Traumatic brain injury is a prevalent disorder of the central nervous system.In addition to primary brain parenchymal damage,the enduring biological consequences of traumatic brain injury pose long-term risks for pati...Traumatic brain injury is a prevalent disorder of the central nervous system.In addition to primary brain parenchymal damage,the enduring biological consequences of traumatic brain injury pose long-term risks for patients with traumatic brain injury;however,the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear,and effective intervention methods are lacking.Intestinal dysfunction is a significant consequence of traumatic brain injury.Being the most densely innervated peripheral tissue in the body,the gut possesses multiple pathways for the establishment of a bidirectional“brain-gut axis”with the central nervous system.The gut harbors a vast microbial community,and alterations of the gut niche contribute to the progression of traumatic brain injury and its unfavorable prognosis through neuronal,hormonal,and immune pathways.A comprehensive understanding of microbiota-mediated peripheral neuroimmunomodulation mechanisms is needed to enhance treatment strategies for traumatic brain injury and its associated complications.We comprehensively reviewed alterations in the gut microecological environment following traumatic brain injury,with a specific focus on the complex biological processes of peripheral nerves,immunity,and microbes triggered by traumatic brain injury,encompassing autonomic dysfunction,neuroendocrine disturbances,peripheral immunosuppression,increased intestinal barrier permeability,compromised responses of sensory nerves to microorganisms,and potential effector nuclei in the central nervous system influenced by gut microbiota.Additionally,we reviewed the mechanisms underlying secondary biological injury and the dynamic pathological responses that occur following injury to enhance our current understanding of how peripheral pathways impact the outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury.This review aimed to propose a conceptual model for future risk assessment of central nervous system-related diseases while elucidating novel insights into the bidirectional effects of the“brain-gut-microbiota axis.”展开更多
The NAC(NAM,ATAF1/2,and CUC2)is a defense-associated transcription factor(TF)family that positively regulates defense responses to pathogen infection.TaNAC069 positively regulates resistance in wheat to Puccinia triti...The NAC(NAM,ATAF1/2,and CUC2)is a defense-associated transcription factor(TF)family that positively regulates defense responses to pathogen infection.TaNAC069 positively regulates resistance in wheat to Puccinia triticina(Pt).However,the molecular mechanism of its interaction with a Pt effector is not clear.We found that Pt effector Pt-1234 interacts with TaNAC069 to subvert host immunity during Pt infection.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that expression of Pt-1234 was significantly upregulated during the early stage of Pt infection.Protein-mediated cell death assays in wheat showed that the Pt-1234 protein was unable to induce cell death in wheat near-isogenic lines carrying different leaf rust resistance genes,whereas it suppressed BAX-induced cell death in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana.Silencing of Pt-1234 by host-induced gene silencing(HIGS)significantly reduced the virulence of Pt in the susceptible wheat variety Thatcher.The C subdomain of TaNAC069 was responsible for its interaction with Pt-1234,and the E subdomain was required for TaNAC069-mediated defense responses to Pt in planta.These findings indicate that Pt utilizes Pt-1234 to interact with wheat transcription factor TaNAC069 through its C subdomain,thereby modulating wheat immunity.展开更多
In this research,we introduce an innovative approach that combines the Continuum Damage Mechanics-Finite Element Method(CDM-FEM)with the Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)-based technique,to predict the Medium-Low-Cycle...In this research,we introduce an innovative approach that combines the Continuum Damage Mechanics-Finite Element Method(CDM-FEM)with the Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)-based technique,to predict the Medium-Low-Cycle Fatigue(MLCF)life of perforated structures.First,fatigue tests are carried out on three center-perforated structures,aiming to assess their fatigue life under various strengthening conditions.These tests reveal significant variations in fatigue life,accompanied by an examination of crack initiation through the analysis of fatigue fracture surfaces.Second,an innovative fatigue life prediction methodology is applied to perforated structures,which not only forecasts the initiation of fatigue cracks but also traces the progression of damage within these structures.It leverages an elastoplastic constitutive model integrated with damage and a damage evolution model under cyclic loads.The accuracy of this approach is validated by comparison with test results,falling within the three times error band.Finally,we explore the impact of various strengthening techniques,including cross-sectional reinforcement and cold expansion,on the fatigue life and damage evolution of these structures.This is achieved through an in-depth comparative analysis of both experimental data and computational predictions,which provides valuable insights into the behavior of perforated structures under fatigue conditions in practical applications.展开更多
Drought is a natural disaster that profoundly impacts on global agricultural production,significantly reduces crop yields,and thereby poses a severe threat to worldwide food security.Addressing the challenge of effect...Drought is a natural disaster that profoundly impacts on global agricultural production,significantly reduces crop yields,and thereby poses a severe threat to worldwide food security.Addressing the challenge of effectively improving crop drought resistance(DR)to mitigate yield loss under drought conditions is a global issue.An optimal root system architecture(RSA)plays a pivotal role in enhancing the capacity of crops to efficiently uptake water and nutrients,which consequently strengthens their resilience against environmental stresses.In this review,we discuss the compositions and roles of crop RSA and summarize the most recent developments in augmenting drought tolerance in crops by manipulating RSA-related genes.Based on the current research,we propose the potential optimal RSA configuration that could be helpful in enhancing crop DR.Lastly,we discuss the existing challenges and future directions for breeding crops with enhanced DR capabilities through genetic improvements targeting RSA.展开更多
In the world of microorganisms,the genud Streptomyces is renowned as a"natural pharmacy".This genus of bacteria is the primary source of clinical antibiotics,with approximately two-thirds of antibiotics deri...In the world of microorganisms,the genud Streptomyces is renowned as a"natural pharmacy".This genus of bacteria is the primary source of clinical antibiotics,with approximately two-thirds of antibiotics derived from it.However,industrial production faces challenges such as low yields and complex regulation.This study introduces the Streptomyces multiplexed artificial control system(SMARTS):a novel"plug-and-play"dynamic regulatory framework integrating trigger,stabilizer,and multiplexer modules.This enables the cross-species,predictable,and scalable production of secondary metabolites.Evolutionary analysis of 521 quorum-sensing receptors revealed conserved DNA-binding domains,informing the design of a universal trigger.SMARTS efficiently and robustly produced baiweimycin in a 120 m3 industrial fermenter,a process validated through a closed-loop pipeline ranging from molecular mechanisms to field applications.Implementing orthogonal control and hierarchical optimization enhances the efficiency of metabolic engineering and sheds light on the evolution of Streptomyces quorum sensing.This breakthrough offers a scalable solution for industrial production and advances synthetic biology,with significant implications for agriculture,pharmaceuticals,and global health.展开更多
Over the last few decades,waterlogging stress has increasingly threatened global cotton production.Waterlogging results in reduced soil oxygen,impairing the growth and development of this valuable crop and often resul...Over the last few decades,waterlogging stress has increasingly threatened global cotton production.Waterlogging results in reduced soil oxygen,impairing the growth and development of this valuable crop and often resulting in severe yield loss or crop failure.However,as cotton has an indeterminate growth habit,it is able to adapt to waterlogging stress by activating three mechanisms:the escape,quiescence,and self-regulating compensation mechanisms.The escape mechanism includes accelerated growth,formation of adventitious roots,and production of aerenchyma.The quiescence mechanism involves reduced biomass accumulation and energy dissipation via physiological,biochemical,and molecular events.The self-regulation compensation mechanism allows plants to exploit their indeterminate growth habit and compensatory growth ability by accelerating growth and development following relief from waterlogging stress.We review how the growth and development of cotton is impaired by waterlogging,focusing on the three strategies associated with tolerance and adaptation to the stress.We discuss agronomic measures and prospects for mitigating the adverse effects of waterlogging stress.展开更多
Drought is one of the primary abiotic stress factors affecting the yield,growth,and development of soybeans.In extreme cases,drought can reduce yield by more than 50%.The seedling stage is an important determinant of ...Drought is one of the primary abiotic stress factors affecting the yield,growth,and development of soybeans.In extreme cases,drought can reduce yield by more than 50%.The seedling stage is an important determinant of soybean growth:the number and vigor of seedlings will affect growth and yield at harvest.Therefore,it is important to study the drought resistance of soybean seedlings.In this study,a recombinant inbred line(RIL)population comprising 234 F_(6:10)lines(derived from Zhonghuang35×Jindou 21)and a panel of 259 soybean accessions was subjected to drought conditions to identify the effects on phenotypic traits under these conditions.Using a genetic map constructed by single nucleotide polymorphism(SNPs)markers,18 quantitative trait loci(QTL)on 7 soybean chromosomes were identified in two environments.This included 9 QTL clusters identified in the RIL population.Fifty-three QTL were identified in 19 soybean chromosomes by genome-wide association analysis(GWAS)in the panel of accessions,including 69 significant SNPs(-log_(10)(P)≥3.97).A combination of the two populations revealed that two SNPs(-log_(10)(P)≥3.0)fell within two of the QTL(qPH7-4 and qPH7-6)confidence intervals.We not only re-located several previously reported drought-resistance genes in soybean and other crops but also identified several non-synonymous stress-related mutation site differences between the two parents,involving Glyma.07 g093000,Glyma.07 g093200,Glyma.07 g094100 and Glyma.07 g094200.One previously unreported new gene related to drought stress,Glyma.07 g094200,was found by regional association analysis.The significant SNP CHR7-17619(G/T)was within an exon of the Glyma.07 g094200 gene.In the RIL population,the DSP value of the"T"allele of CHR7-17619 was significantly(P<0.05)larger than the"G"allele in different environments.The results of our study lay the groundwork for cloning and molecular marker-assisted selection of droughtresistance genes in soybeans at the seedling stage.展开更多
To date,with the increasing attention of countries to urban drainage system,more and more regions around the world have begun to build water conveyance tunnels,sewage pressure deep tunnels and so on.However,the suffic...To date,with the increasing attention of countries to urban drainage system,more and more regions around the world have begun to build water conveyance tunnels,sewage pressure deep tunnels and so on.However,the sufficient bearing capacity and corrosion resistance of the structure,which can ensure the actual service life and safety of the tunnel,remain to be further improved.Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics(GFRP)pipe,with light weight,high strength and corrosion resistance,has the potential to be applied to the deep tunnel structure.This paper proposed a new composite structure of deep tunnel lined with GFRP pipe,which consisted of three layers of concrete segment,cement paste and GFRP pipe.A new pipe-soil spring element model was proposed for the pipesoil interaction with gaps.Based on the C3D8R solid model and the Combin39 spring model,the finite element numerical analysis of the internal pressure status and external pressure stability of the structure was carried out.Combined with the checking calculation of the theoretical formula,the reliability of the two finite element models was confirmed.A set of numerical analysis methods for the design and optimization of the three-layer structure was established.The results showed that from the internal GFRP pipe to the outer concrete pipe,the pressure decreased from 0.5 to 0.32 MPa,due to the internal pressure was mainly undertaken by the inner GFRP pipe.The allowable buckling pressure of GFRP pipe under the cover of 5 GPa high modulus cement paste was 2.66 MPa.The application of GFRP pipe not only improves the overall performance of the deep tunnel structure but also improves the construction quality and safety.The three-layer structure built in this work is safe and economical.展开更多
The lack of fresh water in the world makes the search for an effective method to decontaminate water an urgent priority.An important step is to remove different multivalent ions in salt treatment.Nanofiltration(NF)has...The lack of fresh water in the world makes the search for an effective method to decontaminate water an urgent priority.An important step is to remove different multivalent ions in salt treatment.Nanofiltration(NF)has been used for treating water containing different kinds of salts.In this work,sulfonate group-modified graphene oxide(SGO)was prepared,and added during the interfacial polymerization(IP)reaction to prepare SGO-modifiedNF membranes(PA-SGO).The chemical composition,structure and surface properties of PA and PA-SGO membranes were characterized by FT-IR,XPS,SEM,AFM,contact angle and zeta potential measurements.Their water flux,salt rejection and antifouling abilities were investigated systematically.The testing results showed that the water flux of PA-SGO(0.03%SGO)was 45.85 LMH under a pressure of 0.2 MPa,and the salt rejection varied in the order of Na_2SO_4(98.99%)>MgSO_4(91.25%)>MgCl_2(42.27%)>NaCl(21.96%).An anti-fouling experiment indicated that the PA-SGO membrane had good anti-fouling properties because of its decreased roughness and increased hydrophilicity and electronegativity.The PA-SGO membrane has good potential for use in removing salt ions from water.展开更多
In this work,a six-bed pressure swing adsorption(PSA)process was investigated to produce medical oxygen from air,which uses the combination of six-way rotating distribution valve and PSA and has the main advantage of ...In this work,a six-bed pressure swing adsorption(PSA)process was investigated to produce medical oxygen from air,which uses the combination of six-way rotating distribution valve and PSA and has the main advantage of effectively saving space compared to the traditional two-bed or four-bed PSA process and can obtain greater productivity.The mathematical model of adsorption beds was developed based on the separation mechanism and the interaction among different equipment.Moreover,a pilot-scale device has been constructed to verify the accuracy of mathematical model by experiment.The oxygen product conformed to the medical standard(>93%(vol))with a recovery of over 57%.Some related parameters were also discussed in detail,such as step time,ratio of length to the diameter,flow rate of product.展开更多
Vacuolar Phosphate Transporter1(VPT1)-mediated phosphate uptake in the vacuoles is essential to plant development and fruit ripening.Interestingly,here we find that the VPT1 may transport sugar in response to soluble ...Vacuolar Phosphate Transporter1(VPT1)-mediated phosphate uptake in the vacuoles is essential to plant development and fruit ripening.Interestingly,here we find that the VPT1 may transport sugar in response to soluble sugar status of fruits.The VvVPT1 protein isolated from grape(Vitis vinifera)berrieswas tonoplast-localized and contains SPX(Syg1/Pho81/XPR1)and MFS(major facilitator superfamily)domains.Its mRNA expression was significantly increased during fruit ripening and induced by sucrose.Functional analyses based on transient transgenic systems in grape berry showed that VvVPT1 positively regulated berry ripening and significantly affected hexose contents,fruit firmness,and ripening-related gene expression.The VPT1 proteins(Grape VvVPT1,strawberry FaVPT1,and Arabidopsis AtVPT1)all showed low affinity for phosphate verified in yeast system,while they appear different in sugar transport capacity,consistent with fruit sugar status.Thus,our findings reveal a role for VPT1 in fruit ripening,associated to its SPX and MFS domains in direct transport of soluble sugar available into the vacuole,and open potential avenues for genetic improvement in fleshy fruit.展开更多
Maize（Zea mays L.） is a commercially important crop.Its yield can be reduced by mutations in biosynthetic and degradative pathways that cause death.In this paper,we describe the necrotic leaf（nec-t） mutant,which w...Maize（Zea mays L.） is a commercially important crop.Its yield can be reduced by mutations in biosynthetic and degradative pathways that cause death.In this paper,we describe the necrotic leaf（nec-t） mutant,which was obtained from an inbred line,81647.The nec-t mutant plants had yellow leaves with necrotic spots,reduced chlorophyll content,and the etiolated seedlings died under normal growth conditions.Transmission electron microscopy revealed scattered thylakoids,and reduced numbers of grana lamellae and chloroplasts per cell.Histochemical staining suggested that spot formation of nec-t leaves might be due to cell death.Genetic analysis showed that necrosis was caused by the mutation of a recessive locus.Using simple sequence repeat markers,the Nec-t gene was mapped between mmc0111 and bnlg2277 on the short arm of chromosome 2.A total of 1287 individuals with the mutant phenotype from a F_2 population were used for physical mapping.The Nec-t gene was located between markers T31 and H8 within a physical region of 131.7 kb.展开更多
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the effect of CDA-2, a selective inhibitor of abnormal methylation enzymes in cancer cells, on the therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy. METHODS Advanced ...OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the effect of CDA-2, a selective inhibitor of abnormal methylation enzymes in cancer cells, on the therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy. METHODS Advanced cancer patients, all of whom had previously undergone chemotherapy, were randomly divided into 2 groups, one receiving chemotherapy only as the control group, and the other receiving CDA-2 in addition to chemotherapy as the combination group. The therapeutic efficacies and the toxic maniestations of the 2 groups were compared based on the WHO criteria. RESULTS Of 454 cancer patients enrolled in phase Ⅲ clinical trials of CDA-2, 80, 188, and 186 were breast cancer, NSCLC, and primary hepatoma patients, respectively. Among them 378 patients completed treatments according to the protocols. The results showed that the overall effective rate of the combination group was 2.6 fold that of the control group, 4.8 fold in the case of breast cancer, 2.3 fold in the case of primary hepatoma, and 2.2 fold in the case of NSCLC. Surprisingly, the combination therapy appeared to work better for stage Ⅳ than stage Ⅲ patients. CDA-2 did not contribute additional toxicity. On the contrary, it reduced toxic manifestations of chemotherapy, particularly regarding white blood cells, nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSION Modulation of abnormal methylation enzymes by CDA-2 is definitely helpful to supplement chemotherapy. It significantly increased the therapeutic efficacy and reduced the toxic manifestation of cytotoxic chemotherapy on breast cancer and NSCLC.展开更多
The adoption of cold-extrusion forming for internal thread net forming becomes an important component of anti-fatigue processing with the development of internal thread processing towards high performance, low cost an...The adoption of cold-extrusion forming for internal thread net forming becomes an important component of anti-fatigue processing with the development of internal thread processing towards high performance, low cost and low energy consumption. It has vast application foreground in the field of aviation, spaceflight, high speed train and etc. The internal thread processing and anti-fatigue manufacture technology are summarized. In terms of the perspective of processing quality and fatigue serving life, the advantages and disadvantages of the processing methods from are compared. The internal thread cold-extrusion processing technology is investigated for the purpose of improving the anti-fatigue serving life of internal thread. The superiorities of the plastic deformation law and surface integrity of the metal layer in the course of cold extrusion for improving its stability and economy are summed up. The proposed research forecasts the develop- ment tendency of the internal thread anti-fatigue manufacturing technology.展开更多
Deep-sea pipelines play a pivotal role in seabed mineral resource development,global energy and resource supply provision,network communication,and environmental protection.However,the placement of these pipelines on ...Deep-sea pipelines play a pivotal role in seabed mineral resource development,global energy and resource supply provision,network communication,and environmental protection.However,the placement of these pipelines on the seabed surface exposes them to potential risks arising from the complex deep-sea hydrodynamic and geological environment,particularly submarine slides.Historical incidents have highlighted the substantial damage to pipelines due to slides.Specifically,deep-sea fluidized slides(in a debris/mud flow or turbidity current physical state),characterized by high speed,pose a significant threat.Accurately assessing the impact forces exerted on pipelines by fluidized submarine slides is crucial for ensuring pipeline safety.This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in understanding pipeline impact forces caused by fluidized deep-sea slides,thereby identifying key factors and corresponding mechanisms that influence pipeline impact forces.These factors include the velocity,density,and shear behavior of deep-sea fluidized slides,as well as the geometry,stiffness,self-weight,and mechanical model of pipelines.Additionally,the interface contact conditions and spatial relations were examined within the context of deep-sea slides and their interactions with pipelines.Building upon a thorough review of these achievements,future directions were proposed for assessing and characterizing the key factors affecting slide impact loading on pipelines.A comprehensive understanding of these results is essential for the sustainable development of deep-sea pipeline projects associated with seabed resource development and the implementation of disaster prevention measures.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82174112(to PZ)Science and Technology Project of Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine,No.22HHZYSS00015(to PZ)State-Sponsored Postdoctoral Researcher Program,No.GZC20231925(to LN)。
文摘Traumatic brain injury is a prevalent disorder of the central nervous system.In addition to primary brain parenchymal damage,the enduring biological consequences of traumatic brain injury pose long-term risks for patients with traumatic brain injury;however,the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear,and effective intervention methods are lacking.Intestinal dysfunction is a significant consequence of traumatic brain injury.Being the most densely innervated peripheral tissue in the body,the gut possesses multiple pathways for the establishment of a bidirectional“brain-gut axis”with the central nervous system.The gut harbors a vast microbial community,and alterations of the gut niche contribute to the progression of traumatic brain injury and its unfavorable prognosis through neuronal,hormonal,and immune pathways.A comprehensive understanding of microbiota-mediated peripheral neuroimmunomodulation mechanisms is needed to enhance treatment strategies for traumatic brain injury and its associated complications.We comprehensively reviewed alterations in the gut microecological environment following traumatic brain injury,with a specific focus on the complex biological processes of peripheral nerves,immunity,and microbes triggered by traumatic brain injury,encompassing autonomic dysfunction,neuroendocrine disturbances,peripheral immunosuppression,increased intestinal barrier permeability,compromised responses of sensory nerves to microorganisms,and potential effector nuclei in the central nervous system influenced by gut microbiota.Additionally,we reviewed the mechanisms underlying secondary biological injury and the dynamic pathological responses that occur following injury to enhance our current understanding of how peripheral pathways impact the outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury.This review aimed to propose a conceptual model for future risk assessment of central nervous system-related diseases while elucidating novel insights into the bidirectional effects of the“brain-gut-microbiota axis.”
基金funded by State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation(NCCIR2023ZZ-10)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172384 and 31501623)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei(C2020204028)the Science and Technology Research Project of Higher Education of Hebei(ZC2023178).
文摘The NAC(NAM,ATAF1/2,and CUC2)is a defense-associated transcription factor(TF)family that positively regulates defense responses to pathogen infection.TaNAC069 positively regulates resistance in wheat to Puccinia triticina(Pt).However,the molecular mechanism of its interaction with a Pt effector is not clear.We found that Pt effector Pt-1234 interacts with TaNAC069 to subvert host immunity during Pt infection.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that expression of Pt-1234 was significantly upregulated during the early stage of Pt infection.Protein-mediated cell death assays in wheat showed that the Pt-1234 protein was unable to induce cell death in wheat near-isogenic lines carrying different leaf rust resistance genes,whereas it suppressed BAX-induced cell death in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana.Silencing of Pt-1234 by host-induced gene silencing(HIGS)significantly reduced the virulence of Pt in the susceptible wheat variety Thatcher.The C subdomain of TaNAC069 was responsible for its interaction with Pt-1234,and the E subdomain was required for TaNAC069-mediated defense responses to Pt in planta.These findings indicate that Pt utilizes Pt-1234 to interact with wheat transcription factor TaNAC069 through its C subdomain,thereby modulating wheat immunity.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12472072)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China.
文摘In this research,we introduce an innovative approach that combines the Continuum Damage Mechanics-Finite Element Method(CDM-FEM)with the Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)-based technique,to predict the Medium-Low-Cycle Fatigue(MLCF)life of perforated structures.First,fatigue tests are carried out on three center-perforated structures,aiming to assess their fatigue life under various strengthening conditions.These tests reveal significant variations in fatigue life,accompanied by an examination of crack initiation through the analysis of fatigue fracture surfaces.Second,an innovative fatigue life prediction methodology is applied to perforated structures,which not only forecasts the initiation of fatigue cracks but also traces the progression of damage within these structures.It leverages an elastoplastic constitutive model integrated with damage and a damage evolution model under cyclic loads.The accuracy of this approach is validated by comparison with test results,falling within the three times error band.Finally,we explore the impact of various strengthening techniques,including cross-sectional reinforcement and cold expansion,on the fatigue life and damage evolution of these structures.This is achieved through an in-depth comparative analysis of both experimental data and computational predictions,which provides valuable insights into the behavior of perforated structures under fatigue conditions in practical applications.
基金supported by the Key Technologies Research and Development Program,China(2022YFE0100500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971954,31960405,32061143031)+2 种基金Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab and China National Seed Group(B23YQ1510)Gansu Province Industrial Support Plan(2022CYZC-46)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20230909).
文摘Drought is a natural disaster that profoundly impacts on global agricultural production,significantly reduces crop yields,and thereby poses a severe threat to worldwide food security.Addressing the challenge of effectively improving crop drought resistance(DR)to mitigate yield loss under drought conditions is a global issue.An optimal root system architecture(RSA)plays a pivotal role in enhancing the capacity of crops to efficiently uptake water and nutrients,which consequently strengthens their resilience against environmental stresses.In this review,we discuss the compositions and roles of crop RSA and summarize the most recent developments in augmenting drought tolerance in crops by manipulating RSA-related genes.Based on the current research,we propose the potential optimal RSA configuration that could be helpful in enhancing crop DR.Lastly,we discuss the existing challenges and future directions for breeding crops with enhanced DR capabilities through genetic improvements targeting RSA.
基金the Program for the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1700204)the National Natural Science Foundation(32272580).
文摘In the world of microorganisms,the genud Streptomyces is renowned as a"natural pharmacy".This genus of bacteria is the primary source of clinical antibiotics,with approximately two-thirds of antibiotics derived from it.However,industrial production faces challenges such as low yields and complex regulation.This study introduces the Streptomyces multiplexed artificial control system(SMARTS):a novel"plug-and-play"dynamic regulatory framework integrating trigger,stabilizer,and multiplexer modules.This enables the cross-species,predictable,and scalable production of secondary metabolites.Evolutionary analysis of 521 quorum-sensing receptors revealed conserved DNA-binding domains,informing the design of a universal trigger.SMARTS efficiently and robustly produced baiweimycin in a 120 m3 industrial fermenter,a process validated through a closed-loop pipeline ranging from molecular mechanisms to field applications.Implementing orthogonal control and hierarchical optimization enhances the efficiency of metabolic engineering and sheds light on the evolution of Streptomyces quorum sensing.This breakthrough offers a scalable solution for industrial production and advances synthetic biology,with significant implications for agriculture,pharmaceuticals,and global health.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000907)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771718,31801307)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2018BC033)Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2016B05 and CXGC2018E06).
文摘Over the last few decades,waterlogging stress has increasingly threatened global cotton production.Waterlogging results in reduced soil oxygen,impairing the growth and development of this valuable crop and often resulting in severe yield loss or crop failure.However,as cotton has an indeterminate growth habit,it is able to adapt to waterlogging stress by activating three mechanisms:the escape,quiescence,and self-regulating compensation mechanisms.The escape mechanism includes accelerated growth,formation of adventitious roots,and production of aerenchyma.The quiescence mechanism involves reduced biomass accumulation and energy dissipation via physiological,biochemical,and molecular events.The self-regulation compensation mechanism allows plants to exploit their indeterminate growth habit and compensatory growth ability by accelerating growth and development following relief from waterlogging stress.We review how the growth and development of cotton is impaired by waterlogging,focusing on the three strategies associated with tolerance and adaptation to the stress.We discuss agronomic measures and prospects for mitigating the adverse effects of waterlogging stress.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100201)Scientific Research Conditions Construction and Achievement Transformation Project of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Modern Biological Breeding)(2019GAAS07)+1 种基金Science and Technology Major Project of Gansu Province(18ZD2NA008)Crop Germplasm Resources Protection(2017NWB036-5)。
文摘Drought is one of the primary abiotic stress factors affecting the yield,growth,and development of soybeans.In extreme cases,drought can reduce yield by more than 50%.The seedling stage is an important determinant of soybean growth:the number and vigor of seedlings will affect growth and yield at harvest.Therefore,it is important to study the drought resistance of soybean seedlings.In this study,a recombinant inbred line(RIL)population comprising 234 F_(6:10)lines(derived from Zhonghuang35×Jindou 21)and a panel of 259 soybean accessions was subjected to drought conditions to identify the effects on phenotypic traits under these conditions.Using a genetic map constructed by single nucleotide polymorphism(SNPs)markers,18 quantitative trait loci(QTL)on 7 soybean chromosomes were identified in two environments.This included 9 QTL clusters identified in the RIL population.Fifty-three QTL were identified in 19 soybean chromosomes by genome-wide association analysis(GWAS)in the panel of accessions,including 69 significant SNPs(-log_(10)(P)≥3.97).A combination of the two populations revealed that two SNPs(-log_(10)(P)≥3.0)fell within two of the QTL(qPH7-4 and qPH7-6)confidence intervals.We not only re-located several previously reported drought-resistance genes in soybean and other crops but also identified several non-synonymous stress-related mutation site differences between the two parents,involving Glyma.07 g093000,Glyma.07 g093200,Glyma.07 g094100 and Glyma.07 g094200.One previously unreported new gene related to drought stress,Glyma.07 g094200,was found by regional association analysis.The significant SNP CHR7-17619(G/T)was within an exon of the Glyma.07 g094200 gene.In the RIL population,the DSP value of the"T"allele of CHR7-17619 was significantly(P<0.05)larger than the"G"allele in different environments.The results of our study lay the groundwork for cloning and molecular marker-assisted selection of droughtresistance genes in soybeans at the seedling stage.
基金This project was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2018IB001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2019III130CG).
文摘To date,with the increasing attention of countries to urban drainage system,more and more regions around the world have begun to build water conveyance tunnels,sewage pressure deep tunnels and so on.However,the sufficient bearing capacity and corrosion resistance of the structure,which can ensure the actual service life and safety of the tunnel,remain to be further improved.Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics(GFRP)pipe,with light weight,high strength and corrosion resistance,has the potential to be applied to the deep tunnel structure.This paper proposed a new composite structure of deep tunnel lined with GFRP pipe,which consisted of three layers of concrete segment,cement paste and GFRP pipe.A new pipe-soil spring element model was proposed for the pipesoil interaction with gaps.Based on the C3D8R solid model and the Combin39 spring model,the finite element numerical analysis of the internal pressure status and external pressure stability of the structure was carried out.Combined with the checking calculation of the theoretical formula,the reliability of the two finite element models was confirmed.A set of numerical analysis methods for the design and optimization of the three-layer structure was established.The results showed that from the internal GFRP pipe to the outer concrete pipe,the pressure decreased from 0.5 to 0.32 MPa,due to the internal pressure was mainly undertaken by the inner GFRP pipe.The allowable buckling pressure of GFRP pipe under the cover of 5 GPa high modulus cement paste was 2.66 MPa.The application of GFRP pipe not only improves the overall performance of the deep tunnel structure but also improves the construction quality and safety.The three-layer structure built in this work is safe and economical.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21476248, 21878323, 21736001, 21776153)Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (No.2015ZX07406006)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (No. 2011039)
文摘The lack of fresh water in the world makes the search for an effective method to decontaminate water an urgent priority.An important step is to remove different multivalent ions in salt treatment.Nanofiltration(NF)has been used for treating water containing different kinds of salts.In this work,sulfonate group-modified graphene oxide(SGO)was prepared,and added during the interfacial polymerization(IP)reaction to prepare SGO-modifiedNF membranes(PA-SGO).The chemical composition,structure and surface properties of PA and PA-SGO membranes were characterized by FT-IR,XPS,SEM,AFM,contact angle and zeta potential measurements.Their water flux,salt rejection and antifouling abilities were investigated systematically.The testing results showed that the water flux of PA-SGO(0.03%SGO)was 45.85 LMH under a pressure of 0.2 MPa,and the salt rejection varied in the order of Na_2SO_4(98.99%)>MgSO_4(91.25%)>MgCl_2(42.27%)>NaCl(21.96%).An anti-fouling experiment indicated that the PA-SGO membrane had good anti-fouling properties because of its decreased roughness and increased hydrophilicity and electronegativity.The PA-SGO membrane has good potential for use in removing salt ions from water.
基金supported by Major military logistics research pro-jects(AWS13Z006)National Key Research and Development program of China(2017YFC0806404).
文摘In this work,a six-bed pressure swing adsorption(PSA)process was investigated to produce medical oxygen from air,which uses the combination of six-way rotating distribution valve and PSA and has the main advantage of effectively saving space compared to the traditional two-bed or four-bed PSA process and can obtain greater productivity.The mathematical model of adsorption beds was developed based on the separation mechanism and the interaction among different equipment.Moreover,a pilot-scale device has been constructed to verify the accuracy of mathematical model by experiment.The oxygen product conformed to the medical standard(>93%(vol))with a recovery of over 57%.Some related parameters were also discussed in detail,such as step time,ratio of length to the diameter,flow rate of product.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Projects 32030100,32102362),Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(6222004)National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFD1000200)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Support Program(BUA-HHXD2022005)Research and Innovation Ability Improvement Program for Young Teachers of Beijing University of Agriculture.
文摘Vacuolar Phosphate Transporter1(VPT1)-mediated phosphate uptake in the vacuoles is essential to plant development and fruit ripening.Interestingly,here we find that the VPT1 may transport sugar in response to soluble sugar status of fruits.The VvVPT1 protein isolated from grape(Vitis vinifera)berrieswas tonoplast-localized and contains SPX(Syg1/Pho81/XPR1)and MFS(major facilitator superfamily)domains.Its mRNA expression was significantly increased during fruit ripening and induced by sucrose.Functional analyses based on transient transgenic systems in grape berry showed that VvVPT1 positively regulated berry ripening and significantly affected hexose contents,fruit firmness,and ripening-related gene expression.The VPT1 proteins(Grape VvVPT1,strawberry FaVPT1,and Arabidopsis AtVPT1)all showed low affinity for phosphate verified in yeast system,while they appear different in sugar transport capacity,consistent with fruit sugar status.Thus,our findings reveal a role for VPT1 in fruit ripening,associated to its SPX and MFS domains in direct transport of soluble sugar available into the vacuole,and open potential avenues for genetic improvement in fleshy fruit.
基金financially supported by the grants from the Agriculture Thoroughbred Industrialization of Shandong Province(No.2011-7)the Ministry of Agriculture of China(Nos.2008ZX08003-003 and 2009ZX08003-023B)the National High-tech‘863' Program of China(No. 2012AA101104)
文摘Maize（Zea mays L.） is a commercially important crop.Its yield can be reduced by mutations in biosynthetic and degradative pathways that cause death.In this paper,we describe the necrotic leaf（nec-t） mutant,which was obtained from an inbred line,81647.The nec-t mutant plants had yellow leaves with necrotic spots,reduced chlorophyll content,and the etiolated seedlings died under normal growth conditions.Transmission electron microscopy revealed scattered thylakoids,and reduced numbers of grana lamellae and chloroplasts per cell.Histochemical staining suggested that spot formation of nec-t leaves might be due to cell death.Genetic analysis showed that necrosis was caused by the mutation of a recessive locus.Using simple sequence repeat markers,the Nec-t gene was mapped between mmc0111 and bnlg2277 on the short arm of chromosome 2.A total of 1287 individuals with the mutant phenotype from a F_2 population were used for physical mapping.The Nec-t gene was located between markers T31 and H8 within a physical region of 131.7 kb.
文摘OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the effect of CDA-2, a selective inhibitor of abnormal methylation enzymes in cancer cells, on the therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy. METHODS Advanced cancer patients, all of whom had previously undergone chemotherapy, were randomly divided into 2 groups, one receiving chemotherapy only as the control group, and the other receiving CDA-2 in addition to chemotherapy as the combination group. The therapeutic efficacies and the toxic maniestations of the 2 groups were compared based on the WHO criteria. RESULTS Of 454 cancer patients enrolled in phase Ⅲ clinical trials of CDA-2, 80, 188, and 186 were breast cancer, NSCLC, and primary hepatoma patients, respectively. Among them 378 patients completed treatments according to the protocols. The results showed that the overall effective rate of the combination group was 2.6 fold that of the control group, 4.8 fold in the case of breast cancer, 2.3 fold in the case of primary hepatoma, and 2.2 fold in the case of NSCLC. Surprisingly, the combination therapy appeared to work better for stage Ⅳ than stage Ⅲ patients. CDA-2 did not contribute additional toxicity. On the contrary, it reduced toxic manifestations of chemotherapy, particularly regarding white blood cells, nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSION Modulation of abnormal methylation enzymes by CDA-2 is definitely helpful to supplement chemotherapy. It significantly increased the therapeutic efficacy and reduced the toxic manifestation of cytotoxic chemotherapy on breast cancer and NSCLC.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51672241)International Cooperation Foundation of Ministry of Agriculture of China(Grant No.20162003)+2 种基金Collaborative Innovation Program of Industry University Research of Jiangsu Province China(Grant No.BE2015113)Young and Middle-aged Academic Leaders of Universities‘‘Qinglan Project’’of Jiangsu Province 2016Foundation of Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment Ministry of Agriculture,China(Grant No.201604003)
文摘The adoption of cold-extrusion forming for internal thread net forming becomes an important component of anti-fatigue processing with the development of internal thread processing towards high performance, low cost and low energy consumption. It has vast application foreground in the field of aviation, spaceflight, high speed train and etc. The internal thread processing and anti-fatigue manufacture technology are summarized. In terms of the perspective of processing quality and fatigue serving life, the advantages and disadvantages of the processing methods from are compared. The internal thread cold-extrusion processing technology is investigated for the purpose of improving the anti-fatigue serving life of internal thread. The superiorities of the plastic deformation law and surface integrity of the metal layer in the course of cold extrusion for improving its stability and economy are summed up. The proposed research forecasts the develop- ment tendency of the internal thread anti-fatigue manufacturing technology.
基金supported by the opening fund of State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering at Dalian University of Technology(No.LP2310)the opening fund of State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection at Chengdu University of Technology(No.SKLGP2023K001)+2 种基金the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering with grant at Ocean University of China(No.kloe200301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42022052,42077272 and 52108337)the Science and Technology Innovation Serve Project of Wenzhou Association for Science and Technology(No.KJFW65).
文摘Deep-sea pipelines play a pivotal role in seabed mineral resource development,global energy and resource supply provision,network communication,and environmental protection.However,the placement of these pipelines on the seabed surface exposes them to potential risks arising from the complex deep-sea hydrodynamic and geological environment,particularly submarine slides.Historical incidents have highlighted the substantial damage to pipelines due to slides.Specifically,deep-sea fluidized slides(in a debris/mud flow or turbidity current physical state),characterized by high speed,pose a significant threat.Accurately assessing the impact forces exerted on pipelines by fluidized submarine slides is crucial for ensuring pipeline safety.This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in understanding pipeline impact forces caused by fluidized deep-sea slides,thereby identifying key factors and corresponding mechanisms that influence pipeline impact forces.These factors include the velocity,density,and shear behavior of deep-sea fluidized slides,as well as the geometry,stiffness,self-weight,and mechanical model of pipelines.Additionally,the interface contact conditions and spatial relations were examined within the context of deep-sea slides and their interactions with pipelines.Building upon a thorough review of these achievements,future directions were proposed for assessing and characterizing the key factors affecting slide impact loading on pipelines.A comprehensive understanding of these results is essential for the sustainable development of deep-sea pipeline projects associated with seabed resource development and the implementation of disaster prevention measures.
