than that in the saline flushing group((238.34±9.33)min vs.(221.73±34.10)min,P<0.001).The urea clearance index(Kt/V)in the RCA group was similar to that in the saline flushing group with no statistically significant difference(1.12±0.34 vs.1.08±0.34,P=0.41).Conclusions:Compared with saline flushing,the two-stage RCA combined with a sequential anticoagulation strategy significantly reduced extracorporeal circulation clotting events and prolonged the dialysis time without serious adverse events.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0711502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52273234,52325202,22172151)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2060000098).
文摘A molecular-level understanding of the electrical double layer(EDL)on graphene is critical for the electrochemical energy storage of carbon-based electrodes.In this work,the electrochemical interface between single-layer graphene(SLG)and an ionic liquid(IL,[EMI^(+)][TFSI^(-)])electrolyte is investigated by using cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,in situ Raman spectroscopy and in situ attenuated total internal reflection Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectroscopy.In the charge/discharge voltage range from -1.0 V to 1.0 V,the SLG is electrochemically doped due to the interaction between adsorbed ions and SLG.For a voltage larger than 1.75 V or lower than -2.0 V,the irreversible formation of structural defects is detected on SLG,attributed to the decomposition of[EMI^(+)][TFSI^(-)]and the sequential reaction.In situ ATR-FTIR suggests a potential-dependent reorientation of ions:the imidazolium ring of[EMI^(+)]is tilted at low negative and positive polarization and then lifts away from the SLG surface at a higher positive potential(>0.6 V),and the rearrangement of[TFSI^(-)]causes an increased adsorption density at positive potentials.Our findings provide deeper insight into the EDL structure on graphene down to the molecular level and may impact the design of carbon supercapacitors with higher energy storage capacity.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51322204 and 51772282)the National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program and 2015CB932300)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2060140014 and WK2060140017)
文摘Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC)has been regarded as one of promising electric generators in portable electronic equipment and electric vehicles because of the high energy conversion efficiency and low pollutant emissions [1,2].Electro-oxidation of methanol has been studied extensively in terms of its application in DMFC and related theoretical analysis promising anode catalyst [3-5].To date,the most for methanol oxidation is platinum (Pt).However,the development of commercial Pt-based fuel cells has been limited by the toxicity of carbon monoxide,the high cost of Pt and the aggregation of catalyst particles [6-9].Using binary or alloy catalysts is an effective strategy for the removal of CO from the catalyst surface [10-13].Extensive research reveals that ruthenium (Ru)-modified Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs)are efficient binary electro-catalysts for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR)[14].The addition of Ru to Pt-based catalysts significantly lowers the overpotential in MOR and enhances the CO-tolerance through the ‘bifunctional mechanism'[11,12,14-18].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972082)the Guangdong Special Support Program(2019BT02N112)+2 种基金the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Project(2021JJA130383)the Innovation Fundation of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(202112)the Special Fund for Scientific Innovation Strategy-construction of High-level Academy of Agriculture Science(R2020PY-JG011,202108TD).
文摘Bound phenolics are the main phytochemicals and important contributors to the health benefits of whole grains.The commonly used chemical methods for bound phenolic release are not appropriate for processing of food materials.The effects of cellulase and feruloyl esterase on releasing bound phenolics from rice bran dietary fibre(RBDF)and the auxiliary effects of autoclaving pretreatment were investigated in the present study to find a method to effectively increase bioaccessible phenolics in RBDF.The results showed that cellulase(CT)and feruloyl esterase(FT)alone and combined application(CFT)released limited bound phenolics.Autoclaving pretreatment could enhance the release of bound phenolics by enzymatic treatments significantly with 1.74,5.56 and 1.76 folds increases when compared with the above mentioned enzymolysis,respectively.Moreover,the total quantity of phenolic compounds released from RBDF via combined enzymolysis of cellulase and feruloyl esterase with autoclaving pretreatment(A-CFT)were comparable with that via alkaline hydrolysis previously reported.The predominant phenolic compounds released by A-CFT from RBDF were vanillin and ferulic acid,while ferulic and p-couramic acids accounted for 99.30%of the sum of phenolics released by alkaline hydrolysis.The DPPH scavenging,FRAP and ORAC antioxidant activities of the enzymatic hydrolysates were positive correlated with their total phenolic contents.The phenolics released by A-CFT showed lower antioxidant activity than those by alkaline hydrolysis,which may ascribe to the difference in phenolic profiles between methods.This study provides a new approach for processing whole grain and the by-products for functional foods materials with higher phenolic bioaccessibility.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202303021211036)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21905099,52004179,22004009,U1910210)+2 种基金Innovative Research Team of Shanxi Hundred Talents Program(DC2000005702)Shanxi“1331 Project”(DT17100004)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2214057).
文摘Nonstoichiometric transition metal chalcogenides,characterized by intrinsic vacancy defects and high conductivity,have garnered significant interest for their diverse applications in catalysis,sensing,biomedicine,and energy conversion.Nevertheless,conventional synthesis strategies often necessitate harsh conditions or intricate procedures.It remains challenging to develop a rapid,facile,energy-efficient,and environmental-friendly strategy for the preparation of nonstoichiometric chalcogenides.Herein,we propose a surprisingly efficient yet simple method for the preparation of nonstoichiometric face-centered cubic(fcc)Cu_(2−x)S(0<x<1)nanoparticles,which are p-type semiconducting and non-toxic,by simply mixing aqueous solutions of Cu^(2+)with excess S^(2−)/HS^(−)at room temperature.The Cu_(2−x)S is resulted from the redox reaction between the Cu^(2+)and excess S^(2−)/HS^(−)with S2^(2−)as the side product,as has been demonstrated by the color change and the UV-Vis characterization of the supernatant.Moreover,the cyclic utilization of the excess S^(2−)/HS^(−)for repeatedly synthesizing Cu_(2−x)S is demonstrated.In contrast,the mixing of similar amounts of Cu^(2+)and S^(2−)/HS^(−)produces hexagonal CuS through the well-known precipitation reaction.The cubic Cu_(2−x)S exhibits outstanding rate capability and cycling stability as an anode material for sodium ion batteries,maintaining high specific capacities of 288 and 237 mA h g^(−1)at rates of 2 and 5 A g^(−1)respectively after 3000 cycles.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations unveil the exceptional Na^(+)storage properties of the as-prepared cubic Cu_(2−x)S,attributing them to its elevated structural stability.Moreover,the substantiation of a reduced Na^(+)-diffusion barrier energy provides theoretical reinforcement to these observations.The inorganic synthesis chemistry reported in this work paves a new pathway for the preparation of nonstoichiometric transition metal sulfides.In addition,the exceptional sodium-ion storage properties and the related understanding offer novel insights for optimizing the ion storage performances of transition metal chalcogenides.
