Secure and high-speed optical communications are of primary focus in information transmission.Although it is widely accepted that chaotic secure communication can provide superior physical layer security,it is challen...Secure and high-speed optical communications are of primary focus in information transmission.Although it is widely accepted that chaotic secure communication can provide superior physical layer security,it is challenging to meet the demand for high-speed increasing communication rate.We theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a conceptual paradigm for orbital angular momentum(OAM)configured chaotic laser(OAM-CCL)that allows access to high-security and massivecapacity optical communications.Combining 11 OAM modes and an all-optical feedback chaotic laser,we are able to theoretically empower a well-defined optical communication system with a total transmission capacity of 100 Gb∕s and a bit error rate below the forward error correction threshold 3.8×10^(-3).Furthermore,the OAM-CCL-based communication system is robust to 3D misalignment by resorting to appropriate mode spacing and beam waist.Finally,the conceptual paradigm of the OAM-CCL-based communication system is verified.In contrast to existing systems(traditional free-space optical communication or chaotic optical communication),the OAM-CCL-based communication system has threein-one characteristics of high security,massive capacity,and robustness.The findings demonstrate that this will promote the applicable settings of chaotic laser and provide an alternative promising route to guide high-security and massive-capacity optical communications.展开更多
The crystal structure and physical properties of Nb_(25)Mo_(5+x)Re_(35)Ru_(25-x)Rh_(10)(0≤x≤10)and Nb_(5)Mo_(35-y)Re_(15+y)Ru_(35)Rh_(10)(0≤y≤15)high-entropy alloys(HEAs)have been studied by X-ray diffraction,elec...The crystal structure and physical properties of Nb_(25)Mo_(5+x)Re_(35)Ru_(25-x)Rh_(10)(0≤x≤10)and Nb_(5)Mo_(35-y)Re_(15+y)Ru_(35)Rh_(10)(0≤y≤15)high-entropy alloys(HEAs)have been studied by X-ray diffraction,electrical resistivity,magnetic susceptibility,and specific heat measurements.The results show that the former HEAs with valence electron concentration(VEC)values of 6.7-6.9 crystallize in a noncentrosymmetric cubicα-Mn structure,while the latter ones with VEC values of 7.1-7.25 adopt a centrosymmetric hexagonal close-packed(hcp)structure.Despite different structures,both series of HEAs are found to be bulk superconductors with a full energy gap,and the superconducting transition temperature Tc tends to decrease with the increase of VEC.Nevertheless,the Tc values of the hcp-type HEAs are higher than those of theα-Mn-type ones,likely due to a stronger electron phonon coupling.Furthermore,we show that VEC and electronegativity difference are two key parameters to control the stability ofα-Mn and hcp-type HEAs.These results not only are helpful for the design of such HEAs,but also represent the first realization of structurally different HEA superconductors without changing the constituent elements.展开更多
MnO_(2)has attracted great interest in working as the cathode of zinc ion batteries.However,the development of high-capacity,high-energy-density,and durable manganese-based cathodes with an easy synthesis strategy and...MnO_(2)has attracted great interest in working as the cathode of zinc ion batteries.However,the development of high-capacity,high-energy-density,and durable manganese-based cathodes with an easy synthesis strategy and proper energy storage mechanism remains an ongoing challenge.Herein,a facile plasmainduced strategy was demonstrated to introduce oxygen vacancies into theε-MnO_(2),and the obtained oxygen vacancies-richε-MnO_(2)nanosheets(ε-MnO_(2-x))show satisfactory electrochemical performances.Furthermore,an appropriate energy storage mechanism for dissolution/deposition was proposed.Thanks to a synergistic effect of the oxygen vacancies inε-MnO_(2)nanosheets and the exposed free-standing collector for Mn^(2+) dissolution/deposition,theε-MnO_(2-x) nanosheets electrode delivers a remarkable capacity(337 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1))and exhibits an ultrahigh energy density of 462 Wh kg^(-1)(based on the weights of the cathode active material).Furthermore,impressive durability with 85.9%capacity retention after 1000 cycles was obtained.The superior electrochemical performance makes the plasma-induced strategy promising for designing advanced metal oxide electrode materials for high-performance aqueous zinc ion batteries.展开更多
During embryo development, the vascular precursors and ground tissue stem cells divide to renew them-selves and produce the vascular tissue, endodermal cells, and cortical cells. However, the molecular mech-anisms reg...During embryo development, the vascular precursors and ground tissue stem cells divide to renew them-selves and produce the vascular tissue, endodermal cells, and cortical cells. However, the molecular mech-anisms regulating division of these stem cells have remained largely elusive. In this study, we show that loss of function of SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-UKE KINASE (SERK) genes results in aberrant em-bryo development. Fewer cortical, endodermal, and vascular cells are generated in the embryos of serk1 serk2bak1 triple mutants. WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMBOBOX5 (WOXS) is ectopically expressed in vascular cells of serkl serk2 bak1 embryos. The first transverse division of vascular precursors in mid-globular em-bryos and second asymmetric division of ground tissue stem cells in early-heart embryos are abnormally altered to a longitudinal division. The embryo defects can be partially rescued by constitutively activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase YODA (YDA) and MAPK kinase MKK5. Taken together, our results reveal that SERK-mediated signals regulate division patterns of vascular precursors and ground tissue stem cells, likely via the YDA-MKK4/5 cascade, during embryo development.展开更多
Root growth is maintained by the continuous division of cells in the apical meristem.ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR 1(RGF1)is a critical peptide hormone regulating root stem cell niche maintenance.Previous studies discov...Root growth is maintained by the continuous division of cells in the apical meristem.ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR 1(RGF1)is a critical peptide hormone regulating root stem cell niche maintenance.Previous studies discovered that five closely related leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases(LRRRLKs),named RGF1 INSENSITIVES(RGIs)or RGF1 RECEPTORS(RGFRs),are able to perceive the RGF1 signal and redundantly control root stem cell niche maintenance.RGF1 regulates root meristem activity mainly via two downstream transcription factors,PLETHORA 1(PLT1)and PLT2.Regulatory proteins connecting cell surface RGF1-RGI1 and nuclear PLTs,however,were not identified.Here,we report that the mitogen-activated protein(MAP)kinase kinase 4(MKK4)and MAP kinase 3(MPK3)were coimmunoprecipitated with RGI1-FLAG after Arabidopsis seedlings were treated with RGF1.Genetic and biochemical assays confirmed that MKK4 and MKK5,and their downstream targets MPK3 and MPK6,are essential RG卜dependent regulators of root meristem development.In addition,we found that the MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module functions downstream of YDA,a MAPKKK.Our results demonstrate that RGF1-RGI1 regulate the expression of PLT1/PLT2 via a YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 signaling cascade.展开更多
The shoot apical meristem(SAM)and root apical meristem(RAM)act as pools of stem cells that give rise to aboveground and underground tissues and organs in higher plants,respectively.The CLAVATA3(CLV3)-WUSCHEL(WUS)negat...The shoot apical meristem(SAM)and root apical meristem(RAM)act as pools of stem cells that give rise to aboveground and underground tissues and organs in higher plants,respectively.The CLAVATA3(CLV3)-WUSCHEL(WUS)negative-feedback loop acts as a core pathway controlling SAM homeostasis,while CLV3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION(ESR)40(CLE40)and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5(WOX5),homologs of CLV3 and WUS,direct columella stem cell fate.Moreover,CLV3 INSENSITIVE KINASES(CIKs)have been shown to be essential for maintaining SAM homeostasis,whereas whether they regulate the distal root meristem remains to be elucidated.Here,we report that CIKs are indispensable for transducing the CLE40 signal to maintain homeostasis of the distal root meristem.We found that the cik mutant roots displayed disrupted quiescent center and delayed columella stem cell(CSC)differentiation.Biochemical assays demonstrated that CIKs interact with ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY4(ACR4)in a ligand-independent manner and can be phosphorylated by ACR4 in vitro.In addition,the phosphorylation of CIKs can be rapidly induced by CLE40,which partially depends on ACR4.Although CIKs act as conserved and redundant regulators in the SAM and RAM,our results demonstrated that they exhibit differentiated functions in these meristems.展开更多
Photosynthetic efficiency is the primary determinant of crop yield,including vegetative biomass and grain yield.Manipulation of key transcription factors known to directly control photosynthetic machinery can be an ef...Photosynthetic efficiency is the primary determinant of crop yield,including vegetative biomass and grain yield.Manipulation of key transcription factors known to directly control photosynthetic machinery can be an effective strategy to improve photosynthetic traits.In this study,we identified an Arabidopsis gain-of-function mutant,cogwheel1-3D,that shows a significantly enlarged rosette and increased biomass compared with wild-type plants.Overexpression of COG1,a Dof transcription factor,recapitulated the phenotype of cogwheel1-3D,whereas knocking out COG1 and its six paralogs resulted in a reduced rosette size and decreased biomass.Transcriptomic and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that COG1 and its paralogs were required for light-induced expression of genes involved in photosynthesis.Further chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that COG1 can directly bind to the promoter regions of multiple genes encoding light-harvesting antenna proteins.Physiological,biochemical,and microscopy analyses revealed that COG1 enhances photosynthetic capacity and starch accumulation in Arabidopsis rosette leaves.Furthermore,combined results of bioinformatic,genetic,and molecular experiments suggested that the functions of COG1 in increasing biomass are conserved in different plant species.These results collectively demonstrated that COG1 acts as a key regulator of plant biomass by promoting photosynthesis and starch accumulation.Manipulating COG1 to optimize photosynthetic capacity would create new strategies for future crop yield improvement.展开更多
TCP(TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR) proteins, a family of plantspecific transcription factors, play important roles in many developmental processes. However, genetic and functional redundancy a...TCP(TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR) proteins, a family of plantspecific transcription factors, play important roles in many developmental processes. However, genetic and functional redundancy among class I TCP limits the analysis of their biological roles. Here, we identified a dominantnegative mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana TCP7 named leaf curling-upward(lcu), which exhibits smaller leaf cells and shorter hypocotyls than the wild type, due to defective endoreplication. A septuple loss-of-function mutant of TCP7, TCP8, TCP14, TCP15, TCP21, TCP22, and TCP23 displayed similar developmental defects to those of lcu.Genome-wide RNA-sequencing showed that lcu and the septuple mutant share many misexpressed genes.Intriguingly, TCP7 directly targets the CYCLIN D1;1 (CYCD1;1) locus and activates its transcription. We determined that the C-terminus of TCP7 accounts for its transcriptional activation activity. Furthermore, the mutant protein LCU exhibited reduced transcriptional activation activity due to the introduction of an EAR-like repressive domain at its C-terminus. Together, these observations indicate that TCP7 plays important roles during leaf and hypocotyl development, redundantly, with at least six class I TCPs, and regulates the expression of CYCD1;1 to affect endoreplication in Arabidopsis.展开更多
Reproduction is a crucial process in the life span of flowering plants,and directly affects human basic requirements in agriculture,such as grain yield and quality.Typical receptor-like protein kinases(RLKs)are a larg...Reproduction is a crucial process in the life span of flowering plants,and directly affects human basic requirements in agriculture,such as grain yield and quality.Typical receptor-like protein kinases(RLKs)are a large family of membrane proteins sensing extracellular signals to regulate plant growth,development,and stress responses.In Arabidopsis thaliana and other plant species,RLK-mediated signaling pathways play essential roles in regulating the reproductive process by sensing different ligand signals.Molecular understanding of the reproductive process is vital from the perspective of controlling male and female fertility.Here,we summarize the roles of RLKs during plant reproduction at the genetic and molecular levels,including RLK-mediated floral organ development,ovule and anther development,and embryogenesis.In addition,the possible molecular regulatory patterns of those RLKs with unrevealed mechanisms during reproductive development are discussed.We also point out the thought-provoking questions raised by the research on these plant RLKs during reproduction for future investigation.展开更多
The introduction of carbon interstitials into high-entropy alloys(HEAs)provides an effective way to improve their properties.However,all such HEA systems explored so far are limited to those with the face-centered-cub...The introduction of carbon interstitials into high-entropy alloys(HEAs)provides an effective way to improve their properties.However,all such HEA systems explored so far are limited to those with the face-centered-cubic(fcc)structure.Here we report the structural,mechanical and physical properties of the refractory(Nb_(0.375)Ta_(0.25)Mo_(0.125)W_(0.125)Re_(0.125))_(100−x)C_(x) HEAs over a wide x range of 0≤x≤20.It is found that,whereas the starting HEA(x=0)is composed of a major body-centered-cubic(bcc)phase with significant impurities,the bcc phase fraction increases with the C concentration and achieves almost 100%at x=20.Moreover,the increase of C content x results in an expansion of the bcc lattice,an enhancement of the microhardness,an increase in residual resistivity and a small variation of density of states at the Fermi level.All these features are consistent with the expectation that carbon atoms occupy the interstitial site.For x≥11.1,the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the bond formation between the carbon and metal atoms,suggesting that some carbon atoms may also reside in the lattice site.In addition,a semiquantitative analysis shows that the enhanced mixing entropy caused by carbon addition plays a key role in stabilizing the(nearly)single solid-solution phase.Our study not only provides the first series of carbon interstitial HEAs with a bcc structure,but also helps to better understand the alloying behavior of carbon in refractory HEAs.展开更多
High-entropy alloys(HEAs)are the focus of current research for their diverse properties,including superconductivity and structural polymorphism.However,the polymorphic transition has been observed only in nonsupercond...High-entropy alloys(HEAs)are the focus of current research for their diverse properties,including superconductivity and structural polymorphism.However,the polymorphic transition has been observed only in nonsuperconducting HEAs mostly under high pressure.Here we report the discovery of the superconductivity and temperature-driven polymorphism in(V0.5Nb0.5)3-xMoxAl0.5Ga0.5(0.2≤x≤1.4)HEAs,which are of a single body-centered cubic(bcc)structure for x=0.2 and a mixture of the bcc and A15 structures for higher x values.Upon annealing,the bcc structure undergoes a polymorphic transformation to the A15 one and all HEAs exhibit bulk superconductivity.For the sample with x=0.2,the bcc polymorph is not superconducting down to1.8 K,whereas the A15 polymorph has a superconducting transition temperature Tc of 10.2 K and estimated zero-temperature upper critical field Bc2(0)of 20.1 T,both of which are the highest among HEA superconductors.With increasing Mo content x,both Tc and Bc2(0)of the A15-type HEAs decrease,yet the large ratio of Bc2(0)/Tc signifies a disorder-induced enhancement of the upper critical field over a wide x range.The decrease in Tc is attributed to the decrease in both the electronic specific-heat coefficient and electron-phonon coupling strength.Furthermore,the valence electron count dependence of Tc,which is different from both the binary A15 and other structurally different HEA superconductors,suggests that Tc may be increased further by reducing the number of valence electrons.Our results not only uncover HEA superconductors of a new structural type,but also provide the first example of polymorphism-dependent superconductivity in HEAs.展开更多
A new noncentrosymmetric phosphide ThIrP has been synthesized and characterized. X-ray difraction analysis shows that this compound crystallizes in a LaPtSi-type tetragonal lattice(space group I41md, Z = 4), whose lat...A new noncentrosymmetric phosphide ThIrP has been synthesized and characterized. X-ray difraction analysis shows that this compound crystallizes in a LaPtSi-type tetragonal lattice(space group I41md, Z = 4), whose lattice parameters are a = b =4.0676(1) ?, c = 14.3354(2) ?, and V = 237.191(8) ?3. Moreover, ThIrP is discovered to be an intermediately coupled,type-Ⅱ superconductor with possibly multiple gaps below Tc= 5.07 K. The upper critical magnetic field, Sommerfield coefficient, and Ginzburg-Laudau parameter are determined based on physical property measurements, which are Bc2= 0.83 T, γ =7.5 mJ mol-1 K-2, and κGL= 7.5, respectively. The electronic band structure calculations point out nearly equal contributions of Ir and Th atoms on the density of states around the Fermi surface. In addition, the spin-orbit coupling induced band splitting reaches as large as 270 meV along the Γ-Z line. Our results suggest that ThIrP provides a platform to study the interplay between inversion-symmetry breaking, strong spin-orbit coupling, and superconductivity.展开更多
We report the superconductivity of a new quaternary compound ThMo_(2)Si_(2)C, synthesized with the arc-melting technique. The compound crystallizes in a tetragonal CeCr_(2)Si_(2)C-type structure with cell parameters o...We report the superconductivity of a new quaternary compound ThMo_(2)Si_(2)C, synthesized with the arc-melting technique. The compound crystallizes in a tetragonal CeCr_(2)Si_(2)C-type structure with cell parameters of a = 4.2296A and c = 5.3571 A. An interlayer Si–Si covalent bonding is suggested by the atomic distance. The electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate a Pauli-paramagnetic metal with dominant electron-electron scattering in the normal-state. Bulk superconductivity at 2.2 K is demonstrated with a dimensionless specific-heat jump of △C/γnT = 0.98. The superconducting parameters of the critical magnetic fields, coherence length, penetration depth, and superconducting energy gap are given.展开更多
The key challenges in aqueous zinc-manganese dioxide batteries(MnO_(2)//Zn)are their poor electrochemical kinetics and stability,which are mainly due to low conductivity and the inevitable dissolution of MnO_(2).A syn...The key challenges in aqueous zinc-manganese dioxide batteries(MnO_(2)//Zn)are their poor electrochemical kinetics and stability,which are mainly due to low conductivity and the inevitable dissolution of MnO_(2).A syn-ergistic combination of a Co-doped𝜎σ-MnO_(2)electrode(Co-MnO_(2))and a Co(CH_(3)COO)_(2)•4H_(2)O(CoAc)electrolyte additive is here developed to design a high-performance aqueous MnO_(2)//Zn battery(denoted as a Co-MnO_(2)//Zn battery with CoAc).The introduction of Co ions(Co^(3+)/Co^(2+))into the𝜎σ-MnO_(2)electrode is achieved via a facile one-step electrodeposition method.Benefitting from the synergistic coupling effect of the Co-MnO_(2)electrode and the CoAc electrolyte additive,the fabricated Co-MnO_(2)//Zn battery with CoAc shows a commendable dis-charge capacity of 313.8 mAh g^(−1)at 0.5 A g^(−1),excellent rate performance,excellent durability over 1000 cycles(∼92%capacity retention at 1.0 A g^(−1))and admirable energy density(439.3 Wh kg^(−1)),which is a significant improvement compared with an un-doped𝜎σ-MnO_(2)//Zn battery.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61927811,62035009,and 11974258)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202103021224038)+3 种基金the Development Fund in Science and Technology of Shanxi Province(Grant No.YDZJSX2021A009)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics(Grant No.SKLAO2022001A09)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(Grant Nos.ZK[2021]031 and ZK[2023]049)the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams.
文摘Secure and high-speed optical communications are of primary focus in information transmission.Although it is widely accepted that chaotic secure communication can provide superior physical layer security,it is challenging to meet the demand for high-speed increasing communication rate.We theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a conceptual paradigm for orbital angular momentum(OAM)configured chaotic laser(OAM-CCL)that allows access to high-security and massivecapacity optical communications.Combining 11 OAM modes and an all-optical feedback chaotic laser,we are able to theoretically empower a well-defined optical communication system with a total transmission capacity of 100 Gb∕s and a bit error rate below the forward error correction threshold 3.8×10^(-3).Furthermore,the OAM-CCL-based communication system is robust to 3D misalignment by resorting to appropriate mode spacing and beam waist.Finally,the conceptual paradigm of the OAM-CCL-based communication system is verified.In contrast to existing systems(traditional free-space optical communication or chaotic optical communication),the OAM-CCL-based communication system has threein-one characteristics of high security,massive capacity,and robustness.The findings demonstrate that this will promote the applicable settings of chaotic laser and provide an alternative promising route to guide high-security and massive-capacity optical communications.
基金financial support by the foundation of Westlake Universitysupported by the National Key Research Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0303002)。
文摘The crystal structure and physical properties of Nb_(25)Mo_(5+x)Re_(35)Ru_(25-x)Rh_(10)(0≤x≤10)and Nb_(5)Mo_(35-y)Re_(15+y)Ru_(35)Rh_(10)(0≤y≤15)high-entropy alloys(HEAs)have been studied by X-ray diffraction,electrical resistivity,magnetic susceptibility,and specific heat measurements.The results show that the former HEAs with valence electron concentration(VEC)values of 6.7-6.9 crystallize in a noncentrosymmetric cubicα-Mn structure,while the latter ones with VEC values of 7.1-7.25 adopt a centrosymmetric hexagonal close-packed(hcp)structure.Despite different structures,both series of HEAs are found to be bulk superconductors with a full energy gap,and the superconducting transition temperature Tc tends to decrease with the increase of VEC.Nevertheless,the Tc values of the hcp-type HEAs are higher than those of theα-Mn-type ones,likely due to a stronger electron phonon coupling.Furthermore,we show that VEC and electronegativity difference are two key parameters to control the stability ofα-Mn and hcp-type HEAs.These results not only are helpful for the design of such HEAs,but also represent the first realization of structurally different HEA superconductors without changing the constituent elements.
基金NSFC(Nos.51702123,51472110)the Shandong Province Higher Educational Youths Innovation Science and Technology Program(No.2019KJA018)the University of Jinan Science and Technology Planning Project(No.XKY2034)。
文摘MnO_(2)has attracted great interest in working as the cathode of zinc ion batteries.However,the development of high-capacity,high-energy-density,and durable manganese-based cathodes with an easy synthesis strategy and proper energy storage mechanism remains an ongoing challenge.Herein,a facile plasmainduced strategy was demonstrated to introduce oxygen vacancies into theε-MnO_(2),and the obtained oxygen vacancies-richε-MnO_(2)nanosheets(ε-MnO_(2-x))show satisfactory electrochemical performances.Furthermore,an appropriate energy storage mechanism for dissolution/deposition was proposed.Thanks to a synergistic effect of the oxygen vacancies inε-MnO_(2)nanosheets and the exposed free-standing collector for Mn^(2+) dissolution/deposition,theε-MnO_(2-x) nanosheets electrode delivers a remarkable capacity(337 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1))and exhibits an ultrahigh energy density of 462 Wh kg^(-1)(based on the weights of the cathode active material).Furthermore,impressive durability with 85.9%capacity retention after 1000 cycles was obtained.The superior electrochemical performance makes the plasma-induced strategy promising for designing advanced metal oxide electrode materials for high-performance aqueous zinc ion batteries.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (31770312, 31530005, 31471402, 31720103902, 31270229, 31070283)the Ministry of Education (113058A. NCET-12-0249)+2 种基金the 111 Project (B16022)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2018-kb05)the Gansu Provincial Science & Technology Department (17ZD2NA015-06, 17ZD2NA016-5).
文摘During embryo development, the vascular precursors and ground tissue stem cells divide to renew them-selves and produce the vascular tissue, endodermal cells, and cortical cells. However, the molecular mech-anisms regulating division of these stem cells have remained largely elusive. In this study, we show that loss of function of SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-UKE KINASE (SERK) genes results in aberrant em-bryo development. Fewer cortical, endodermal, and vascular cells are generated in the embryos of serk1 serk2bak1 triple mutants. WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMBOBOX5 (WOXS) is ectopically expressed in vascular cells of serkl serk2 bak1 embryos. The first transverse division of vascular precursors in mid-globular em-bryos and second asymmetric division of ground tissue stem cells in early-heart embryos are abnormally altered to a longitudinal division. The embryo defects can be partially rescued by constitutively activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase YODA (YDA) and MAPK kinase MKK5. Taken together, our results reveal that SERK-mediated signals regulate division patterns of vascular precursors and ground tissue stem cells, likely via the YDA-MKK4/5 cascade, during embryo development.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,31720103902 and 31530005 to J.L.,and 31800236 to Y.O.
文摘Root growth is maintained by the continuous division of cells in the apical meristem.ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR 1(RGF1)is a critical peptide hormone regulating root stem cell niche maintenance.Previous studies discovered that five closely related leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases(LRRRLKs),named RGF1 INSENSITIVES(RGIs)or RGF1 RECEPTORS(RGFRs),are able to perceive the RGF1 signal and redundantly control root stem cell niche maintenance.RGF1 regulates root meristem activity mainly via two downstream transcription factors,PLETHORA 1(PLT1)and PLT2.Regulatory proteins connecting cell surface RGF1-RGI1 and nuclear PLTs,however,were not identified.Here,we report that the mitogen-activated protein(MAP)kinase kinase 4(MKK4)and MAP kinase 3(MPK3)were coimmunoprecipitated with RGI1-FLAG after Arabidopsis seedlings were treated with RGF1.Genetic and biochemical assays confirmed that MKK4 and MKK5,and their downstream targets MPK3 and MPK6,are essential RG卜dependent regulators of root meristem development.In addition,we found that the MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module functions downstream of YDA,a MAPKKK.Our results demonstrate that RGF1-RGI1 regulate the expression of PLT1/PLT2 via a YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 signaling cascade.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770312,31970339,31900166,and 31471402)the 111 Project(B16022)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2019-ct04 and lzujbky-2020-kb05)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX20180133).
文摘The shoot apical meristem(SAM)and root apical meristem(RAM)act as pools of stem cells that give rise to aboveground and underground tissues and organs in higher plants,respectively.The CLAVATA3(CLV3)-WUSCHEL(WUS)negative-feedback loop acts as a core pathway controlling SAM homeostasis,while CLV3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION(ESR)40(CLE40)and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5(WOX5),homologs of CLV3 and WUS,direct columella stem cell fate.Moreover,CLV3 INSENSITIVE KINASES(CIKs)have been shown to be essential for maintaining SAM homeostasis,whereas whether they regulate the distal root meristem remains to be elucidated.Here,we report that CIKs are indispensable for transducing the CLE40 signal to maintain homeostasis of the distal root meristem.We found that the cik mutant roots displayed disrupted quiescent center and delayed columella stem cell(CSC)differentiation.Biochemical assays demonstrated that CIKs interact with ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY4(ACR4)in a ligand-independent manner and can be phosphorylated by ACR4 in vitro.In addition,the phosphorylation of CIKs can be rapidly induced by CLE40,which partially depends on ACR4.Although CIKs act as conserved and redundant regulators in the SAM and RAM,our results demonstrated that they exhibit differentiated functions in these meristems.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270341,31700245,and 32030005)the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Gansu Province(20JR5RA306)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(2018T111116 and 2016M602889)the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B16022)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2020-32 and lzujbky-2022-kb03).
文摘Photosynthetic efficiency is the primary determinant of crop yield,including vegetative biomass and grain yield.Manipulation of key transcription factors known to directly control photosynthetic machinery can be an effective strategy to improve photosynthetic traits.In this study,we identified an Arabidopsis gain-of-function mutant,cogwheel1-3D,that shows a significantly enlarged rosette and increased biomass compared with wild-type plants.Overexpression of COG1,a Dof transcription factor,recapitulated the phenotype of cogwheel1-3D,whereas knocking out COG1 and its six paralogs resulted in a reduced rosette size and decreased biomass.Transcriptomic and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that COG1 and its paralogs were required for light-induced expression of genes involved in photosynthesis.Further chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that COG1 can directly bind to the promoter regions of multiple genes encoding light-harvesting antenna proteins.Physiological,biochemical,and microscopy analyses revealed that COG1 enhances photosynthetic capacity and starch accumulation in Arabidopsis rosette leaves.Furthermore,combined results of bioinformatic,genetic,and molecular experiments suggested that the functions of COG1 in increasing biomass are conserved in different plant species.These results collectively demonstrated that COG1 acts as a key regulator of plant biomass by promoting photosynthesis and starch accumulation.Manipulating COG1 to optimize photosynthetic capacity would create new strategies for future crop yield improvement.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (C2009001516)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (06-0256)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171170, 30871421, 31771351 and 31400240)the Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (C2015205184)the Hebei Education Department (GCC2014029 and BJ2014040)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (20080430862)
文摘TCP(TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR) proteins, a family of plantspecific transcription factors, play important roles in many developmental processes. However, genetic and functional redundancy among class I TCP limits the analysis of their biological roles. Here, we identified a dominantnegative mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana TCP7 named leaf curling-upward(lcu), which exhibits smaller leaf cells and shorter hypocotyls than the wild type, due to defective endoreplication. A septuple loss-of-function mutant of TCP7, TCP8, TCP14, TCP15, TCP21, TCP22, and TCP23 displayed similar developmental defects to those of lcu.Genome-wide RNA-sequencing showed that lcu and the septuple mutant share many misexpressed genes.Intriguingly, TCP7 directly targets the CYCLIN D1;1 (CYCD1;1) locus and activates its transcription. We determined that the C-terminus of TCP7 accounts for its transcriptional activation activity. Furthermore, the mutant protein LCU exhibited reduced transcriptional activation activity due to the introduction of an EAR-like repressive domain at its C-terminus. Together, these observations indicate that TCP7 plays important roles during leaf and hypocotyl development, redundantly, with at least six class I TCPs, and regulates the expression of CYCD1;1 to affect endoreplication in Arabidopsis.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000594,32170332,and 31970339)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2020-27,lzujbky-2021-kb05,and lzujbky-2022-kb05)+1 种基金the 111 Project(B16022)Lanzhou City’s scientific research funding subsidy to Lanzhou University.
文摘Reproduction is a crucial process in the life span of flowering plants,and directly affects human basic requirements in agriculture,such as grain yield and quality.Typical receptor-like protein kinases(RLKs)are a large family of membrane proteins sensing extracellular signals to regulate plant growth,development,and stress responses.In Arabidopsis thaliana and other plant species,RLK-mediated signaling pathways play essential roles in regulating the reproductive process by sensing different ligand signals.Molecular understanding of the reproductive process is vital from the perspective of controlling male and female fertility.Here,we summarize the roles of RLKs during plant reproduction at the genetic and molecular levels,including RLK-mediated floral organ development,ovule and anther development,and embryogenesis.In addition,the possible molecular regulatory patterns of those RLKs with unrevealed mechanisms during reproductive development are discussed.We also point out the thought-provoking questions raised by the research on these plant RLKs during reproduction for future investigation.
基金the foundation of Westlake University for financial supportThe work at Zhejiang University was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0303002)。
文摘The introduction of carbon interstitials into high-entropy alloys(HEAs)provides an effective way to improve their properties.However,all such HEA systems explored so far are limited to those with the face-centered-cubic(fcc)structure.Here we report the structural,mechanical and physical properties of the refractory(Nb_(0.375)Ta_(0.25)Mo_(0.125)W_(0.125)Re_(0.125))_(100−x)C_(x) HEAs over a wide x range of 0≤x≤20.It is found that,whereas the starting HEA(x=0)is composed of a major body-centered-cubic(bcc)phase with significant impurities,the bcc phase fraction increases with the C concentration and achieves almost 100%at x=20.Moreover,the increase of C content x results in an expansion of the bcc lattice,an enhancement of the microhardness,an increase in residual resistivity and a small variation of density of states at the Fermi level.All these features are consistent with the expectation that carbon atoms occupy the interstitial site.For x≥11.1,the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the bond formation between the carbon and metal atoms,suggesting that some carbon atoms may also reside in the lattice site.In addition,a semiquantitative analysis shows that the enhanced mixing entropy caused by carbon addition plays a key role in stabilizing the(nearly)single solid-solution phase.Our study not only provides the first series of carbon interstitial HEAs with a bcc structure,but also helps to better understand the alloying behavior of carbon in refractory HEAs.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2017YFA0303002).
文摘High-entropy alloys(HEAs)are the focus of current research for their diverse properties,including superconductivity and structural polymorphism.However,the polymorphic transition has been observed only in nonsuperconducting HEAs mostly under high pressure.Here we report the discovery of the superconductivity and temperature-driven polymorphism in(V0.5Nb0.5)3-xMoxAl0.5Ga0.5(0.2≤x≤1.4)HEAs,which are of a single body-centered cubic(bcc)structure for x=0.2 and a mixture of the bcc and A15 structures for higher x values.Upon annealing,the bcc structure undergoes a polymorphic transformation to the A15 one and all HEAs exhibit bulk superconductivity.For the sample with x=0.2,the bcc polymorph is not superconducting down to1.8 K,whereas the A15 polymorph has a superconducting transition temperature Tc of 10.2 K and estimated zero-temperature upper critical field Bc2(0)of 20.1 T,both of which are the highest among HEA superconductors.With increasing Mo content x,both Tc and Bc2(0)of the A15-type HEAs decrease,yet the large ratio of Bc2(0)/Tc signifies a disorder-induced enhancement of the upper critical field over a wide x range.The decrease in Tc is attributed to the decrease in both the electronic specific-heat coefficient and electron-phonon coupling strength.Furthermore,the valence electron count dependence of Tc,which is different from both the binary A15 and other structurally different HEA superconductors,suggests that Tc may be increased further by reducing the number of valence electrons.Our results not only uncover HEA superconductors of a new structural type,but also provide the first example of polymorphism-dependent superconductivity in HEAs.
基金financial support by the foundation of Westlake University and the Service Center for Physical Sciences for technical assistance in SEM measurementssupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12050003)。
基金financial support by the foundation of Westlake Universitysupported by the National Key Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0303002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China。
文摘A new noncentrosymmetric phosphide ThIrP has been synthesized and characterized. X-ray difraction analysis shows that this compound crystallizes in a LaPtSi-type tetragonal lattice(space group I41md, Z = 4), whose lattice parameters are a = b =4.0676(1) ?, c = 14.3354(2) ?, and V = 237.191(8) ?3. Moreover, ThIrP is discovered to be an intermediately coupled,type-Ⅱ superconductor with possibly multiple gaps below Tc= 5.07 K. The upper critical magnetic field, Sommerfield coefficient, and Ginzburg-Laudau parameter are determined based on physical property measurements, which are Bc2= 0.83 T, γ =7.5 mJ mol-1 K-2, and κGL= 7.5, respectively. The electronic band structure calculations point out nearly equal contributions of Ir and Th atoms on the density of states around the Fermi surface. In addition, the spin-orbit coupling induced band splitting reaches as large as 270 meV along the Γ-Z line. Our results suggest that ThIrP provides a platform to study the interplay between inversion-symmetry breaking, strong spin-orbit coupling, and superconductivity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0303002)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant Nos. ZR2019MA036, and ZR2016AQ08)。
文摘We report the superconductivity of a new quaternary compound ThMo_(2)Si_(2)C, synthesized with the arc-melting technique. The compound crystallizes in a tetragonal CeCr_(2)Si_(2)C-type structure with cell parameters of a = 4.2296A and c = 5.3571 A. An interlayer Si–Si covalent bonding is suggested by the atomic distance. The electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate a Pauli-paramagnetic metal with dominant electron-electron scattering in the normal-state. Bulk superconductivity at 2.2 K is demonstrated with a dimensionless specific-heat jump of △C/γnT = 0.98. The superconducting parameters of the critical magnetic fields, coherence length, penetration depth, and superconducting energy gap are given.
基金the NSFC(51702123)Shandong Province Higher Educational Youths Innovation Science and Technol-ogy Program(2019KJA018)+1 种基金the University of Jinan Science and Technology Planning Project(XKY2034)S.H.Yang thanks the start-up research funding from the University of Jinan.
文摘The key challenges in aqueous zinc-manganese dioxide batteries(MnO_(2)//Zn)are their poor electrochemical kinetics and stability,which are mainly due to low conductivity and the inevitable dissolution of MnO_(2).A syn-ergistic combination of a Co-doped𝜎σ-MnO_(2)electrode(Co-MnO_(2))and a Co(CH_(3)COO)_(2)•4H_(2)O(CoAc)electrolyte additive is here developed to design a high-performance aqueous MnO_(2)//Zn battery(denoted as a Co-MnO_(2)//Zn battery with CoAc).The introduction of Co ions(Co^(3+)/Co^(2+))into the𝜎σ-MnO_(2)electrode is achieved via a facile one-step electrodeposition method.Benefitting from the synergistic coupling effect of the Co-MnO_(2)electrode and the CoAc electrolyte additive,the fabricated Co-MnO_(2)//Zn battery with CoAc shows a commendable dis-charge capacity of 313.8 mAh g^(−1)at 0.5 A g^(−1),excellent rate performance,excellent durability over 1000 cycles(∼92%capacity retention at 1.0 A g^(−1))and admirable energy density(439.3 Wh kg^(−1)),which is a significant improvement compared with an un-doped𝜎σ-MnO_(2)//Zn battery.
