As one of the carriers for human communication and interaction, images are prone to contamination by noise during transmission and reception, which is often uncontrollable and unknown. Therefore, how to denoise images...As one of the carriers for human communication and interaction, images are prone to contamination by noise during transmission and reception, which is often uncontrollable and unknown. Therefore, how to denoise images contaminated by unknown noise has gradually become one of the research focuses. In order to achieve blind denoising and separation to restore images, this paper proposes a method for image processing based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by integrating multiple filtering methods for denoising. This method includes Wavelet Filtering, Gaussian Filtering, Median Filtering, Mean Filtering, Bilateral Filtering, Adaptive Bandpass Filtering, Non-local Means Filtering and Regularization Denoising suitable for different types of noise. We can apply this method to denoise images contaminated by blind noise sources and evaluate the denoising effects using RMSE. The smaller the RMSE, the better the denoising effect. The optimal denoising result is selected through comprehensively comparing the RMSE values of all methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively denoises and restores images contaminated by blind noise sources.展开更多
Spinal motoneurons control muscle fibers contraction and drive all motor behaviors in vertebrates.Although spinal motoneurons share the fundamental role of innervating muscle fibers,they exhibit remarkable diversity t...Spinal motoneurons control muscle fibers contraction and drive all motor behaviors in vertebrates.Although spinal motoneurons share the fundamental role of innervating muscle fibers,they exhibit remarkable diversity that reflects their specific identities.Defining the morphological changes during postnatal development is critical for elucidating this diversity.However,our understanding of the three-dimensional(3D)morphology of spinal motoneurons at these stages remains limited,largely due to the lack of high-throughput imaging tools.Using tiling light sheet microscopy combined with tissue clearing methods,we imaged motoneurons of the lateral and median motor column in the cervical and lumbar cord during postnatal development.By analyzing their soma size,we found that motoneurons innervating the upper limbs differentiate into two subpopulations with distinct soma size by postnatal day 14(P14),while differentiation of motoneurons innervating the lower limbs is delayed.Furthermore,coupling adenovirus labeling with 3D volumetric reconstruction,we traced and measured the number and lengths of dendrites of flexor and extensor motoneurons in the lumbar cord,finding that the number of dendrites initially increases and subsequently declines as dendritic order rises.Together,these findings provide a quantitative analysis of the 3D morphological changes underlying spinal motoneuron diversity.展开更多
Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system.Grade IV GBM is lethal,and has a high rate of relapse despite aggressive therapy.The prognosis is poor because of th...Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system.Grade IV GBM is lethal,and has a high rate of relapse despite aggressive therapy.The prognosis is poor because of therapeutic resistance and tumor relapse.1 Very low rates of clinical responses and frequent treatment failures are common.Previous studies have focused on identifying genetic alterations in GBM that have diagnostic and prognostic values and may help to define the subclasses of the GBM patients,2,3 including mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH1),amplification of epidermal growth factor receptors(EGFR),and mutations and polymorphisms of telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT)promoter.These markers are useful for identifying the pathogenesis of malignant glioma formation,but they are all associated with tumorigenesis and do not currently influence the treatment of most GBM patients.展开更多
文摘As one of the carriers for human communication and interaction, images are prone to contamination by noise during transmission and reception, which is often uncontrollable and unknown. Therefore, how to denoise images contaminated by unknown noise has gradually become one of the research focuses. In order to achieve blind denoising and separation to restore images, this paper proposes a method for image processing based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by integrating multiple filtering methods for denoising. This method includes Wavelet Filtering, Gaussian Filtering, Median Filtering, Mean Filtering, Bilateral Filtering, Adaptive Bandpass Filtering, Non-local Means Filtering and Regularization Denoising suitable for different types of noise. We can apply this method to denoise images contaminated by blind noise sources and evaluate the denoising effects using RMSE. The smaller the RMSE, the better the denoising effect. The optimal denoising result is selected through comprehensively comparing the RMSE values of all methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively denoises and restores images contaminated by blind noise sources.
基金supported by Westlake Education Foundation,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32150015)the Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation(LR20 C070002).
文摘Spinal motoneurons control muscle fibers contraction and drive all motor behaviors in vertebrates.Although spinal motoneurons share the fundamental role of innervating muscle fibers,they exhibit remarkable diversity that reflects their specific identities.Defining the morphological changes during postnatal development is critical for elucidating this diversity.However,our understanding of the three-dimensional(3D)morphology of spinal motoneurons at these stages remains limited,largely due to the lack of high-throughput imaging tools.Using tiling light sheet microscopy combined with tissue clearing methods,we imaged motoneurons of the lateral and median motor column in the cervical and lumbar cord during postnatal development.By analyzing their soma size,we found that motoneurons innervating the upper limbs differentiate into two subpopulations with distinct soma size by postnatal day 14(P14),while differentiation of motoneurons innervating the lower limbs is delayed.Furthermore,coupling adenovirus labeling with 3D volumetric reconstruction,we traced and measured the number and lengths of dendrites of flexor and extensor motoneurons in the lumbar cord,finding that the number of dendrites initially increases and subsequently declines as dendritic order rises.Together,these findings provide a quantitative analysis of the 3D morphological changes underlying spinal motoneuron diversity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81271253,and 81471162)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai,China(No.14JC1402400).
文摘Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system.Grade IV GBM is lethal,and has a high rate of relapse despite aggressive therapy.The prognosis is poor because of therapeutic resistance and tumor relapse.1 Very low rates of clinical responses and frequent treatment failures are common.Previous studies have focused on identifying genetic alterations in GBM that have diagnostic and prognostic values and may help to define the subclasses of the GBM patients,2,3 including mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH1),amplification of epidermal growth factor receptors(EGFR),and mutations and polymorphisms of telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT)promoter.These markers are useful for identifying the pathogenesis of malignant glioma formation,but they are all associated with tumorigenesis and do not currently influence the treatment of most GBM patients.
