Tibetan singing bowls emit low-frequency sounds and produce perceptible harmonic tones and vibrations through manual tapping.The sounds the singing bowls produce have been shown to enhance relaxation and reduce anxiet...Tibetan singing bowls emit low-frequency sounds and produce perceptible harmonic tones and vibrations through manual tapping.The sounds the singing bowls produce have been shown to enhance relaxation and reduce anxiety.However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we used chronic restraint stress or sleep deprivation to establish mouse models of anxiety that exhibit anxiety-like behaviors.We then supplied treatment with singing bowls in a bottomless cage placed on the top of a cushion.We found that unlike in humans,the combination of harmonic tones and vibrations did not improve anxietylike behaviors in mice,while individual vibration components did.Additionally,the vibration of singing bowls increased the level of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 in the somatosensory cortex and prefrontal cortex of the mice,decreased the level ofγ-aminobutyric acid A(GABA)receptorα1 subtype,reduced the level of CaMKII in the prefrontal cortex,and increased the number of GABAergic interneurons.At the same time,electrophysiological tests showed that the vibration of singing bowls significantly reduced the abnormal low-frequency gamma oscillation peak frequency in the medial prefrontal cortex caused by stress restraint pressure and sleep deprivation.Results from this study indicate that the vibration of singing bowls can alleviate anxiety-like behaviors by reducing abnormal molecular and electrophysiological events in somatosensory and medial prefrontal cortex.展开更多
In the 2016 EAST experimental campaign,a steady-state long-pulse H-mode discharge with an ITER-like tungsten divertor lasting longer than one minute has been obtained using only RF heating and current drive,through an...In the 2016 EAST experimental campaign,a steady-state long-pulse H-mode discharge with an ITER-like tungsten divertor lasting longer than one minute has been obtained using only RF heating and current drive,through an integrated control of the wall conditioning,plasma configuration,divertor heat flux,particle exhaust,impurity management,and effective coupling of multiple RF heating and current drive sources at high injected power.The plasma current（Ip - 0.45 MA） was fully-noninductively driven（Vloop 〈 0.0 V） by a combination of-2.5 MW LHW,-0.4 MW ECH and -0.8 MW ICRF.This result demonstrates the progress of physics and technology studies on EAST,and will benefit the physics basis for steady state operation of ITER and CFETR.展开更多
Ion cyclotron wave resonance heating system(ICRH)which is one of the most important auxiliary system in EAST provides conditions for heating the plasma.In order to make the whole transmission network of ICRH form the ...Ion cyclotron wave resonance heating system(ICRH)which is one of the most important auxiliary system in EAST provides conditions for heating the plasma.In order to make the whole transmission network of ICRH form the required state,the coaxial switching system was developed,which mainly consists of 11 same coaxial switches.Each coaxial switch has a controller with an RS485 communication interface and is able to switch between two states.All controllers are integrated to an RS485 hub which connects to the computer.A master computer software is developed to control the coaxial switching system so as to achieve the state needs of ICRH.Moreover,several rounds of experiments show that the coaxial switching system operates reliably.The coaxial switching system has already been applied to normal use currently.展开更多
Ion cyclotron range of frequency（ICRF） heating has been used in tokamaks as one of the most successful auxiliary heating tools and has been adopted in the EAST. However, the antenna load will fluctuate with the chan...Ion cyclotron range of frequency（ICRF） heating has been used in tokamaks as one of the most successful auxiliary heating tools and has been adopted in the EAST. However, the antenna load will fluctuate with the change of plasma parameters in the ICRF heating process. To ensure the steady operation of the ICRF heating system in the EAST, fast ferrite tuner（FFT） has been carried out to achieve real-time impedance matching. For the requirements of the FFT impedance matching system, the magnet system of the ferrite tuner（FT） was designed by numerical simulations and experimental analysis, where the biasing magnetic circuit and alternating magnetic circuit were the key researched parts of the ferrite magnet. The integral design goal of the FT magnetic circuit is that DC bias magnetic field is 2000 Gs and alternating magnetic field is±400 Gs. In the FTT, E-type magnetic circuit was adopted. Ferrite material is Nd Fe B with a thickness of 30 mm by setting the working point of Nd Fe B, and the ampere turn of excitation coil is 25 through the theoretical calculation and simulation analysis. The coil inductance to generate alternating magnetic field is about 7 m H. Eddy-current effect has been analyzed, while the magnetic field distribution has been measured by a Hall probe in the medium plane of the biasing magnet. Finally, the test results show the good performance of the biasing magnet satisfying the design and operating requirements of the FFT.展开更多
Heavy metals present in soil and water naturally or as contaminants from human activities can cause bioaccumulation affecting the entire ecosystem and pose harmful health consequences in all life forms. Some famous no...Heavy metals present in soil and water naturally or as contaminants from human activities can cause bioaccumulation affecting the entire ecosystem and pose harmful health consequences in all life forms. Some famous non-food hyperaccumulators such as Thlaspi caerulescens, Sedum alfredii, Pteris vittata, Arabidopsis halleri and Athyrium yokoscense are of very little economic value, making it difficult for them to be used for phytoremediation. In this paper, the influence of heavy metals Cu, Ni, Zn, Hg, Cr, Pb and Cd on seed germination and early seedling growth in oil crop Eruca sativa was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Our results indicated that among the 7 heavy metals tested, only Ni at higher concentrations (1 mM and above) significantly decreased the Eruca seed germination in a dose-dependent manner. All heavy metals except Zn and Ni decreased the root length first, then the shoot length or the fresh seedling weight, and seed germination was always the last to be influenced. With Ni, the root length, shoot length and fresh seedling weight were stimulated when Ni concentrations were under 1 mM;with Zn, the root length, shoot length and fresh seedling weight were increased by all concentrations tested (0.20 - 5.0 mM). Our results indicated that Eruca is tolerant or moderately tolerant to Cu, Hg, Cr, and Cd and highly tolerant to Pb, Ni and Zn, and can be developed as an industrial oil crop for phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals.展开更多
A multi-voltage probe array system is designed to measure the coupling resistance of an ion cyclotron resonance frequency antenna. In the process of the antenna coupling resistance data extraction, the minimization al...A multi-voltage probe array system is designed to measure the coupling resistance of an ion cyclotron resonance frequency antenna. In the process of the antenna coupling resistance data extraction, the minimization algorithm, the original Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, is replaced by the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm to achieve more stable and accurate results. Moreover, a simple model of the multi-voltage probe array was applied to simulate the performance of the Kalman filter, and to optimize the distance and position of the probes and probe number to mitigate the influence of the system noise on the rebuilt results. During the EAST experiment in 2019, a four-voltage probe array was applied to measure the coupling resistance of line 6 during high confined mode discharge. The measurement results by the multivoltage probe array system and the voltage/current probe pair show a good agreement.展开更多
The Ion Cyclotron Radio Frequency(ICRF)heating antenna on EAST adopts a decoupling device to constrain power coupling among the radiation straps,which was discovered shortcomings such as long size,poor contact,and etc...The Ion Cyclotron Radio Frequency(ICRF)heating antenna on EAST adopts a decoupling device to constrain power coupling among the radiation straps,which was discovered shortcomings such as long size,poor contact,and etc.In order to improve these weak points,a new type decoupler with terminal-loaded tunable capacitor is designed to replace the previous design.Besides the capability of the tunable admittance parameters of decoupler,the withstand voltage of the capacitor is the most significant consideration for working under high power.Therefore,the theoretical analysis carefully elaborates the capacitor withstand voltage,and the detailed analytical equations and criteria for design are given.After the comparative analysis of theoretical calculation and 3D simulation results,the decoupler design scheme is finalized.The capacitor-loaded decoupler has been successfully adopted for ICRF antenna at port N on EAST,and achieved the optimization of adjacent port isolation from-22 to-58 dB at 37 MHz without plasma to restrict mutual coupling.The new design of the decoupler has greatly improved its compactness and automatic adjustment performance,and could be good solution for the decoupling network of ICRF antennas.展开更多
A three-stageflue gas hydrate-based desalination system was designed using liquefied natural gas(LNG)cold energy.This system could increase the CO_(2)amount-of-substance fraction in theflue gas from 17%to 97%and produce...A three-stageflue gas hydrate-based desalination system was designed using liquefied natural gas(LNG)cold energy.This system could increase the CO_(2)amount-of-substance fraction in theflue gas from 17%to 97%and produce desalinated water with a desalting rate of approximately 95%.Four system operating plans were simulated as follows:CO_(2)+N_(2)+seawater at 0.6 MPa,CO_(2)+N_(2)+seawater at 3 MPa,CO_(2)+N_(2)+tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide(TBAB)+seawater at 0.6 MPa,and CO_(2)+N_(2)+tetrahydrofuran(THF)+seawater at 0.6 MPa.The energy consumption,LNG cold energy consumption,energy loss,and environmental friendliness were calculated and analyzed.The compression energy consumption was the highest contributor to the total energy consumption,and the highest percentage of total energy loss was heat exchange loss.Reducing the formation pressure in thefirst stage effectively reduced the total energy consumption,LNG cold energy consumption,and energy loss by 21.28%,24.41%,and 23.99%,respectively.Addition of TBAB/THF reduced the total energy consumption,LNG cold energy consumption,and energy loss by 18.45%/17.88%,32.30%/32.73%,and 24.65%/23.54%,respectively.The CO_(2)+CO_(2)+N_(2)+seawater operation at 0.6 MPa did not produce pollution.The CO_(2)+N_(2)+seawater operation at 3 MPa had the highest total energy consumption and LNG cold energy consumption.Operation with TBAB/THF had obvious advantages in terms of total energy consumption but suffered from the generation of pollution.Comprehensive analysis indicated that the CO_(2)+N_(2)+seawater operation at 0.6 MPa was the optimum system.展开更多
Laccase has demonstrated potential for the treatment of hazardous pollutants;however,its widespread application is hindered by stability issues.In contrast,nanozymes,with their remarkable stability,present a promising...Laccase has demonstrated potential for the treatment of hazardous pollutants;however,its widespread application is hindered by stability issues.In contrast,nanozymes,with their remarkable stability,present a promising alternative.In this study,we developed silicon-anchored Cu^(0)/CuO_(x)nanozymes exhibiting laccase-like activity for the oxidation removal of phenols and dyes.The valence states of the copper species,which emerged through spontaneous oxidation,played a crucial role in creating a heterogeneous interface,exerting a significant impact on the catalytic efficacy of the copper nanozymes.By employing density functional theory(DFT)calculations,we revealed that the existence of a local built-in electric field(BIEF)among the heterogeneous components facilitated the cyclic consumption of Cu^(0)and the migration of lattice oxygen.This dynamic interplay modulated the levels of Cu^(+)and oxygen vacancies(OVs),thereby allowing for sustained catalytic performance within a defined period.Our findings underscore the importance of valence engineering in the rational design of nanozymes and highlight their potential as efficient catalysts for advancing environmental sustainability.展开更多
This paper employs dynamic spatial econometric methods to analyze the impact of the sister-city relationship on Chinese outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)using a linked country-level dataset from 2003 to 2016.The...This paper employs dynamic spatial econometric methods to analyze the impact of the sister-city relationship on Chinese outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)using a linked country-level dataset from 2003 to 2016.The results show strong and robust evidence that the sister-city relationship has been a crucial OFDI location determinant in host countries and their neighbors.Specifically,the sister-city tie between China and the host country has stimulated Chinese OFDI in host countries.Moreover,Chinese OFDI in host countries would be reduced if China concluded sister-city ties with their neighbors to which we refer as the neighboring effect.Further mechanism tests show that sister cities have promoted OFDI in host countries via four channels:reducing political risk,decreasing information asymmetry,narrowing institutional distance,and mitigating cultural differences.This tendency for sister-city links to promote OFDI has varied substantially depending on OFDI entry modes(i.e.,greenfield or cross-border mergers and acquisitions),motivation(i.e.,resource-,market-,technology-,or efficiency-oriented OFDI),and Sino–foreign geographical relationships(i.e.,Belt and Road Initiative countries or other countries).展开更多
Objective:The Minhang district of Shanghai was selected as the subject and its public health management model was investigated.Methods:Minhang became a pilot location for the implementation of the general practitioner...Objective:The Minhang district of Shanghai was selected as the subject and its public health management model was investigated.Methods:Minhang became a pilot location for the implementation of the general practitioner responsibility system(GPRS)in 2011.Since then,the management model of public health services in the district has gradually merged with the GPRS through a series of actions:the adjustment of organizations and the coordination mechanism in community public health services,the integration of basic public health services and clinic practice,the establishment of an informationized Internet service platform,comprehensive budgeting management of public health service programs,and performance assessment management of health workers.Results:By the end of 2014,the number of residents who had a contractual relationship with a general practitioner(GP)in Minhang had reached 1.4367 million and all of them had family health records.Compared with 2010,both the rate of maternal management and the rate of children management stayed at high level(≥96%),the rate of hypertension management increased(40.73%vs.28.70%),the rate of blood pressure control increased(82.13%vs.77.51%),the incidence of diabetes decreased(21.93%vs.37.85%),the rate of effective control of blood glucose for dia-betic patients increased(82.43%vs.62.77%),and the rate of child health management increased(99.79%vs.91.54%).Conclusion:The GPRS has helped to create a better community health environment.How-ever,the development of this system is limited by several factors,including the following:the shortage of GPs,most GPs do not have good public health service skills and a correct public health concept,unclear division of different services,and imperfect department coordination.展开更多
The control of large edge localized modes(ELMs) is a critical issue for the successful operation of future burning plasma devices,such as the international thermonuclear experimental reactor(ITER) and China fusion eng...The control of large edge localized modes(ELMs) is a critical issue for the successful operation of future burning plasma devices,such as the international thermonuclear experimental reactor(ITER) and China fusion engineering test reactor(CFETR). In this paper, we present a new active and effective means of ELM suppression using ion cyclotron resonant heating(ICRH) on the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak(EAST). We obtained the key role of the external E × B velocity shear near the pedestal top and the scrape-off-layer(SOL) induced by the RF sheath potential of ICRH in ELM suppression. The experimental results showed a positive correlation between the RF sheath and the E × B shear rate in SOL. BOUT++ simulations indicate that increased E × B velocity shear rates in the pedestal and SOL regions promote ELM suppression;thereby, supporting the experimental observations on EAST. These findings suggest a new simple approach to access the ELM suppressed regimes in plasma with low torque input as ITER baseline discharges.展开更多
The positive relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem productivity have been broadly recognized in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems,such as grasslands.However,remotely sensed assessment of functional diversi...The positive relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem productivity have been broadly recognized in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems,such as grasslands.However,remotely sensed assessment of functional diversity(FD)and its relationships with productivity across large regions are less studied in grasslands.In this study,we first examined the potential of spectral retrieval of 13 leaf functional traits from a species spectra-trait library to complement field measurements across three types of grassland communities in the Xinlingol grassland located in northern China.We then pre-selected the key traits out of 13 functional traits from 1664 plant individuals of 112 species to calculate in-situ productivity-related FD,and explored the multi-scale relationships of single-trait community weighed mean(CWM)and FD index(Rao’s quadratic entropy,RaoQ)with ecosystem productivity at plot level(1 m×1 m)and site level(30 m×30 m),respectively.Finally,we applied Sentinel-2 satellite data to infer regional FD through statistical relationships with direct spectral association using partial least squares regression(PLSR).With the leaf spectral prediction(cross-validation R^(2) cv=0.48-0.81)and in-situ measurement,CWM of organic acid detergent fiber(ADF),phosphorus(P),specific leaf area(SLA),chlorophyll(Chl),lignin(Lig)and carbon(C)together with RaoQ of ADF,C,N,Chl,SLA,and calcium(Ca)were selected to explain changes in ecosystem productivity(80%)at the plot level,while CWM of Car,Chl,Lig,NDF,NSC,P,and SLA together with RaoQ of C,SLA and non-structural carbohydrates(NSC)were selected to indicate productivity(94%)at site level.Furthermore,we found the combination of single-trait CWM(60%)outperformed that of RaoQ(34%)in determining ecosystem productivity at the site level compared with their almost equal contributions at plot level.At the regional scale,Sentinel-2 data could be used to infer these selected single-trait CWM and RaoQ values(R^(2) cv=0.32-0.82)and biomass(R^(2) cv=0.76),except for CWM and RaoQ of C(R^(2) cv=0.12-0.18).This study underscores the potential of Sentinel-2 satellite with leaf spectral measurements to monitor grassland functional diversity,informing the linkages between functional diversity and ecosystem functioning at regional scale.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNos.32170950(to LY),31970915(to LY),31871170(to CL)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province for Major Cultivation ProjectNo.2018B030336001(to LY)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,Nos.2021A1515010804(to CL),2023A1515010899(to CL)the Guangdong Grant‘Key Technologies for Treatment of Brain Disorders’No.2018B030332001(to CL)。
文摘Tibetan singing bowls emit low-frequency sounds and produce perceptible harmonic tones and vibrations through manual tapping.The sounds the singing bowls produce have been shown to enhance relaxation and reduce anxiety.However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we used chronic restraint stress or sleep deprivation to establish mouse models of anxiety that exhibit anxiety-like behaviors.We then supplied treatment with singing bowls in a bottomless cage placed on the top of a cushion.We found that unlike in humans,the combination of harmonic tones and vibrations did not improve anxietylike behaviors in mice,while individual vibration components did.Additionally,the vibration of singing bowls increased the level of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 in the somatosensory cortex and prefrontal cortex of the mice,decreased the level ofγ-aminobutyric acid A(GABA)receptorα1 subtype,reduced the level of CaMKII in the prefrontal cortex,and increased the number of GABAergic interneurons.At the same time,electrophysiological tests showed that the vibration of singing bowls significantly reduced the abnormal low-frequency gamma oscillation peak frequency in the medial prefrontal cortex caused by stress restraint pressure and sleep deprivation.Results from this study indicate that the vibration of singing bowls can alleviate anxiety-like behaviors by reducing abnormal molecular and electrophysiological events in somatosensory and medial prefrontal cortex.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Conlinement Fusion Science Program of China(Nos.2015GB102000 and 2015GB103000)
文摘In the 2016 EAST experimental campaign,a steady-state long-pulse H-mode discharge with an ITER-like tungsten divertor lasting longer than one minute has been obtained using only RF heating and current drive,through an integrated control of the wall conditioning,plasma configuration,divertor heat flux,particle exhaust,impurity management,and effective coupling of multiple RF heating and current drive sources at high injected power.The plasma current（Ip - 0.45 MA） was fully-noninductively driven（Vloop 〈 0.0 V） by a combination of-2.5 MW LHW,-0.4 MW ECH and -0.8 MW ICRF.This result demonstrates the progress of physics and technology studies on EAST,and will benefit the physics basis for steady state operation of ITER and CFETR.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11575237,11775258)National Key Research and Development Program(Nos.2016YFA0400600 and 2016YFA0400601)China Fusion Engineering Experimental Reactor General Integration and Engineering Design(No.2017YFE0300503).
文摘Ion cyclotron wave resonance heating system(ICRH)which is one of the most important auxiliary system in EAST provides conditions for heating the plasma.In order to make the whole transmission network of ICRH form the required state,the coaxial switching system was developed,which mainly consists of 11 same coaxial switches.Each coaxial switch has a controller with an RS485 communication interface and is able to switch between two states.All controllers are integrated to an RS485 hub which connects to the computer.A master computer software is developed to control the coaxial switching system so as to achieve the state needs of ICRH.Moreover,several rounds of experiments show that the coaxial switching system operates reliably.The coaxial switching system has already been applied to normal use currently.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11575237)the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program(Grant No.2015GB101001)the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Anhui(Grant No.1704e1002207)
文摘Ion cyclotron range of frequency（ICRF） heating has been used in tokamaks as one of the most successful auxiliary heating tools and has been adopted in the EAST. However, the antenna load will fluctuate with the change of plasma parameters in the ICRF heating process. To ensure the steady operation of the ICRF heating system in the EAST, fast ferrite tuner（FFT） has been carried out to achieve real-time impedance matching. For the requirements of the FFT impedance matching system, the magnet system of the ferrite tuner（FT） was designed by numerical simulations and experimental analysis, where the biasing magnetic circuit and alternating magnetic circuit were the key researched parts of the ferrite magnet. The integral design goal of the FT magnetic circuit is that DC bias magnetic field is 2000 Gs and alternating magnetic field is±400 Gs. In the FTT, E-type magnetic circuit was adopted. Ferrite material is Nd Fe B with a thickness of 30 mm by setting the working point of Nd Fe B, and the ampere turn of excitation coil is 25 through the theoretical calculation and simulation analysis. The coil inductance to generate alternating magnetic field is about 7 m H. Eddy-current effect has been analyzed, while the magnetic field distribution has been measured by a Hall probe in the medium plane of the biasing magnet. Finally, the test results show the good performance of the biasing magnet satisfying the design and operating requirements of the FFT.
文摘Heavy metals present in soil and water naturally or as contaminants from human activities can cause bioaccumulation affecting the entire ecosystem and pose harmful health consequences in all life forms. Some famous non-food hyperaccumulators such as Thlaspi caerulescens, Sedum alfredii, Pteris vittata, Arabidopsis halleri and Athyrium yokoscense are of very little economic value, making it difficult for them to be used for phytoremediation. In this paper, the influence of heavy metals Cu, Ni, Zn, Hg, Cr, Pb and Cd on seed germination and early seedling growth in oil crop Eruca sativa was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Our results indicated that among the 7 heavy metals tested, only Ni at higher concentrations (1 mM and above) significantly decreased the Eruca seed germination in a dose-dependent manner. All heavy metals except Zn and Ni decreased the root length first, then the shoot length or the fresh seedling weight, and seed germination was always the last to be influenced. With Ni, the root length, shoot length and fresh seedling weight were stimulated when Ni concentrations were under 1 mM;with Zn, the root length, shoot length and fresh seedling weight were increased by all concentrations tested (0.20 - 5.0 mM). Our results indicated that Eruca is tolerant or moderately tolerant to Cu, Hg, Cr, and Cd and highly tolerant to Pb, Ni and Zn, and can be developed as an industrial oil crop for phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals.
基金China Fusion Engineering Experimental Reactor General Integration and Engineering Design (No. 2017YFE0300503)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11775258)the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology Program of China (No. 2018-000052-73-01-001228)。
文摘A multi-voltage probe array system is designed to measure the coupling resistance of an ion cyclotron resonance frequency antenna. In the process of the antenna coupling resistance data extraction, the minimization algorithm, the original Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, is replaced by the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm to achieve more stable and accurate results. Moreover, a simple model of the multi-voltage probe array was applied to simulate the performance of the Kalman filter, and to optimize the distance and position of the probes and probe number to mitigate the influence of the system noise on the rebuilt results. During the EAST experiment in 2019, a four-voltage probe array was applied to measure the coupling resistance of line 6 during high confined mode discharge. The measurement results by the multivoltage probe array system and the voltage/current probe pair show a good agreement.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11775258)。
文摘The Ion Cyclotron Radio Frequency(ICRF)heating antenna on EAST adopts a decoupling device to constrain power coupling among the radiation straps,which was discovered shortcomings such as long size,poor contact,and etc.In order to improve these weak points,a new type decoupler with terminal-loaded tunable capacitor is designed to replace the previous design.Besides the capability of the tunable admittance parameters of decoupler,the withstand voltage of the capacitor is the most significant consideration for working under high power.Therefore,the theoretical analysis carefully elaborates the capacitor withstand voltage,and the detailed analytical equations and criteria for design are given.After the comparative analysis of theoretical calculation and 3D simulation results,the decoupler design scheme is finalized.The capacitor-loaded decoupler has been successfully adopted for ICRF antenna at port N on EAST,and achieved the optimization of adjacent port isolation from-22 to-58 dB at 37 MHz without plasma to restrict mutual coupling.The new design of the decoupler has greatly improved its compactness and automatic adjustment performance,and could be good solution for the decoupling network of ICRF antennas.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(52074165)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019ME116)Source Innovation Special Project of Qingdao West Coast New Area(2020-93).
文摘A three-stageflue gas hydrate-based desalination system was designed using liquefied natural gas(LNG)cold energy.This system could increase the CO_(2)amount-of-substance fraction in theflue gas from 17%to 97%and produce desalinated water with a desalting rate of approximately 95%.Four system operating plans were simulated as follows:CO_(2)+N_(2)+seawater at 0.6 MPa,CO_(2)+N_(2)+seawater at 3 MPa,CO_(2)+N_(2)+tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide(TBAB)+seawater at 0.6 MPa,and CO_(2)+N_(2)+tetrahydrofuran(THF)+seawater at 0.6 MPa.The energy consumption,LNG cold energy consumption,energy loss,and environmental friendliness were calculated and analyzed.The compression energy consumption was the highest contributor to the total energy consumption,and the highest percentage of total energy loss was heat exchange loss.Reducing the formation pressure in thefirst stage effectively reduced the total energy consumption,LNG cold energy consumption,and energy loss by 21.28%,24.41%,and 23.99%,respectively.Addition of TBAB/THF reduced the total energy consumption,LNG cold energy consumption,and energy loss by 18.45%/17.88%,32.30%/32.73%,and 24.65%/23.54%,respectively.The CO_(2)+CO_(2)+N_(2)+seawater operation at 0.6 MPa did not produce pollution.The CO_(2)+N_(2)+seawater operation at 3 MPa had the highest total energy consumption and LNG cold energy consumption.Operation with TBAB/THF had obvious advantages in terms of total energy consumption but suffered from the generation of pollution.Comprehensive analysis indicated that the CO_(2)+N_(2)+seawater operation at 0.6 MPa was the optimum system.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82172100)the Project of Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province,China(Nos.20200801015GH,20210402039GH,and 20220101299JC)Houston Methodist Academic Institute(Liu and Zhang).
文摘Laccase has demonstrated potential for the treatment of hazardous pollutants;however,its widespread application is hindered by stability issues.In contrast,nanozymes,with their remarkable stability,present a promising alternative.In this study,we developed silicon-anchored Cu^(0)/CuO_(x)nanozymes exhibiting laccase-like activity for the oxidation removal of phenols and dyes.The valence states of the copper species,which emerged through spontaneous oxidation,played a crucial role in creating a heterogeneous interface,exerting a significant impact on the catalytic efficacy of the copper nanozymes.By employing density functional theory(DFT)calculations,we revealed that the existence of a local built-in electric field(BIEF)among the heterogeneous components facilitated the cyclic consumption of Cu^(0)and the migration of lattice oxygen.This dynamic interplay modulated the levels of Cu^(+)and oxygen vacancies(OVs),thereby allowing for sustained catalytic performance within a defined period.Our findings underscore the importance of valence engineering in the rational design of nanozymes and highlight their potential as efficient catalysts for advancing environmental sustainability.
基金the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.20CJL012).
文摘This paper employs dynamic spatial econometric methods to analyze the impact of the sister-city relationship on Chinese outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)using a linked country-level dataset from 2003 to 2016.The results show strong and robust evidence that the sister-city relationship has been a crucial OFDI location determinant in host countries and their neighbors.Specifically,the sister-city tie between China and the host country has stimulated Chinese OFDI in host countries.Moreover,Chinese OFDI in host countries would be reduced if China concluded sister-city ties with their neighbors to which we refer as the neighboring effect.Further mechanism tests show that sister cities have promoted OFDI in host countries via four channels:reducing political risk,decreasing information asymmetry,narrowing institutional distance,and mitigating cultural differences.This tendency for sister-city links to promote OFDI has varied substantially depending on OFDI entry modes(i.e.,greenfield or cross-border mergers and acquisitions),motivation(i.e.,resource-,market-,technology-,or efficiency-oriented OFDI),and Sino–foreign geographical relationships(i.e.,Belt and Road Initiative countries or other countries).
基金General program of Shanghai Health and Family Planning CommitteeShanghai Hospital Management Research Foundation Bureau level topic(2014032)-Research for General Practitioner Responsibility System,Outsourcing of Public Health Service and Service Coordination Mechanism.
文摘Objective:The Minhang district of Shanghai was selected as the subject and its public health management model was investigated.Methods:Minhang became a pilot location for the implementation of the general practitioner responsibility system(GPRS)in 2011.Since then,the management model of public health services in the district has gradually merged with the GPRS through a series of actions:the adjustment of organizations and the coordination mechanism in community public health services,the integration of basic public health services and clinic practice,the establishment of an informationized Internet service platform,comprehensive budgeting management of public health service programs,and performance assessment management of health workers.Results:By the end of 2014,the number of residents who had a contractual relationship with a general practitioner(GP)in Minhang had reached 1.4367 million and all of them had family health records.Compared with 2010,both the rate of maternal management and the rate of children management stayed at high level(≥96%),the rate of hypertension management increased(40.73%vs.28.70%),the rate of blood pressure control increased(82.13%vs.77.51%),the incidence of diabetes decreased(21.93%vs.37.85%),the rate of effective control of blood glucose for dia-betic patients increased(82.43%vs.62.77%),and the rate of child health management increased(99.79%vs.91.54%).Conclusion:The GPRS has helped to create a better community health environment.How-ever,the development of this system is limited by several factors,including the following:the shortage of GPs,most GPs do not have good public health service skills and a correct public health concept,unclear division of different services,and imperfect department coordination.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant Nos.2016YFA0400600,and 2016YFA0400601)the National MCF Energy R&D Program(Grant No.2018YFE0311200)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11975265,and U1967206)the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology Program of China(Grant No.2018-000052-73-01-001228)。
文摘The control of large edge localized modes(ELMs) is a critical issue for the successful operation of future burning plasma devices,such as the international thermonuclear experimental reactor(ITER) and China fusion engineering test reactor(CFETR). In this paper, we present a new active and effective means of ELM suppression using ion cyclotron resonant heating(ICRH) on the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak(EAST). We obtained the key role of the external E × B velocity shear near the pedestal top and the scrape-off-layer(SOL) induced by the RF sheath potential of ICRH in ELM suppression. The experimental results showed a positive correlation between the RF sheath and the E × B shear rate in SOL. BOUT++ simulations indicate that increased E × B velocity shear rates in the pedestal and SOL regions promote ELM suppression;thereby, supporting the experimental observations on EAST. These findings suggest a new simple approach to access the ELM suppressed regimes in plasma with low torque input as ITER baseline discharges.
基金supported by the Key Science&Technology Special Program of Inner Mongolia(2021ZD0011-04)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23080303)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41801230).
文摘The positive relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem productivity have been broadly recognized in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems,such as grasslands.However,remotely sensed assessment of functional diversity(FD)and its relationships with productivity across large regions are less studied in grasslands.In this study,we first examined the potential of spectral retrieval of 13 leaf functional traits from a species spectra-trait library to complement field measurements across three types of grassland communities in the Xinlingol grassland located in northern China.We then pre-selected the key traits out of 13 functional traits from 1664 plant individuals of 112 species to calculate in-situ productivity-related FD,and explored the multi-scale relationships of single-trait community weighed mean(CWM)and FD index(Rao’s quadratic entropy,RaoQ)with ecosystem productivity at plot level(1 m×1 m)and site level(30 m×30 m),respectively.Finally,we applied Sentinel-2 satellite data to infer regional FD through statistical relationships with direct spectral association using partial least squares regression(PLSR).With the leaf spectral prediction(cross-validation R^(2) cv=0.48-0.81)and in-situ measurement,CWM of organic acid detergent fiber(ADF),phosphorus(P),specific leaf area(SLA),chlorophyll(Chl),lignin(Lig)and carbon(C)together with RaoQ of ADF,C,N,Chl,SLA,and calcium(Ca)were selected to explain changes in ecosystem productivity(80%)at the plot level,while CWM of Car,Chl,Lig,NDF,NSC,P,and SLA together with RaoQ of C,SLA and non-structural carbohydrates(NSC)were selected to indicate productivity(94%)at site level.Furthermore,we found the combination of single-trait CWM(60%)outperformed that of RaoQ(34%)in determining ecosystem productivity at the site level compared with their almost equal contributions at plot level.At the regional scale,Sentinel-2 data could be used to infer these selected single-trait CWM and RaoQ values(R^(2) cv=0.32-0.82)and biomass(R^(2) cv=0.76),except for CWM and RaoQ of C(R^(2) cv=0.12-0.18).This study underscores the potential of Sentinel-2 satellite with leaf spectral measurements to monitor grassland functional diversity,informing the linkages between functional diversity and ecosystem functioning at regional scale.
