A general and versatile strategy to prepare melamine-formaldehyde(MF)microcapsules encapsulating oil-based fragrances by combining solvent evaporation and in situ polymerization was proposed in this work.The oil-based...A general and versatile strategy to prepare melamine-formaldehyde(MF)microcapsules encapsulating oil-based fragrances by combining solvent evaporation and in situ polymerization was proposed in this work.The oil-based fragrance was pre-encapsulated by an inner polyacrylate membrane via solvent evaporation,followed by in situ polymerization of MF precondensates as an outer shell.The polyacrylate membrane is used as an intermediate bridging layer to stabilize the oil-based fragrance,and to provide driving forces for in situ polymerization of MF precondensates through electrostatic attractions between carboxyl groups and ammonium ions.It was demonstrated that MF microcapsules containing clove oil were prepared successfully.The amount and the composition of the intermediate polyacrylate bridging layer were critical.Smooth and sphere-shaped MF-clove oil microcapsules were prepared when the weight ratio of polyacrylate to clove oil was over 60 wt%and the concentration of acrylic acid(AA)increased to 10 wt%in polyacrylate.In addition,MF microcapsules containing sunflower oil and hexyl salicylate were prepared by using this method.The work suggests that this new approach can be potentially used to encapsulate various core materials,tuning the shell properties of microcapsules such as thickness,mechanical strength and release properties.展开更多
Drug-loaded microspheres are significant for the development of modern pharmaceutical products. It is well known that the taken of aspirin for long-term increases the risk of serious gastrointestinal complications, th...Drug-loaded microspheres are significant for the development of modern pharmaceutical products. It is well known that the taken of aspirin for long-term increases the risk of serious gastrointestinal complications, therefore a controllable delivery of aspirin is of importance to lighten those side effects. In this work, poly(lactic acid)(PLA) was chosen as the carrier to prepare PLA-aspirin microspheres by using the traditional and the improved solvent evaporation methods. It was found that no matter which experimental condition was, the encapsulation efficiency of aspirin was higher by using the improved method than that of the traditional method. Specifically, when the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol = 1%(mass),the polymer concentration = 1:20, the oil/water rate = 1:2.5, PLA-aspirin microspheres were obtained via the improved method with a high yield of 82.83%(mass) and an encapsulation efficiency of 44.09%. PLAaspirin microspheres were then prepared continuously using the improved method, which further enhanced the encapsulation efficiency to 54.56%. Approximate 85% aspirin released from microspheres within 7 days. Obvious degradation which was represented by reduction on hardness was observed by soaking microspheres in PBS for 60 days. This work is of interest because it provides a continuous route to prepare PLA-aspirin microspheres continuously with a high drug encapsulation efficiency.展开更多
This paper reports an efficient method of preparing porous polymeric microspheres by solvent evaporation in foam phase,in which phase separation between polymer and porogen occurs in foam phase instead of that in wate...This paper reports an efficient method of preparing porous polymeric microspheres by solvent evaporation in foam phase,in which phase separation between polymer and porogen occurs in foam phase instead of that in water phase by using the traditional solvent eva poration method.The method provides outstanding features,including being time-saving,of high-yield and able for continuous production,in which formation of porous polymeric microspheres finished within 3 min with a high production yield up to approximate 95 wt% and the process was able to be developed into a continuous process for production of porous polymeric microspheres.It was also universal to non-crosslinked polymers since the method is a development on the traditional emulsion solvent evaporation method.The new method is efficient and can be used potentially on the industrial scale for continuous production of porous polymeric microsphere s.展开更多
In continuation of our efforts toward the discovery of potent HIV-1 NNRTIs with diverse structures,a series of novel S-DACO analogues of 6-(2-cyclohexyl-1-allkyl)-2-(2-oxo-2-phenyl-ethylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones ...In continuation of our efforts toward the discovery of potent HIV-1 NNRTIs with diverse structures,a series of novel S-DACO analogues of 6-(2-cyclohexyl-1-allkyl)-2-(2-oxo-2-phenyl-ethylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones were designed,synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activities in MT-4 cells.Most of these new compounds showed moderate to good activities against wild type HIV-1 with IC_(50) values ranging from 7.55μmol/L to 0.018μmol/L.Among them,compound 5 c was identified as the most promising inhibitor against HIV-1 replication with an IC_(50)=0.018μmol/L,CC_(50)=194μmol/L,and SI=12791,which was much more potent than the reference drugs NVP and DLV and comparable to AZT and EFV.In addition,5 c also exhibited improved activity against double mutant HIV-1 strain RES056 compared to that of the reference drugs NVP/DLV and DB02.The preliminary structure-activity relationship(SAR)and molecular modeling studies were also discussed,which provides some useful indications for guiding the further rational design of new S-DACO analogues.展开更多
Efficiently tracking and imaging interested moving targets is crucial across various applications,from autonomous systems to surveillance.However,persistent challenges remain in various fields,including environmental ...Efficiently tracking and imaging interested moving targets is crucial across various applications,from autonomous systems to surveillance.However,persistent challenges remain in various fields,including environmental intricacies,limitations in perceptual technologies,and privacy considerations.We present a teacher-student learning model,the generative adversarial network(GAN)-guided diffractive neural network(DNN),which performs visual tracking and imaging of the interested moving target.The GAN,as a teacher model,empowers efficient acquisition of the skill to differentiate the specific target of interest in the domains of visual tracking and imaging.The DNN-based student model learns to master the skill to differentiate the interested target from the GAN.The process of obtaining a GAN-guided DNN starts with capturing moving objects effectively using an event camera with high temporal resolution and low latency.Then,the generative power of GAN is utilized to generate data with position-tracking capability for the interested moving target,subsequently serving as labels to the training of the DNN.The DNN learns to image the target during training while retaining the target’s positional information.Our experimental demonstration highlights the efficacy of the GAN-guided DNN in visual tracking and imaging of the interested moving target.We expect the GAN-guided DNN can significantly enhance autonomous systems and surveillance.展开更多
Direct formic acid fuel cells are promising energy devices with advantages of low working temperature and high safety in fuel storage and transport.They have been expected to be a future power source for portable elec...Direct formic acid fuel cells are promising energy devices with advantages of low working temperature and high safety in fuel storage and transport.They have been expected to be a future power source for portable electronic devices.The technology has been developed rapidly to overcome the high cost and low power performance that hinder its practical application,which mainly originated from the slow reaction kinetics of the formic acid oxidation and complex mass transfer within the fuel cell electrodes.Here,we provide a comprehensive review of the progress around this technology,in particular for addressing multiscale challenges from catalytic mechanism understanding at the atomic scale,to catalyst design at the nanoscale,electrode structure at the micro scale and design at the millimeter scale,and finally to device fabrication at the meter scale.The gap between the highly active electrocatalysts and the poor electrode performance in practical devices is highlighted.Finally,perspectives and opportunities are proposed to potentially bridge this gap for further development of this technology.展开更多
Cervical cancer is a major health threat to women worldwide.Since most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages,treatment outcomes are significantly less effective compared to those detected through early screening and ...Cervical cancer is a major health threat to women worldwide.Since most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages,treatment outcomes are significantly less effective compared to those detected through early screening and intervention.Therefore,the development of efficient noninvasive early screening techniques is crucial.This study proposes a cervical lesion classification method based on near-infrared spectroscopy(NIR).First,the feasibility of using NIR for screening cervical precancerous lesions was verified by simulating the optical properties of normal and cancerous cervical tissues.In addition,a noninvasive,portable NIR real-time acquisition system for cervical tissue was independently developed.Moreover,NIR spectral data from cervical tissues were collected from 248 participants,and the samples were categorized into four groups according to biopsy results,namely,healthy,CIN1,CIN2,and CIN3.A Transformer-based classification network was used to train and classify data.In the classification of diseased samples,the prediction accuracy for CIN1 was the highest(99.32%),followed by CIN2(93.33%)and CIN3(94.48%).The classification model shows significant potential for screening cervical cancer and precancerous lesions,offering strong technical support for the large-scale implementation of cervical cancer screening programs.展开更多
A series of 2-(((5-akly/aryl-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)-5-alkyl-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-pyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones were synthesized and their anti-HIV-1 activities were evaluated.Most of these compounds were highly active ...A series of 2-(((5-akly/aryl-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)-5-alkyl-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-pyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones were synthesized and their anti-HIV-1 activities were evaluated.Most of these compounds were highly active against wild-type(WT)HIV-1 strain(ⅢB)with EC50 values in the range of0.0038-0.4759μmol/L.Among those compounds,I-11 had an EC50 value of 3.8 nmol/L and SI(selectivity index)of up to 25,468 indicating excellent activity against WT HIV-1.In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity and resistance profile studies suggested that compounds 1-11 and 1-12 displayed potential anti-HIV-1 activity against laboratory adapted strains and primary isolated strains including different subtypes and tropism strains(EC50s range from 4.3 to 63.6 nmol/L and 18.9-219.3 nmol/L,respectively).On the other hand,it was observed that those two compounds were less effective with EC50 values of 2.77 and4.87μmol/L for HIV-1 A17(K103 N+Y181 C).The activity against reverse transcriptase(RT)was also evaluated for those compounds.Both I-11 and 1-12 obtained sub-micromolar IC50 values showing their potential in RT inhibition.The pharmacokinetics examination in rats indicated that compound 1-11 has acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability.Preliminary structure-activity relationships and molecular modeling studies were also discussed.展开更多
A new optical microscopy technique,termed high spatial and temporal resolution synthetic aperture phase microscopy(HISTR-SAPM),is proposed to improve the lateral resolution of wide-field coherent imaging.Under plane w...A new optical microscopy technique,termed high spatial and temporal resolution synthetic aperture phase microscopy(HISTR-SAPM),is proposed to improve the lateral resolution of wide-field coherent imaging.Under plane wave illumination,the resolution is increased by twofold to around 260 nm,while achieving millisecond-level temporal resolution.In HISTR-SAPM,digital micromirror devices are used to actively change the sample illumination beam angle at high speed with high stability.An off-axis interferometer is used to measure the sample scattered complex fields,which are then processed to reconstruct high-resolution phase images.Using HISTR-SAPM,we are able to map the height profiles of subwavelength photonic structures and resolve the period structures that have 198 nm linewidth and 132 nm gap(i.e.,a full pitch of 330 nm).As the reconstruction averages out laser speckle noise while maintaining high temporal resolution,HISTR-SAPM further enables imaging and quantification of nanoscale dynamics of live cells,such as red blood cell membrane fluctuations and subcellular structure dynamics within nucleated cells.We envision that HISTR-SAPM will broadly benefit research in material science and biology.展开更多
Recently,the tetrahedral Ti_(4)L_(6) cage(L=embonate)has been applied as the starting material to realize coordination assembly with transition and rare-earth ornoble metal ions through a two-step reaction.In this wor...Recently,the tetrahedral Ti_(4)L_(6) cage(L=embonate)has been applied as the starting material to realize coordination assembly with transition and rare-earth ornoble metal ions through a two-step reaction.In this work,by employing the Ti_(4)L_(6) cages to assemble with alkaline-earth metal ions(such as Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+)and Ba^(2+))under different solvothermal conditions,a series of Ti_(4)L_(6)-based structures from simple cages to 1D chain,2D layer and 3D framework have been synthesized and structurally characterized.In addition,thermal stability,phase purity,UV-vis absorption spectrum,the fluorescent and third-order nonlinear-optical properties are also investigated.展开更多
Polar Carriers operate in both open water and brash ice areas,where differing navigation environments impose varying requirements on hull form design.Determining the proportion of these navigation areas is crucial for...Polar Carriers operate in both open water and brash ice areas,where differing navigation environments impose varying requirements on hull form design.Determining the proportion of these navigation areas is crucial for achieving a balanced hull form that optimizes both open water performance and ice-going capabilities.This paper proposes a Navigation State Recognition Model(NSRM)that utilizes GPS data from ship tracks to distinguish between different navigation states,allowing for an assessment of the proportion of open water and brash ice encountered during voyages.Based on the NSRM,a rapid hull form optimization method is developed for polar ships,aiming to minimize total resistance across both open water and brash ice areas.The total resistance is calculated using a weighted sum of the resistances in ice-covered and open-water sections of the route,as determined by the NSRM.The Rankine source and Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)methods are employed to calculate open-water resistance,while Juva and Riskas formula is used to estimate ice resistance in brash ice conditions.Additionally,the optimization method is applied to a parent ship with an invisible bulbous bow,resulting in an optimized bow hull form.This demonstrates the applicability of the NSRM-based optimization method for the design of Polar Carrier hull forms.展开更多
The offshore nuclear power platform is a remote island power supply with great prospects for development. This paper addresses the hydrodynamic performance of a new deep-draft cylindrical offshore platform for carryin...The offshore nuclear power platform is a remote island power supply with great prospects for development. This paper addresses the hydrodynamic performance of a new deep-draft cylindrical offshore platform for carrying nuclear reactors. The platform solves the problems of motion resonance and space waste of arranging the nuclear reactor directly on the traditional cylindrical platform and SPAR platform. The novelty of the platform is highlighted through statistical generalization based on dimensionless master scale parameters. A test model and scheme suitable for deep-draft cylindrical offshore platform are established. Through the model test, the platform natural properties and the motion response under different sea conditions are obtained. Spectral analysis is applied to study the platform motion and mooring tension response characteristics. The results show that the natural motion periods of the platform are obviously larger than the main wave period range of the operating sea area, and the resonance risk is low. Under the sea state of 1-in-100-years, the maximum displacement of the platform is 14.088 m, and the maximum dynamic inclination is 10.223°. The motion performance meets the design requirements. It is worth noting that the pitch plays a significant effect in influencing the heave, yaw, and mooring line tension response. This effect is greater as the sea state roughness increases. Improving the pitch of the platform deserves in-depth study. In addition, the results of this study address the gap in experimental data, providing a reference for numerical modeling and further research.展开更多
Objective:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become a common chronic liver disease that is harmful to human health.Moreover,there is currently no FDA-approved first-line drug for the treatment of nonalcoholic ...Objective:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become a common chronic liver disease that is harmful to human health.Moreover,there is currently no FDA-approved first-line drug for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)or NAFLD.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is widely used to ameliorate liver diseases,such as the traditional ancient recipe called Three Flower Tea(TFT),which consists of double rose(Rosa rugosa),white chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium),and Daidaihua(Citrus aurantium).However,the mechanisms of the action of TFT are not clear.Therefore,this study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of TFT against NAFLD in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced rats.Methods:This study utilized bioinformatics and network pharmacology to establish the active and potential ingredient-target networks of TFT.Furthermore,a protein–protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed,and enrichment analysis was performed to determine the key targets of TFT against NAFLD.Furthermore,an animal experiment was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effect and confirm the key targets of TFT against NAFLD.Results:A total of 576 NAFLD-related genes were searched in Gene Cards,and under the screening criteria of oral bioavailability(OB)≥30%and drug-likeness(DL)≥0.18,a total of 19 active ingredients and 210 targets were identified in TFT.Network pharmacology analysis suggested that 55 matching targets in PPIs were closely associated with roles for NAFLD treatment.Through the evaluation of network topology parameters,four key central genes,PPARγ,SREBP,AKT,and RELA,were identified.Furthermore,animal experiments indicated that TFT could reduce plasma lipid profiles,hepatic lipid profiles and hepatic fat accumulation,improve liver function,suppress inflammatory factors,and reduce oxidative stress.Through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analysis,PPARγ,SREBP,AKT,and RELA were confirmed as targets of TFT in HFD-induced rats.Conclusion:In summary,our results indicate that TFT can prevent and treat NAFLD via multiple targets,including lipid accumulation,antioxidation,insulin sensitivity,and inflammation.展开更多
Slurry pipeline transport is widely used in several industrial processes.Calculating the specific power consumption(SPC)and determining the best working conditions are important for the design and operation of transpo...Slurry pipeline transport is widely used in several industrial processes.Calculating the specific power consumption(SPC)and determining the best working conditions are important for the design and operation of transportation systems.Based on the Shanghai Jiao Tong University high-concentration multi-sized slurry pressure drop(SJTU-HMSPD)pipeline-resistance-calculation model,the SJTU-SPC model for calculating the power required to transport a unit volume of solid materials over a unit pipeline length is established for a slurry transport system.The said system demonstrates a uniformity coefficient in the 1.26–7.98 range,median particle size of 0.075–4 mm,particle volume concentration of 10–60%,and pipeline diameter of 0.203–0.8 m.The results obtained were successfully verified against existing experimental data.The influence of parameters,such as particle-gradation uniformity coefficient,median particle size,pipe diameter,and particle volume concentration,on the SPC were analysed.The results revealed that the greater is the uniformity coefficient,the smaller is the minimum specific energy consumption and the larger the optimal transport concentration for a constant,median particle size slurry.As observed,the optimal transport concentration for broad-graded sand equalled approximately 48%.These results supplement the conclusions of existing research,indicating that the optimal transport concentration is approximately 30%and provides theoretical support for high concentration transportation of broad graded slurry.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21466016,21577053)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(2016FB024).
文摘A general and versatile strategy to prepare melamine-formaldehyde(MF)microcapsules encapsulating oil-based fragrances by combining solvent evaporation and in situ polymerization was proposed in this work.The oil-based fragrance was pre-encapsulated by an inner polyacrylate membrane via solvent evaporation,followed by in situ polymerization of MF precondensates as an outer shell.The polyacrylate membrane is used as an intermediate bridging layer to stabilize the oil-based fragrance,and to provide driving forces for in situ polymerization of MF precondensates through electrostatic attractions between carboxyl groups and ammonium ions.It was demonstrated that MF microcapsules containing clove oil were prepared successfully.The amount and the composition of the intermediate polyacrylate bridging layer were critical.Smooth and sphere-shaped MF-clove oil microcapsules were prepared when the weight ratio of polyacrylate to clove oil was over 60 wt%and the concentration of acrylic acid(AA)increased to 10 wt%in polyacrylate.In addition,MF microcapsules containing sunflower oil and hexyl salicylate were prepared by using this method.The work suggests that this new approach can be potentially used to encapsulate various core materials,tuning the shell properties of microcapsules such as thickness,mechanical strength and release properties.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (22068018)Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young & Elite Talents Project。
文摘Drug-loaded microspheres are significant for the development of modern pharmaceutical products. It is well known that the taken of aspirin for long-term increases the risk of serious gastrointestinal complications, therefore a controllable delivery of aspirin is of importance to lighten those side effects. In this work, poly(lactic acid)(PLA) was chosen as the carrier to prepare PLA-aspirin microspheres by using the traditional and the improved solvent evaporation methods. It was found that no matter which experimental condition was, the encapsulation efficiency of aspirin was higher by using the improved method than that of the traditional method. Specifically, when the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol = 1%(mass),the polymer concentration = 1:20, the oil/water rate = 1:2.5, PLA-aspirin microspheres were obtained via the improved method with a high yield of 82.83%(mass) and an encapsulation efficiency of 44.09%. PLAaspirin microspheres were then prepared continuously using the improved method, which further enhanced the encapsulation efficiency to 54.56%. Approximate 85% aspirin released from microspheres within 7 days. Obvious degradation which was represented by reduction on hardness was observed by soaking microspheres in PBS for 60 days. This work is of interest because it provides a continuous route to prepare PLA-aspirin microspheres continuously with a high drug encapsulation efficiency.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (22068018, 21466016 and 51863011)Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province (2016FB024)Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young & Elite Talents Project。
文摘This paper reports an efficient method of preparing porous polymeric microspheres by solvent evaporation in foam phase,in which phase separation between polymer and porogen occurs in foam phase instead of that in water phase by using the traditional solvent eva poration method.The method provides outstanding features,including being time-saving,of high-yield and able for continuous production,in which formation of porous polymeric microspheres finished within 3 min with a high production yield up to approximate 95 wt% and the process was able to be developed into a continuous process for production of porous polymeric microspheres.It was also universal to non-crosslinked polymers since the method is a development on the traditional emulsion solvent evaporation method.The new method is efficient and can be used potentially on the industrial scale for continuous production of porous polymeric microsphere s.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21967020,U1702286,21362017,21262044)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT17R94,China)Fund of Academician Working Station of Yunnan Province(No.2018IC057)。
文摘In continuation of our efforts toward the discovery of potent HIV-1 NNRTIs with diverse structures,a series of novel S-DACO analogues of 6-(2-cyclohexyl-1-allkyl)-2-(2-oxo-2-phenyl-ethylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones were designed,synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activities in MT-4 cells.Most of these new compounds showed moderate to good activities against wild type HIV-1 with IC_(50) values ranging from 7.55μmol/L to 0.018μmol/L.Among them,compound 5 c was identified as the most promising inhibitor against HIV-1 replication with an IC_(50)=0.018μmol/L,CC_(50)=194μmol/L,and SI=12791,which was much more potent than the reference drugs NVP and DLV and comparable to AZT and EFV.In addition,5 c also exhibited improved activity against double mutant HIV-1 strain RES056 compared to that of the reference drugs NVP/DLV and DB02.The preliminary structure-activity relationship(SAR)and molecular modeling studies were also discussed,which provides some useful indications for guiding the further rational design of new S-DACO analogues.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62422509 and 62405188)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.23ZR1443700)+3 种基金the Shuguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.23SG41)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.20220042)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.21DZ1100500)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project,and the Shanghai Frontiers Science Center Program(2021-2025 No.20).
文摘Efficiently tracking and imaging interested moving targets is crucial across various applications,from autonomous systems to surveillance.However,persistent challenges remain in various fields,including environmental intricacies,limitations in perceptual technologies,and privacy considerations.We present a teacher-student learning model,the generative adversarial network(GAN)-guided diffractive neural network(DNN),which performs visual tracking and imaging of the interested moving target.The GAN,as a teacher model,empowers efficient acquisition of the skill to differentiate the specific target of interest in the domains of visual tracking and imaging.The DNN-based student model learns to master the skill to differentiate the interested target from the GAN.The process of obtaining a GAN-guided DNN starts with capturing moving objects effectively using an event camera with high temporal resolution and low latency.Then,the generative power of GAN is utilized to generate data with position-tracking capability for the interested moving target,subsequently serving as labels to the training of the DNN.The DNN learns to image the target during training while retaining the target’s positional information.Our experimental demonstration highlights the efficacy of the GAN-guided DNN in visual tracking and imaging of the interested moving target.We expect the GAN-guided DNN can significantly enhance autonomous systems and surveillance.
基金sponsored by a PhD Scholarship from the School of Chemical Engineering at the University of Birminghamsupported by EU H2020-MSCAIF-2019 project EconCell 898486
文摘Direct formic acid fuel cells are promising energy devices with advantages of low working temperature and high safety in fuel storage and transport.They have been expected to be a future power source for portable electronic devices.The technology has been developed rapidly to overcome the high cost and low power performance that hinder its practical application,which mainly originated from the slow reaction kinetics of the formic acid oxidation and complex mass transfer within the fuel cell electrodes.Here,we provide a comprehensive review of the progress around this technology,in particular for addressing multiscale challenges from catalytic mechanism understanding at the atomic scale,to catalyst design at the nanoscale,electrode structure at the micro scale and design at the millimeter scale,and finally to device fabrication at the meter scale.The gap between the highly active electrocatalysts and the poor electrode performance in practical devices is highlighted.Finally,perspectives and opportunities are proposed to potentially bridge this gap for further development of this technology.
基金supported by the China Pharmaceutical University and funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81827803 and 82151311)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.NP2024102,NJ2024016,and NJ2024029)+1 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2024ZB661)Key Project of Nanjing Health Science and Technology Development Special Fund(No.ZKX24043).
文摘Cervical cancer is a major health threat to women worldwide.Since most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages,treatment outcomes are significantly less effective compared to those detected through early screening and intervention.Therefore,the development of efficient noninvasive early screening techniques is crucial.This study proposes a cervical lesion classification method based on near-infrared spectroscopy(NIR).First,the feasibility of using NIR for screening cervical precancerous lesions was verified by simulating the optical properties of normal and cancerous cervical tissues.In addition,a noninvasive,portable NIR real-time acquisition system for cervical tissue was independently developed.Moreover,NIR spectral data from cervical tissues were collected from 248 participants,and the samples were categorized into four groups according to biopsy results,namely,healthy,CIN1,CIN2,and CIN3.A Transformer-based classification network was used to train and classify data.In the classification of diseased samples,the prediction accuracy for CIN1 was the highest(99.32%),followed by CIN2(93.33%)and CIN3(94.48%).The classification model shows significant potential for screening cervical cancer and precancerous lesions,offering strong technical support for the large-scale implementation of cervical cancer screening programs.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1702286,21262044,81660612,21362017,21762048)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT_17R94,China)+3 种基金The Key Scientific and Technological Program of China(2017ZX09101004-014-007)The Yunnan Applicative and Basic Research Program(P0120150150,2018FA048,China)Project of Innovative Research Team of Yunnan Province to Weilie XiaoShanghai Chem Partner Co.,Ltd.for completing the Pharmacokinetics Assays.
文摘A series of 2-(((5-akly/aryl-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)-5-alkyl-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-pyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones were synthesized and their anti-HIV-1 activities were evaluated.Most of these compounds were highly active against wild-type(WT)HIV-1 strain(ⅢB)with EC50 values in the range of0.0038-0.4759μmol/L.Among those compounds,I-11 had an EC50 value of 3.8 nmol/L and SI(selectivity index)of up to 25,468 indicating excellent activity against WT HIV-1.In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity and resistance profile studies suggested that compounds 1-11 and 1-12 displayed potential anti-HIV-1 activity against laboratory adapted strains and primary isolated strains including different subtypes and tropism strains(EC50s range from 4.3 to 63.6 nmol/L and 18.9-219.3 nmol/L,respectively).On the other hand,it was observed that those two compounds were less effective with EC50 values of 2.77 and4.87μmol/L for HIV-1 A17(K103 N+Y181 C).The activity against reverse transcriptase(RT)was also evaluated for those compounds.Both I-11 and 1-12 obtained sub-micromolar IC50 values showing their potential in RT inhibition.The pharmacokinetics examination in rats indicated that compound 1-11 has acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability.Preliminary structure-activity relationships and molecular modeling studies were also discussed.
基金We acknowledge financial support from Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Fund(Nos.ITS/394/17 and ITS/098/18FP)Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering(No.BME-p3-18)Croucher Innovation Awards 2019,and the U.S.National Institutes of Health(No.5P41EB015871-33).
文摘A new optical microscopy technique,termed high spatial and temporal resolution synthetic aperture phase microscopy(HISTR-SAPM),is proposed to improve the lateral resolution of wide-field coherent imaging.Under plane wave illumination,the resolution is increased by twofold to around 260 nm,while achieving millisecond-level temporal resolution.In HISTR-SAPM,digital micromirror devices are used to actively change the sample illumination beam angle at high speed with high stability.An off-axis interferometer is used to measure the sample scattered complex fields,which are then processed to reconstruct high-resolution phase images.Using HISTR-SAPM,we are able to map the height profiles of subwavelength photonic structures and resolve the period structures that have 198 nm linewidth and 132 nm gap(i.e.,a full pitch of 330 nm).As the reconstruction averages out laser speckle noise while maintaining high temporal resolution,HISTR-SAPM further enables imaging and quantification of nanoscale dynamics of live cells,such as red blood cell membrane fluctuations and subcellular structure dynamics within nucleated cells.We envision that HISTR-SAPM will broadly benefit research in material science and biology.
基金This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21773242 and 21935010).
文摘Recently,the tetrahedral Ti_(4)L_(6) cage(L=embonate)has been applied as the starting material to realize coordination assembly with transition and rare-earth ornoble metal ions through a two-step reaction.In this work,by employing the Ti_(4)L_(6) cages to assemble with alkaline-earth metal ions(such as Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+)and Ba^(2+))under different solvothermal conditions,a series of Ti_(4)L_(6)-based structures from simple cages to 1D chain,2D layer and 3D framework have been synthesized and structurally characterized.In addition,thermal stability,phase purity,UV-vis absorption spectrum,the fluorescent and third-order nonlinear-optical properties are also investigated.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52301330)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Polar Carriers operate in both open water and brash ice areas,where differing navigation environments impose varying requirements on hull form design.Determining the proportion of these navigation areas is crucial for achieving a balanced hull form that optimizes both open water performance and ice-going capabilities.This paper proposes a Navigation State Recognition Model(NSRM)that utilizes GPS data from ship tracks to distinguish between different navigation states,allowing for an assessment of the proportion of open water and brash ice encountered during voyages.Based on the NSRM,a rapid hull form optimization method is developed for polar ships,aiming to minimize total resistance across both open water and brash ice areas.The total resistance is calculated using a weighted sum of the resistances in ice-covered and open-water sections of the route,as determined by the NSRM.The Rankine source and Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)methods are employed to calculate open-water resistance,while Juva and Riskas formula is used to estimate ice resistance in brash ice conditions.Additionally,the optimization method is applied to a parent ship with an invisible bulbous bow,resulting in an optimized bow hull form.This demonstrates the applicability of the NSRM-based optimization method for the design of Polar Carrier hull forms.
基金sponsored by the Ling Chuang Research Project of China National Nuclear Corporation(project number:19GFC-JJ12-669)the Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(project number:SL2020ZD101)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The offshore nuclear power platform is a remote island power supply with great prospects for development. This paper addresses the hydrodynamic performance of a new deep-draft cylindrical offshore platform for carrying nuclear reactors. The platform solves the problems of motion resonance and space waste of arranging the nuclear reactor directly on the traditional cylindrical platform and SPAR platform. The novelty of the platform is highlighted through statistical generalization based on dimensionless master scale parameters. A test model and scheme suitable for deep-draft cylindrical offshore platform are established. Through the model test, the platform natural properties and the motion response under different sea conditions are obtained. Spectral analysis is applied to study the platform motion and mooring tension response characteristics. The results show that the natural motion periods of the platform are obviously larger than the main wave period range of the operating sea area, and the resonance risk is low. Under the sea state of 1-in-100-years, the maximum displacement of the platform is 14.088 m, and the maximum dynamic inclination is 10.223°. The motion performance meets the design requirements. It is worth noting that the pitch plays a significant effect in influencing the heave, yaw, and mooring line tension response. This effect is greater as the sea state roughness increases. Improving the pitch of the platform deserves in-depth study. In addition, the results of this study address the gap in experimental data, providing a reference for numerical modeling and further research.
基金supported by the fund for the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81903878)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2019BH049)Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province(Grant No.2019JZZY020612)。
文摘Objective:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become a common chronic liver disease that is harmful to human health.Moreover,there is currently no FDA-approved first-line drug for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)or NAFLD.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is widely used to ameliorate liver diseases,such as the traditional ancient recipe called Three Flower Tea(TFT),which consists of double rose(Rosa rugosa),white chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium),and Daidaihua(Citrus aurantium).However,the mechanisms of the action of TFT are not clear.Therefore,this study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of TFT against NAFLD in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced rats.Methods:This study utilized bioinformatics and network pharmacology to establish the active and potential ingredient-target networks of TFT.Furthermore,a protein–protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed,and enrichment analysis was performed to determine the key targets of TFT against NAFLD.Furthermore,an animal experiment was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effect and confirm the key targets of TFT against NAFLD.Results:A total of 576 NAFLD-related genes were searched in Gene Cards,and under the screening criteria of oral bioavailability(OB)≥30%and drug-likeness(DL)≥0.18,a total of 19 active ingredients and 210 targets were identified in TFT.Network pharmacology analysis suggested that 55 matching targets in PPIs were closely associated with roles for NAFLD treatment.Through the evaluation of network topology parameters,four key central genes,PPARγ,SREBP,AKT,and RELA,were identified.Furthermore,animal experiments indicated that TFT could reduce plasma lipid profiles,hepatic lipid profiles and hepatic fat accumulation,improve liver function,suppress inflammatory factors,and reduce oxidative stress.Through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analysis,PPARγ,SREBP,AKT,and RELA were confirmed as targets of TFT in HFD-induced rats.Conclusion:In summary,our results indicate that TFT can prevent and treat NAFLD via multiple targets,including lipid accumulation,antioxidation,insulin sensitivity,and inflammation.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51779143)the Cultivation of Scientific Research Ability of Young Talents of Shanghai jiao Tong University(Grant No.19×100040072).
文摘Slurry pipeline transport is widely used in several industrial processes.Calculating the specific power consumption(SPC)and determining the best working conditions are important for the design and operation of transportation systems.Based on the Shanghai Jiao Tong University high-concentration multi-sized slurry pressure drop(SJTU-HMSPD)pipeline-resistance-calculation model,the SJTU-SPC model for calculating the power required to transport a unit volume of solid materials over a unit pipeline length is established for a slurry transport system.The said system demonstrates a uniformity coefficient in the 1.26–7.98 range,median particle size of 0.075–4 mm,particle volume concentration of 10–60%,and pipeline diameter of 0.203–0.8 m.The results obtained were successfully verified against existing experimental data.The influence of parameters,such as particle-gradation uniformity coefficient,median particle size,pipe diameter,and particle volume concentration,on the SPC were analysed.The results revealed that the greater is the uniformity coefficient,the smaller is the minimum specific energy consumption and the larger the optimal transport concentration for a constant,median particle size slurry.As observed,the optimal transport concentration for broad-graded sand equalled approximately 48%.These results supplement the conclusions of existing research,indicating that the optimal transport concentration is approximately 30%and provides theoretical support for high concentration transportation of broad graded slurry.
