In a broad sense,ethnic medicine includes Han traditional Chinese medicine,folk medicine and ethnic minority medicine;ethnic medicine in a narrow sense refers to ethnic minority medicine.It is a medicine developed by ...In a broad sense,ethnic medicine includes Han traditional Chinese medicine,folk medicine and ethnic minority medicine;ethnic medicine in a narrow sense refers to ethnic minority medicine.It is a medicine developed by ethnic minorities in order to survive and reproduce and in the process of fighting diseases.Culture,based on its own language,life experience and cultural traditions,has its own understanding and theoretical system of disease naming,etiology and pathogenesis,treatment principles and treatment methods,which is a major feature of my country’s medical care.Among them,ethnic medicine has unique advantages and good clinical efficacy in the prevention and treatment of cholelithiasis.Therefore,this paper focuses on summarizing the characteristic theories and diagnosis and treatment experience of Tibetan medicine,Mongolian medicine,Miao medicine,Yao medicine,and Beijing medicine in ethnic medicine by sorting out and summarizing the relevant materials in this regard,so as to provide new ideas for improving the treatment of cholelithiasis and enriching clinical drug selection.展开更多
Plant high-affinity K^(+) transporters(HKTs)mediate Na^(+) and K^(+) uptake,maintain Na^(+)/K^(+) homeostasis,and therefore play crucial roles in plant salt tolerance.In this study,we present cryoelectron microscopy s...Plant high-affinity K^(+) transporters(HKTs)mediate Na^(+) and K^(+) uptake,maintain Na^(+)/K^(+) homeostasis,and therefore play crucial roles in plant salt tolerance.In this study,we present cryoelectron microscopy structures of HKTs from two classes,classI HKT1;1 from Arabidopsis thaliana(AtHKT1;1)and class II HKT2;1 from Triticum aestivum(TaHKT2;1),in both Na^(+) -and K^(+) -bound states at 2.6-to 3.0-A resolutions.BothAtHKT1;1and TaHKT2;1function ashomodimers.Each HKT subunit consists of four tan-dem domain units(D1-D4)with a repeated K^(+) -channel-like M-P-M topology.In each subunit,D1-D4 assemble into an ion conduction pore with a pseudo-four-fold symmetry.Although both TaHKT2;1and AtHKT1;1 have only one putative Na^(+) ion bound in the selectivity filter with a similar coordination pattern,the two HKTs display different K^(+) binding modes in the filter.TaHKT2;1 has three K^(+) ions bound in the selec-tivity filter,but AtHKT1;1 has only two K^(+) ions bound in the filter,which has a narrowed external entrance due to the presence of a Ser residue in the first filter motif.These structures,along with compu-tational,mutational,and electrophysiological analyses,enable us to pinpoint key residues that are critical for the ion selectivity of HKTs.The findings provide new insights into the ion selectivity and ion transport mechanisms of plant HKTs and improve our understanding about how HKTs mediate plant salt tolerance and enhance crop growth.展开更多
Ion channel activation upon ligand gating triggers a myriad of biological events and,therefore,evolution of ligand gating mechanism is of fundamental importance.TRPM2,a typical ancient ion channel,is activated by aden...Ion channel activation upon ligand gating triggers a myriad of biological events and,therefore,evolution of ligand gating mechanism is of fundamental importance.TRPM2,a typical ancient ion channel,is activated by adenosine diphosphate ribose(ADPR)and calcium and its activation has evolved from a simple mode in invertebrates to a more complex one in vertebrates,but the evolutionary process is still unknown.Molecular evolutionary analysis of TRPM2s from more than 280 different animal species has revealed that,the C-terminal NUDT9-H domain has evolved from an enzyme to a ligand binding site for activation,while the N-terminal MHR domain maintains a conserved ligand binding site.Calcium gating pattern has also evolved,from one Ca^(2+)-binding site as in sea anemones to three sites as in human.Importantly,we identified a new group represented by olTRPM2,which has a novel gating mode and fills the missing link of the channel gating evolution.We conclude that the TRPM2 ligand binding or activation mode evolved through at least three identifiable stages in the past billion years from simple to complicated and coordinated.Such findings benefit the evolutionary investigations of other channels and proteins.展开更多
Through precisely measured data of field outcrops,wells logging data and samples analytical data in the research area,it is considered that the topography of the sedimentary period of Xiaoheba formation is relatively ...Through precisely measured data of field outcrops,wells logging data and samples analytical data in the research area,it is considered that the topography of the sedimentary period of Xiaoheba formation is relatively flat,the water flow is shallow and wide and the fluctuation is frequent,the supply of source is abundant,and it has favorable sedimentary conditions to forming shallow-river fluvial-dominated delta.The delta in the research area is a distal-basin sedimentary,and due to multiple branches and long extension of the river channel,there are large area of delta front sand deposits with fine grained development,high maturity and underwater environment existed within the research area.The Xiaoheba formation in the Jiannan-Fuling three-dimensional seismic region has the obvious characteristics of strong peak progradation reflection.Based on the above analysis,the sedimentary mode of shallow-river fluvial-dominated delta of Xiaoheba formation of Southeastern Sichuan Basin is established and the reservoir forming conditions are discussed.It is considered that the Xiaoheba formation has excellent hydrocarbon source,high-quality reservoirs and effective migration channel.This research has certain guiding significance for the next stage of tight marine clastic rocks oil and gas exploration of Southeastern Sichuan Basin.展开更多
文摘In a broad sense,ethnic medicine includes Han traditional Chinese medicine,folk medicine and ethnic minority medicine;ethnic medicine in a narrow sense refers to ethnic minority medicine.It is a medicine developed by ethnic minorities in order to survive and reproduce and in the process of fighting diseases.Culture,based on its own language,life experience and cultural traditions,has its own understanding and theoretical system of disease naming,etiology and pathogenesis,treatment principles and treatment methods,which is a major feature of my country’s medical care.Among them,ethnic medicine has unique advantages and good clinical efficacy in the prevention and treatment of cholelithiasis.Therefore,this paper focuses on summarizing the characteristic theories and diagnosis and treatment experience of Tibetan medicine,Mongolian medicine,Miao medicine,Yao medicine,and Beijing medicine in ethnic medicine by sorting out and summarizing the relevant materials in this regard,so as to provide new ideas for improving the treatment of cholelithiasis and enriching clinical drug selection.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1303400 to S.J.Z.and S.Q.,2020YFA0908501 to J.G.,and 2021YFF1200404 to Y.W.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371204 to J.G.,82030108 and 31872796 to W.Y.,and 32371300 to Y.W.)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LR19C050002 to J.G.)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(no.74,2023M743044 to J.W.)the National Postdoctoral Researcher Program of China(GZB20230634 to J.W.).
文摘Plant high-affinity K^(+) transporters(HKTs)mediate Na^(+) and K^(+) uptake,maintain Na^(+)/K^(+) homeostasis,and therefore play crucial roles in plant salt tolerance.In this study,we present cryoelectron microscopy structures of HKTs from two classes,classI HKT1;1 from Arabidopsis thaliana(AtHKT1;1)and class II HKT2;1 from Triticum aestivum(TaHKT2;1),in both Na^(+) -and K^(+) -bound states at 2.6-to 3.0-A resolutions.BothAtHKT1;1and TaHKT2;1function ashomodimers.Each HKT subunit consists of four tan-dem domain units(D1-D4)with a repeated K^(+) -channel-like M-P-M topology.In each subunit,D1-D4 assemble into an ion conduction pore with a pseudo-four-fold symmetry.Although both TaHKT2;1and AtHKT1;1 have only one putative Na^(+) ion bound in the selectivity filter with a similar coordination pattern,the two HKTs display different K^(+) binding modes in the filter.TaHKT2;1 has three K^(+) ions bound in the selec-tivity filter,but AtHKT1;1 has only two K^(+) ions bound in the filter,which has a narrowed external entrance due to the presence of a Ser residue in the first filter motif.These structures,along with compu-tational,mutational,and electrophysiological analyses,enable us to pinpoint key residues that are critical for the ion selectivity of HKTs.The findings provide new insights into the ion selectivity and ion transport mechanisms of plant HKTs and improve our understanding about how HKTs mediate plant salt tolerance and enhance crop growth.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82030108,31872796,32071102,and 32000707)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LD24H090004,R16H090001,LQ20H160039,LTY21H160003,and LY19B020013)+3 种基金National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for“Significant New Drugs Development”(2018ZX09711001-004-005)Zhejiang Association for Science and Technology Talent Cultivation Project(CTZB-2020080127)the East-West Cooperation Project(2019BFH02003)the MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science&Brain-Machine Integration,Zhejiang University。
文摘Ion channel activation upon ligand gating triggers a myriad of biological events and,therefore,evolution of ligand gating mechanism is of fundamental importance.TRPM2,a typical ancient ion channel,is activated by adenosine diphosphate ribose(ADPR)and calcium and its activation has evolved from a simple mode in invertebrates to a more complex one in vertebrates,but the evolutionary process is still unknown.Molecular evolutionary analysis of TRPM2s from more than 280 different animal species has revealed that,the C-terminal NUDT9-H domain has evolved from an enzyme to a ligand binding site for activation,while the N-terminal MHR domain maintains a conserved ligand binding site.Calcium gating pattern has also evolved,from one Ca^(2+)-binding site as in sea anemones to three sites as in human.Importantly,we identified a new group represented by olTRPM2,which has a novel gating mode and fills the missing link of the channel gating evolution.We conclude that the TRPM2 ligand binding or activation mode evolved through at least three identifiable stages in the past billion years from simple to complicated and coordinated.Such findings benefit the evolutionary investigations of other channels and proteins.
基金Funded by National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2016ZX05002004-004).
文摘Through precisely measured data of field outcrops,wells logging data and samples analytical data in the research area,it is considered that the topography of the sedimentary period of Xiaoheba formation is relatively flat,the water flow is shallow and wide and the fluctuation is frequent,the supply of source is abundant,and it has favorable sedimentary conditions to forming shallow-river fluvial-dominated delta.The delta in the research area is a distal-basin sedimentary,and due to multiple branches and long extension of the river channel,there are large area of delta front sand deposits with fine grained development,high maturity and underwater environment existed within the research area.The Xiaoheba formation in the Jiannan-Fuling three-dimensional seismic region has the obvious characteristics of strong peak progradation reflection.Based on the above analysis,the sedimentary mode of shallow-river fluvial-dominated delta of Xiaoheba formation of Southeastern Sichuan Basin is established and the reservoir forming conditions are discussed.It is considered that the Xiaoheba formation has excellent hydrocarbon source,high-quality reservoirs and effective migration channel.This research has certain guiding significance for the next stage of tight marine clastic rocks oil and gas exploration of Southeastern Sichuan Basin.
