Current liquid embolic agents face several challenges,including poor biocompatibility and vascular recanali-zation.Herein,we propose an innovative liquid embolic agent composed of a coenzyme-based polymer(poly lipoic ...Current liquid embolic agents face several challenges,including poor biocompatibility and vascular recanali-zation.Herein,we propose an innovative liquid embolic agent composed of a coenzyme-based polymer(poly lipoic acid,PLA)and a biocompatible solvent(deep eutectic solvent,DES).The agent undergoes phase trans-formation to form a stable hydrogel in situ through solvent exchange with water,thereby enabling safe and effective embolization.First,DES is obtained by heating a mixture of choline chloride(ChCl)and glycerol(Gly).Subsequently,lipoic acid(LA)is incorporated into the DES and heated to produce the PLA/DES complex.Owing to the strong hydrogen bonding between the DES and PLA,the DES acts as a solvent while also inhibiting PLA depolymerization.Upon contact with blood,most of the DES exchange with water,whereas some amount of ChCl integrates within the PLA via strong hydrogen bonding.This hydrogen bonding not only prevents PLA depoly-merization but also reinforces the PLA network,resulting in a stable PLA hydrogel rather than depolymerized LA monomers.Furthermore,liquid-metal(LM)nanoparticles are incorporated to fabricate radiopaque PLA/LM/DES.PLA/LM/DES shows better in vitro hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility,milder inflammatory response in a rat model,and more effective and safer embolization in a rabbit model than a commercial embolic agent(Onyx).Thus,this work provides an innovative liquid embolic agent and broadens the biomedical ap-plications of DES.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(22205264)the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Uni-versity Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023LSYS001)the Hundred Talents Program of Sun Yat-sen University.
文摘Current liquid embolic agents face several challenges,including poor biocompatibility and vascular recanali-zation.Herein,we propose an innovative liquid embolic agent composed of a coenzyme-based polymer(poly lipoic acid,PLA)and a biocompatible solvent(deep eutectic solvent,DES).The agent undergoes phase trans-formation to form a stable hydrogel in situ through solvent exchange with water,thereby enabling safe and effective embolization.First,DES is obtained by heating a mixture of choline chloride(ChCl)and glycerol(Gly).Subsequently,lipoic acid(LA)is incorporated into the DES and heated to produce the PLA/DES complex.Owing to the strong hydrogen bonding between the DES and PLA,the DES acts as a solvent while also inhibiting PLA depolymerization.Upon contact with blood,most of the DES exchange with water,whereas some amount of ChCl integrates within the PLA via strong hydrogen bonding.This hydrogen bonding not only prevents PLA depoly-merization but also reinforces the PLA network,resulting in a stable PLA hydrogel rather than depolymerized LA monomers.Furthermore,liquid-metal(LM)nanoparticles are incorporated to fabricate radiopaque PLA/LM/DES.PLA/LM/DES shows better in vitro hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility,milder inflammatory response in a rat model,and more effective and safer embolization in a rabbit model than a commercial embolic agent(Onyx).Thus,this work provides an innovative liquid embolic agent and broadens the biomedical ap-plications of DES.
