BACKGROUND:Several observational studies have shown an association between homocysteine(Hcy)levels and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),but causal relationships are not clear.Our study aimed to explore the ...BACKGROUND:Several observational studies have shown an association between homocysteine(Hcy)levels and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),but causal relationships are not clear.Our study aimed to explore the causal relationship between plasma Hcy and COPD by two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS:A two-sample MR study was performed to infer the causal link.Genetically predicted plasma Hcy was selected as an instrumental variable(Ⅳ)from published genome-wide association study(GWAS)meta-analyses.COPD with different etiologies was extracted as outcome variables from other GWAS meta-analyses.The main MR analysis was performed using the inversevariance weighted(IVW)method.Additional analyses were further performed using Cochran’s Q-test and MR-Egger regression to evaluate the heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy of our findings.RESULTS:MR analysis showed no significant association between plasma Hcy and COPD.The results of the groups were consistent with the sensitivity analysis and repeated analysis,without heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.The IVW results showed COPD hospital admissions(odds ratio[OR]1.06,95%confidence interval[CI]0.91-1.24,P=0.42),asthma/COPD(OR 0.97,95%CI0.89-1.06,P=0.55),COPD-related chronic infection(OR 1.50,95%CI 0.57-3.99,P=0.41),COPDI asthma/interstitial lung disease(ILD)-related pneumonia or pneumonia-derived septicemia(OR 0.93,95%CI 0.86-1.02,P=0.13),and COPD-related respiratory insufficiency(OR 1.00,95%CI 0.7-1.44,P=0.99).CONCLUSION:There is no direct causal relationship between plasma Hcy and COPD in our study.As Hcy is known to have deleterious effects on endothelial function and vascular homeostasis,further studies are needed to investigate whether additional factors mediate the association between Hcy and COPD.展开更多
To ensure the safe and stable operation of superconducting magnets in fusion devices under high current and complex operating conditions,a highly reliable quench detection system was developed for the Central Solenoid...To ensure the safe and stable operation of superconducting magnets in fusion devices under high current and complex operating conditions,a highly reliable quench detection system was developed for the Central Solenoid Model Coil(CSMC)of the Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor(CFETR).The system adopts voltage-based detection as the primary criterion and implements a primary induced voltage compensation architecture based on Co-Wound Wire(CWW)and Co-Wound Tape(CWT)techniques.In addition,a secondary compensation algorithm is introduced to effectively suppress the risk of misjudgment caused by electromagnetic coupling.In the system design,a multi-redundant compensation scheme was proposed with full consideration of the magnet structure and cabling constraints.During the engineering commissioning phase,both room-temperature continuity tests and low-current compensation coefficient calibration were conducted.Induced voltage suppression tests under different current variation rates demonstrated that CWT provides superior compensation performance compared to CWW,with induced voltage suppression rates exceeding 99.8%for CWW and 99.95%for CWT.Furthermore,reliability tests under three simulated fault scenarios confirmed that the diagnostic system could accurately identify system states without false triggers,showing strong anti-interference capability and engineering stability.Ultimately,the system was successfully deployed in a high-current energization test of the CSMC,operating at up to 48kA.It maintained stable performance throughout the test without any false alarms or missed detections,verifying its feasibility and reliability under real engineering conditions.The quench detection compensation methods and system architecture proposed in this study provide a solid technical foundation and practical support for the future development and deployment of the CFETR Central Solenoid superconducting magnet quench detection system.展开更多
China achieved a major milestone in its nuclear fusion program with the successful first test campaign of the Central Solenoid Model Coil(CSMC),a critical subsystem of the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Te...China achieved a major milestone in its nuclear fusion program with the successful first test campaign of the Central Solenoid Model Coil(CSMC),a critical subsystem of the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT),completed in late 2024.The CSMC surpassed its design target by achieving a steady-state current of 48 kA(vs.47 kA design)at a peak magnetic field of 12 T.This validates essential large-scale superconducting magnet technologies for fusion reactors.The coil,constructed using Nb 3 Sn and NbTi conduc-tors,features a 1.5 m inner diameter,weighs 140 t,and stores 407.6 MJ of energy.Key challenges overcome include magnet design methodologies,complex manufacturing processes(winding,insulation,heat treatment,VPI,assembly,joints),and advanced testing/diagnostics(quench protection,cryogenic safety).Following cooldown to~4.5 K and subsystem checks,the coil demonstrated stable excitation to 48 kA.This success pro-vides crucial technical support for the construction of the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR)and advances China's pursuit of practical fusion energy.展开更多
基金supported by grants from Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(821RC557,2019RC232)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81871611,82160647)+1 种基金Finance Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province(2022YFS0602)Hainan Clinical Medical Research Center Project(LCYX202310)。
文摘BACKGROUND:Several observational studies have shown an association between homocysteine(Hcy)levels and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),but causal relationships are not clear.Our study aimed to explore the causal relationship between plasma Hcy and COPD by two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS:A two-sample MR study was performed to infer the causal link.Genetically predicted plasma Hcy was selected as an instrumental variable(Ⅳ)from published genome-wide association study(GWAS)meta-analyses.COPD with different etiologies was extracted as outcome variables from other GWAS meta-analyses.The main MR analysis was performed using the inversevariance weighted(IVW)method.Additional analyses were further performed using Cochran’s Q-test and MR-Egger regression to evaluate the heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy of our findings.RESULTS:MR analysis showed no significant association between plasma Hcy and COPD.The results of the groups were consistent with the sensitivity analysis and repeated analysis,without heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.The IVW results showed COPD hospital admissions(odds ratio[OR]1.06,95%confidence interval[CI]0.91-1.24,P=0.42),asthma/COPD(OR 0.97,95%CI0.89-1.06,P=0.55),COPD-related chronic infection(OR 1.50,95%CI 0.57-3.99,P=0.41),COPDI asthma/interstitial lung disease(ILD)-related pneumonia or pneumonia-derived septicemia(OR 0.93,95%CI 0.86-1.02,P=0.13),and COPD-related respiratory insufficiency(OR 1.00,95%CI 0.7-1.44,P=0.99).CONCLUSION:There is no direct causal relationship between plasma Hcy and COPD in our study.As Hcy is known to have deleterious effects on endothelial function and vascular homeostasis,further studies are needed to investigate whether additional factors mediate the association between Hcy and COPD.
基金supported by Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology Program of China under Contract No.2018-000052-73-01-001228。
文摘To ensure the safe and stable operation of superconducting magnets in fusion devices under high current and complex operating conditions,a highly reliable quench detection system was developed for the Central Solenoid Model Coil(CSMC)of the Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor(CFETR).The system adopts voltage-based detection as the primary criterion and implements a primary induced voltage compensation architecture based on Co-Wound Wire(CWW)and Co-Wound Tape(CWT)techniques.In addition,a secondary compensation algorithm is introduced to effectively suppress the risk of misjudgment caused by electromagnetic coupling.In the system design,a multi-redundant compensation scheme was proposed with full consideration of the magnet structure and cabling constraints.During the engineering commissioning phase,both room-temperature continuity tests and low-current compensation coefficient calibration were conducted.Induced voltage suppression tests under different current variation rates demonstrated that CWT provides superior compensation performance compared to CWW,with induced voltage suppression rates exceeding 99.8%for CWW and 99.95%for CWT.Furthermore,reliability tests under three simulated fault scenarios confirmed that the diagnostic system could accurately identify system states without false triggers,showing strong anti-interference capability and engineering stability.Ultimately,the system was successfully deployed in a high-current energization test of the CSMC,operating at up to 48kA.It maintained stable performance throughout the test without any false alarms or missed detections,verifying its feasibility and reliability under real engineering conditions.The quench detection compensation methods and system architecture proposed in this study provide a solid technical foundation and practical support for the future development and deployment of the CFETR Central Solenoid superconducting magnet quench detection system.
基金supported by Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology Program of China(Contract No.2018-000052-73-01-001228)the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program(grant No 2014GB105000).
文摘China achieved a major milestone in its nuclear fusion program with the successful first test campaign of the Central Solenoid Model Coil(CSMC),a critical subsystem of the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT),completed in late 2024.The CSMC surpassed its design target by achieving a steady-state current of 48 kA(vs.47 kA design)at a peak magnetic field of 12 T.This validates essential large-scale superconducting magnet technologies for fusion reactors.The coil,constructed using Nb 3 Sn and NbTi conduc-tors,features a 1.5 m inner diameter,weighs 140 t,and stores 407.6 MJ of energy.Key challenges overcome include magnet design methodologies,complex manufacturing processes(winding,insulation,heat treatment,VPI,assembly,joints),and advanced testing/diagnostics(quench protection,cryogenic safety).Following cooldown to~4.5 K and subsystem checks,the coil demonstrated stable excitation to 48 kA.This success pro-vides crucial technical support for the construction of the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR)and advances China's pursuit of practical fusion energy.
