Bacterial pathogens have evolved various mechanisms to modulate host immune responses for successful infection. In this study, RNA- sequencing technology was used to analyze the responses of human monocytes THP1 to Ye...Bacterial pathogens have evolved various mechanisms to modulate host immune responses for successful infection. In this study, RNA- sequencing technology was used to analyze the responses of human monocytes THP1 to Yersinia pestis infection. Over 6000 genes were differentially expressed over the 12 h infection. Kinetic responses of pathogen recognition receptor signaling pathways, apoptosis, antigen processing, and presentation pathway and coagulation system were analyzed in detail. Among them, RIG-I-like receptor （RLR） signaling pathway, which was established for antiviral defense, was significantly affected. Mice lacking MAVS, the adaptor of the RLR signaling pathway, were less sensitive to infection and exhibited lower IFN-13 production, higher Thl-type cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12 production, and lower Th2-type cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 production in the serum compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, infection of pathogenic bacteria other than E pestis also altered the expression of the RLR pathway, suggesting that the response of RLR pathway to bacterial infection is a universal mechanism.展开更多
Theterms“inflammatome”(holistic inflammation networks)and“inflammatomics”(anovelomicsfield)wereproposed to decode dysbiosis-driven chronic inflammation and its disease links.Inflammatomics explores microbiota–imm...Theterms“inflammatome”(holistic inflammation networks)and“inflammatomics”(anovelomicsfield)wereproposed to decode dysbiosis-driven chronic inflammation and its disease links.Inflammatomics explores microbiota–immune crosstalk,particularly innate immune interactions,revealing how dysregulated microbial communities trigger chronic inflammation underlying disorders like inflammatory bowel disease,metabolic diseases,and neurodegeneration.This discipline transcends traditional inflammation paradigms by dissecting molecular pathways connecting dysbiosis to systemic inflammation,enabling early detection and precision interventions.It integrates evolutionary perspectives on host–microbe interactions,emphasizing the human body as a stress-sensitive“organ”.Challenges include stan dardizing inflammatome profiling,translating findings into clinical tools,and advancing multiomics technologies.By bridging microbial ecology,immunology,and systems medicine,inflammatomics holds a transformative potential to shift health care from reactive treatment to proactive,personalized prevention,targeting disease origins shaped by chronic inflammatome dysregulation.展开更多
The design of a pressurized capillary rheometer operating at prescribed temperature is described to measure the viscosity of magnetic fluids （MFs） containing Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs）. The equipment cons...The design of a pressurized capillary rheometer operating at prescribed temperature is described to measure the viscosity of magnetic fluids （MFs） containing Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs）. The equipment constant of the rheometer was obtained using liquids with predetermined viscosities. Experimentally measured viscosities were used to evaluate different equations for suspension viscosities. Deviation of measured suspension viscosities from the Einstein equation was found to be basically due to the influence of spatial distribution and aggregation of Fe3O4 MNPs. By taking account of the coating layer on MNPs and the aggregation of MNPs in MFs, a modified Einstein equation was proposed to fit the experimental data. Moreover, the influence of external magnetic field on viscosity was also taken into account. Viscosities thus predicted are in good agreement with experimental data. Temperature effect on suspension viscosity was shown experimentally to be due to the shear-thinning behavior of the MFs.展开更多
The gut microbiota plays a key role in obesity and related metabolic disorders, and multiple factors including diet, host genotype, and age regulate it. Many studies have examined the contribution of extrinsic factors...The gut microbiota plays a key role in obesity and related metabolic disorders, and multiple factors including diet, host genotype, and age regulate it. Many studies have examined the contribution of extrinsic factors to the regulation of the gut microbiota, but the importance of the host genetic constitution cannot be ignored, lnterleukin 17A （lL-17A）, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is important in the defense against infection and diseases. Here, we investigated the association among IL-17, a high-fat diet （HFD）, and the gut microbiota. Mice deficient in 1L-17A were resistant to diet-induced obesity and related diseases. Compared with the I1-17a^-/1 mice, wild-type （WT） mice challenged with HFD showed obvious weight fluctuations, such as those seen in type 2 diabetes, and hematological changes similar to those associated with metabolic syndrome. However, housing WT mice and Il-17a^-/- mice together signifi- cantly alleviated these symptoms in the WT mice. A metagenomic analysis of the mouse feces indicated that the microbial community compositions of these two groups differed before HFD feeding. The HFD mediated shifts in the gut microbial compositions, which were associated with the mouse phenotypes. We also identified potentially beneficial and harmful species present during this period, and drew net- works of the most abundant species. A functional analysis indicated pathway changes in the WT and I1-17a^- /- mice when fed the HFD. Collectively, these data underscore the importance of the host factor IL-17A in shaping and regulating the gut microbiota, which conversely, influences the host health.展开更多
Dear Editor, Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is transmitted among mammals （including humans） primarily via the bite of infected fleas. Flea-borne transmission distinguishes Y. pestis from its progeni...Dear Editor, Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is transmitted among mammals （including humans） primarily via the bite of infected fleas. Flea-borne transmission distinguishes Y. pestis from its progenitor Y. pseudotuberculosis, which is a mild food-borne pathogen （Zhou and Yang, 2011）. In Y. pestis, transmission by fleas involves the synthesis of biofilms that physically block the flea＇s proventriculus; Y. pseudotuberculosis does not produce biofilms in fleas （Zhou and Yang, 2011）. Thus, biofllm formation may play a key role in virulence differences between the species.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Nos.2012CB518704 and 2013CB910804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31170122)the Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Department Foundation of QingHai Province(No.2013-Z-748)
文摘Bacterial pathogens have evolved various mechanisms to modulate host immune responses for successful infection. In this study, RNA- sequencing technology was used to analyze the responses of human monocytes THP1 to Yersinia pestis infection. Over 6000 genes were differentially expressed over the 12 h infection. Kinetic responses of pathogen recognition receptor signaling pathways, apoptosis, antigen processing, and presentation pathway and coagulation system were analyzed in detail. Among them, RIG-I-like receptor （RLR） signaling pathway, which was established for antiviral defense, was significantly affected. Mice lacking MAVS, the adaptor of the RLR signaling pathway, were less sensitive to infection and exhibited lower IFN-13 production, higher Thl-type cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12 production, and lower Th2-type cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 production in the serum compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, infection of pathogenic bacteria other than E pestis also altered the expression of the RLR pathway, suggesting that the response of RLR pathway to bacterial infection is a universal mechanism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Founda tion for Key Programs of China Grants(32394054 to R.Y.).
文摘Theterms“inflammatome”(holistic inflammation networks)and“inflammatomics”(anovelomicsfield)wereproposed to decode dysbiosis-driven chronic inflammation and its disease links.Inflammatomics explores microbiota–immune crosstalk,particularly innate immune interactions,revealing how dysregulated microbial communities trigger chronic inflammation underlying disorders like inflammatory bowel disease,metabolic diseases,and neurodegeneration.This discipline transcends traditional inflammation paradigms by dissecting molecular pathways connecting dysbiosis to systemic inflammation,enabling early detection and precision interventions.It integrates evolutionary perspectives on host–microbe interactions,emphasizing the human body as a stress-sensitive“organ”.Challenges include stan dardizing inflammatome profiling,translating findings into clinical tools,and advancing multiomics technologies.By bridging microbial ecology,immunology,and systems medicine,inflammatomics holds a transformative potential to shift health care from reactive treatment to proactive,personalized prevention,targeting disease origins shaped by chronic inflammatome dysregulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC,Nos.20476065 and 20736004)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of State Education Ministry,the State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Reaction of the Chinese Academy of Science(No.2003-5)the Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province,the Chemical Experiment Center of Soochow University and R&D Foundation of Nanjing Medical University(NY0586).
文摘The design of a pressurized capillary rheometer operating at prescribed temperature is described to measure the viscosity of magnetic fluids （MFs） containing Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs）. The equipment constant of the rheometer was obtained using liquids with predetermined viscosities. Experimentally measured viscosities were used to evaluate different equations for suspension viscosities. Deviation of measured suspension viscosities from the Einstein equation was found to be basically due to the influence of spatial distribution and aggregation of Fe3O4 MNPs. By taking account of the coating layer on MNPs and the aggregation of MNPs in MFs, a modified Einstein equation was proposed to fit the experimental data. Moreover, the influence of external magnetic field on viscosity was also taken into account. Viscosities thus predicted are in good agreement with experimental data. Temperature effect on suspension viscosity was shown experimentally to be due to the shear-thinning behavior of the MFs.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (2015AA020702)
文摘The gut microbiota plays a key role in obesity and related metabolic disorders, and multiple factors including diet, host genotype, and age regulate it. Many studies have examined the contribution of extrinsic factors to the regulation of the gut microbiota, but the importance of the host genetic constitution cannot be ignored, lnterleukin 17A （lL-17A）, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is important in the defense against infection and diseases. Here, we investigated the association among IL-17, a high-fat diet （HFD）, and the gut microbiota. Mice deficient in 1L-17A were resistant to diet-induced obesity and related diseases. Compared with the I1-17a^-/1 mice, wild-type （WT） mice challenged with HFD showed obvious weight fluctuations, such as those seen in type 2 diabetes, and hematological changes similar to those associated with metabolic syndrome. However, housing WT mice and Il-17a^-/- mice together signifi- cantly alleviated these symptoms in the WT mice. A metagenomic analysis of the mouse feces indicated that the microbial community compositions of these two groups differed before HFD feeding. The HFD mediated shifts in the gut microbial compositions, which were associated with the mouse phenotypes. We also identified potentially beneficial and harmful species present during this period, and drew net- works of the most abundant species. A functional analysis indicated pathway changes in the WT and I1-17a^- /- mice when fed the HFD. Collectively, these data underscore the importance of the host factor IL-17A in shaping and regulating the gut microbiota, which conversely, influences the host health.
文摘Dear Editor, Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is transmitted among mammals （including humans） primarily via the bite of infected fleas. Flea-borne transmission distinguishes Y. pestis from its progenitor Y. pseudotuberculosis, which is a mild food-borne pathogen （Zhou and Yang, 2011）. In Y. pestis, transmission by fleas involves the synthesis of biofilms that physically block the flea＇s proventriculus; Y. pseudotuberculosis does not produce biofilms in fleas （Zhou and Yang, 2011）. Thus, biofllm formation may play a key role in virulence differences between the species.
