The conversion of waste resources into fertilizer represents a crucial strategy for optimizing waste utilization and attaining"carbon peak and neutrality"objectives.This approach not only effectively mitigat...The conversion of waste resources into fertilizer represents a crucial strategy for optimizing waste utilization and attaining"carbon peak and neutrality"objectives.This approach not only effectively mitigates greenhouse gas emissions but also enhances the organic matter content in soil,thereby supporting the advancement of sustainable agriculture.Currently,the principal fertilizer production technologies utilizing solid waste resources encompass hydrothermal fertilizer production,aerobic fermentation,wrapping fertilizer production,micro-storage fertilizer production,and biochemical rapid decomposition.This paper examines the applicability and limitations of these technologies in practical contexts,and anticipates their developmental trends and future prospects.It aims to offer practical guidance and constructive support for the resource utilization of solid waste and the sustainable development of related industries.展开更多
We derive the gravitational-wave(GW)strain upper limits from resolvable supermassive black-hole binaries using the data from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope,in the context of the Chinese Puls...We derive the gravitational-wave(GW)strain upper limits from resolvable supermassive black-hole binaries using the data from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope,in the context of the Chinese Pulsar Timing Array project.We focus on circular orbits in theμHz GW frequency band between 10^(−7)and 3×10^(−6)Hz.This frequency band is higher than the traditional pulsar timing array band and is less explored.We used the data of the millisecond pulsar PSR J1713+5307 observed between 2019 August and 2021 April.A dense observation campaign was carried out in 2020 September to allow for theμHz band coverage.Our sky-averaged continuous source upper limit at the 95%confidence level at 1μHz is 1.26×10^(−12),while the same limit in the direction of the pulsar is 4.77×10^(−13).展开更多
This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their...This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their applications in agricultural pest control.Furthermore,the paper examines the future developmental directions of M.alternifolia essential oil in pest control,along with the current challenges associated with its application.The aim is to offer insights for future research on botanical essential oils,particularly regarding their biological functions and applications in agricultural pest control.展开更多
Observing and timing a group of millisecond pulsars with high rotational stability enables the direct detection of gravitational waves(GWs).The GW signals can be identified from the spatial correlations encoded in the...Observing and timing a group of millisecond pulsars with high rotational stability enables the direct detection of gravitational waves(GWs).The GW signals can be identified from the spatial correlations encoded in the times-of-arrival of widely spaced pulsar-pairs.The Chinese Pulsar Timing Array(CPTA)is a collaboration aiming at the direct GW detection with observations carried out using Chinese radio telescopes.This short article serves as a“table of contents”for a forthcoming series of papers related to the CPTA Data Release 1(CPTA DR1)which uses observations from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope.Here,after summarizing the time span and accuracy of CPTA DR1,we report the key results of our statistical inference finding a correlated signal with amplitude logA_(c)=-14.4_(-2.8)^(+1.0)for spectral index in the range ofα∈[-1.8,1.5]assuming a GW background(GWB)induced quadrupolar correlation.The search for the Hellings–Downs(HD)correlation curve is also presented,where some evidence for the HD correlation has been found that a 4.6σstatistical significance is achieved using the discrete frequency method around the frequency of 14 n Hz.We expect that the future International Pulsar Timing Array data analysis and the next CPTA data release will be more sensitive to the n Hz GWB,which could verify the current results.展开更多
Massive binaries play significant roles in many fields.Identifying massive stars,particularly massive binaries,is of great importance.In this paper,by adopting the technique of measuring the equivalent widths of sever...Massive binaries play significant roles in many fields.Identifying massive stars,particularly massive binaries,is of great importance.In this paper,by adopting the technique of measuring the equivalent widths of several spectral lines,we identified 9382 early-type stars from the LAMOST medium-resolution survey and divided the sample into four groups,T1(~O-B4),T2(~B5),T3(~B7)and T4(~B8-A).The relative radial velocities RVrelwere calculated using Maximum Likelihood Estimation.The stars with significant changes of RVreland at least larger than 15.57 km s-1 were identified as spectroscopic binaries.We found that the observed spectroscopic binary fractions for the four groups are 24.6%±0.5%,20.8%±0.6%,13.7%±0.3%and 7.4%±0.3%,respectively.Assuming that orbital period(P)and mass ratio(q)have intrinsic distributions as f(P)∝Pπ(1<P<1000 days)and f(q)∝qκ(0.1<q<1),respectively,we conducted a series of Monte-Carlo simulations to correct observational biases for estimating the intrinsic multiplicity properties.The results show that the intrinsic binary fractions for the four groups are 68%±8%,52%±3%,44%±6%and 44%±6%,respectively.The best estimated values forπare-1±0.1,-1.1±0.05,-1.1±0.1 and-0.6±0.05,respectively.Theκcannot be constrained for groups T1 and T2 and is-2.4±0.3 for group T3 and-1.6±0.3 for group T4.We confirmed the relationship of a decreasing trend in binary fractions toward late-type stars.No correlation between the spectral type and orbital period distribution has been found yet,possibly due to the limitation of observational cadence.展开更多
Atmospheric air temperature data from 92 stations in China＇s radiosonde network were used to analyze changes in the freezing level height （FLH）, glacier snow line, and ice edge from 1958-2005 （48 years） and to ex...Atmospheric air temperature data from 92 stations in China＇s radiosonde network were used to analyze changes in the freezing level height （FLH）, glacier snow line, and ice edge from 1958-2005 （48 years） and to examine the impact of these changes on the cryosphere. In general, the FLH, glacier snow line, and ice edge exhibited latitudinal zonation, declining from south to north. Trends in the FLH, glacier snow line, and ice edge showed spatial heterogeneity during the study period, with prevailing upward trends. Temporally, the FLH, glacier snow line, and ice edge trends differed on various time scales.展开更多
[Objectives]In terms of increasing the utilization of land in agriculture and the per unit area yield,intercropping is the most popular farming method.[Methods]Based on the climate and soil conditions in Zhaoqing,this...[Objectives]In terms of increasing the utilization of land in agriculture and the per unit area yield,intercropping is the most popular farming method.[Methods]Based on the climate and soil conditions in Zhaoqing,this experiment explored the improved mode of no-tillage intercropping winter potato with citrus in the new high-ridge,wide-row and dense-plant cultivation mode citrus orchard.Taking the conventional tillage and film-mulched intercropping as the control,it studied the adaptability of intercropping,evaluated the quality,and analyzed its economic benefits.[Results]The early emergence rate of improved no-tillage intercropping cultivation was slightly higher than that of conventional tillage and film-mulched intercropping,but the difference of final emergence rate was not significant,indicating that improved no-tillage intercropping cultivation could provide excellent potato emergence environment.Under the conventional tillage and improved no-tillage intercropping cultivation mode,the change trend of the potato's plant height,main stem thickness,crown diameter and number of leaflet is the same.The change rule of the crown diameter of the film-mulched intercropping cultivation method is similar to that of the plant height,both have a large increase in the late growth stage.The potato yield of improved no-tillage intercropping cultivation were 22747.5 kg/ha,and the proportions of potatoes of each grade were 11.85%,35.61%,37.63%and 14.91%,respectively.The content of dry matter,Vc,soluble protein,starch and amino acid in the main nutrients of the potato under the improved no-tillage intercropping mode is not significantly different from that of the film-mulched intercropping cultivation.The changing trend of reducing sugar content showed that the reducing sugar content of no-tillage intercropping cultivation was the highest(0.466%).Through evaluating the eating characteristics of potatoes from the flavor,taste,texture and appearance after chewing,the three cultivation methods have little difference.In the no-tillage intercropping cultivation technology,the growth of potatoes consumes part of the nutrients in the soil between the rows of the citrus orchard,but it does not exerts a significant impact on the surrounding citrus trees.Compared with the film-mulched intercropping cultivation,the improved no-tillage intercropping cultivation method does not require the expense of mulched,the cost of fertilizer is low,and labor costs are saved,so a net income of 27075 yuan/ha can be obtained.[Conclusions]From the perspective of orchard intercropping,it has achieved the effect of improving soil utilization and increasing output without reducing the edible quality of potatoes.展开更多
The experiment was mainly used to study the effect of insect-proof net mulching cultivation technology on the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse and the spring shoot growth of citrus Shatangju. The results sho...The experiment was mainly used to study the effect of insect-proof net mulching cultivation technology on the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse and the spring shoot growth of citrus Shatangju. The results showed that the 40-mesh translucent insect-proof net had a positive effect on the spring shoot growth of Shatangju in the spring from January to April. In the meantime,according to the change of the temperature and humidity inside and outside the insect-proof net and the change of quantity of Aleyrodidae,Tetranychidae and Phyllocnisidae,it was found that the role of insect-proof net in enhancing the spring shoot growth of Shatangju was possibly achieved by the regulation of citrus pests and the temperature and humidity inside the net.展开更多
This paper outlines the physiological responses of plants to pathogenic microbial infection and pest feeding stress,as well as the resistance characteristics of plants to diseases and pests,and proposes new directions...This paper outlines the physiological responses of plants to pathogenic microbial infection and pest feeding stress,as well as the resistance characteristics of plants to diseases and pests,and proposes new directions for future research on crop resistance to diseases and pests.The objective of this paper is to provide a reference framework for the breeding of crops with enhanced resistance to diseases and pests,the utilization of natural immunity in crops,and the efficient prevention and control of diseases and pests.This framework is intended to facilitate the healthy and sustainable development of the agricultural industry.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the effects of 15 distinct citrus rootstock-scion combinations on tree growth,fruit quality,and photosynthetic characteristics under red loam soil conditions and provide a theoretical founda...[Objectives]To investigate the effects of 15 distinct citrus rootstock-scion combinations on tree growth,fruit quality,and photosynthetic characteristics under red loam soil conditions and provide a theoretical foundation for the selection of appropriate citrus rootstock-scion combinations in the Zhaoqing region.[Methods]A total of 15 citrus rootstock-scion combinations were utilized as test materials for a comprehensive analysis of their phenological periods(budding,flowering,and fruiting),tree growth indicators(tree height,crown diameter,and growth),and fruit quality(appearance quality and intrinsic quality).The photosynthetic characteristics of the test materials,including the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),water use efficiency(WUE),apparent quantum yield(AQY),and carboxylation efficiency(CE),were analyzed to determine their significance.Additionally,the leaf photosynthetic physiological indicators,such as soluble protein,specific leaf weight,chlorophyll,and carotenoids,were evaluated.[Results]There were notable differences observed in the phenological period,growth potential of trees,fruit quality,and photosynthetic characteristics among various citrus rootstock-scion combinations.The phenological periods exhibited variation contingent on the grafting varieties.In terms of tree growth potential,the Citrus tangerina Tanaka‘Hongju’and C.haniana Hort.‘Suanju’rootstocks demonstrated greater tree height,crown growth,and overall tree strength;however,they were also prone to excessive growth.Conversely,the C.limonia Osbeck‘Hongningmeng’and C.sinensis×P.trifoliata‘Zhicheng’rootstocks displayed medium growth potential,while the Poncirus trifoliate(L)Raf.‘Zhike’rootstock resulted in shorter trees.In terms of fruit quality,the single fruit weight of C.flamea Hort.‘Shatangju’ranged from 33 to 50 g,exhibiting a flat and round shape.The total soluble solids and titratable acid content of‘Shatangju’grafted onto the‘Zhike’rootstock were notably high.In contrast,the single fruit weight of C.haniana Hort.‘Chuntianju’varied between 65 and 81 g,characterized by a high flat round shape.The‘Suanju’rootstock demonstrated a higher sugar and acid content compared to other rootstocks.Additionally,the single fruit weight of C.nobilis Lour.‘Gonggan’ranged from 62 to 145 g,with the fruit shape being either round or oval.The soluble sugar and total soluble solids content associated with the‘Zhike’rootstock was also elevated.In relation to photosynthetic characteristics,the photosynthetic performance of the‘Shatangju’variety was superior when grafted onto the‘Zhike’and‘Hongju’rootstocks.Similarly,the‘Chuntianju’variety exhibited enhanced photosynthetic performance on the‘Zhike’,‘Zhicheng’,and‘Hongju’rootstocks.Furthermore,the‘Gonggan’variety demonstrated improved photosynthetic performance when grafted onto the‘Zhike’and‘Suanju’rootstocks.[Conclusions]Based on the characteristics of the red loam soil in the Zhaoqing region,the rootstocks‘Zhike’and‘Hongju’are conducive to the cultivation of the‘Shatangju’variety.Additionally,the rootstocks‘Zhike’,‘Zhicheng’,and‘Hongju’are optimal for the growth of the‘Chuntianju’variety,while the rootstocks‘Zhike’and‘Suanju’are appropriate for the growth of the‘Gonggan’variety.展开更多
This paper reviews the origins and classification of plant essential oil resources,along with prevalent extraction techniques for their active constituents.By integrating insights on the utilization of plant essential...This paper reviews the origins and classification of plant essential oil resources,along with prevalent extraction techniques for their active constituents.By integrating insights on the utilization of plant essential oils for plant pest management,the comprehensive analysis reveals multiple functionalities exhibited by plant essential oils,including fumigation,contact toxicity,repellent action,antifeedant activity,and growth inhibition.Furthermore,the paper highlights the challenges associated with plant essential oils in plant protection and outlines future research directions,aiming to offer valuable insights for the advancement of botanical insecticides.展开更多
[Objectives]To protect the local rare citrus germplasm resources and further develop and cultivate new citrus varieties.[Methods]The germplasm resources of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.Ex Tseng Shiyueju)in Sihui City ...[Objectives]To protect the local rare citrus germplasm resources and further develop and cultivate new citrus varieties.[Methods]The germplasm resources of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.Ex Tseng Shiyueju)in Sihui City of Guangdong Province and other 8 citrus varieties from the same origin were evaluated.The appearance characteristics of tree shape,the length and thickness of shoot at each shoot stage,the appearance characteristics of leaves and the fruit quality of each variety were investigated.[Results]Through the comparison of various citrus varieties grafted with sour mandarin,the results showed that the overall advantages of the length and thickness of the shoots of Shatang tangerine in summer and autumn were more prominent,which was conducive to fruit setting.The sprouting time of the three shoots of each variety was different,and there were sporadic sprouting phenomena in different seasons,so the growth was different,and the length and thickness of the shoots were different in different seasons.There were significant differences in shoot length and diameter among different varieties in the same season.The coefficient of variation of Shatangju's leaves was low,and the traits were stable;leaf shape,leaf base shape,leaf margin and other indicators among the three shoots of the same variety and the differences among the same shoots of different varieties were compared.All varieties had strong flavor,separately sweet and sour,sweet and sweet taste.Shatangju has many segments,orange pericarp,rough texture,easy peeling,and high oblate fruit shape.The orange pericarp was favored by the participants,while the rough and thick peel was not favored by the participants.[Conclusions]Based on the improvement of local varieties,it is recommended to improve the smoothness of pericarp,reducing the thickness of pericarp and improving the flavor of fruit will be conducive to increasing sales.In the cultivation process of various quality resources,especially in the period of fruit growth and development,the plan of nutrition and fertilization should be formulated according to the rules of fruit growth and development,the rules of yield formation and the rules of quality composition,so as to establish the integrated nutrient management system of various varieties.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to develop a detection system applicable to major quarantine diseases affecting citrus in Zhaoqing.[Methods]qPCR was utilized for the detection of citrus Huanglongbing(HLB)and citrus bacteria...[Objectives]The paper was to develop a detection system applicable to major quarantine diseases affecting citrus in Zhaoqing.[Methods]qPCR was utilized for the detection of citrus Huanglongbing(HLB)and citrus bacterial canker disease(CBCD).Additionally,RT-PCR was employed for both single and dual RT-PCR assay of citrus HLB,citrus tristeza virus(CTV),and citrus yellow vein clearing virus(CYVCV).The dual RT-PCR assay system was optimized regarding reagent concentration and annealing temperature to establish a robust dual RT-PCR assay system suitable for the identification of citrus HLB,CTV and CYVCV in Zhaoqing.[Results]The established qPCR techniques for the detection of CBCD and HLB exhibited a high degree of specificity.The specific fragment sizes associated with the established single or dual RT-PCR assay techniques were as follows:HLB at 1160 bp,CTV at 273 bp,and CYVCV at 614 bp,respectively.The amplification products generated by these techniques were characterized by their clarity,specificity,and sensitivity.[Conclusions]The established method for the detection of citrus diseases is systematic and capable of addressing the diverse needs of various users.展开更多
Chiral seeded growth,an extension of seed-mediated growth incorporating chiral ligands,has emerged as a robust method for synthesizing chiral plasmonic nanoparticles.This study introduces a preadsorption step,i.e.,inc...Chiral seeded growth,an extension of seed-mediated growth incorporating chiral ligands,has emerged as a robust method for synthesizing chiral plasmonic nanoparticles.This study introduces a preadsorption step,i.e.,incubating achiral seeds with chiral ligand prior to chiral growth,to better regulate seed-chiral ligand interactions.Using achiral gold nanorods(AuNRs)as seeds and cysteine(Cys)as the chiral ligand,we explore how this incubation step controls the chiral growth of alloy shells.Our results indicate that a small amount of Cys on the rod surface plays a critical role in initiating chiral growth,which can be fine-tuned by adjusting incubation parameters.Leveraging the large surface area and strong local field enhancement of the resulting chiral plasmonic nanorods,we investigated Ag^(+)-enhanced formation of 4,4’-dimercaptoazobenzene(DMAB)via plasmon-mediated oxidative coupling of 4-aminothiophenol(4-ATP).Rather than activating adsorbed oxygen species,we propose that silver ions complex with the amino groups of adsorbed 4-ATP molecules,bringing two 4-ATP molecules into a favorable reaction configuration and thereby promoting the coupling reaction.This work not only reveals a new mechanism for Ag^(+)-enhanced oxidative dimerization of 4-ATP but also highlights the crucial role of reactant configuration in on-surface reactions.展开更多
Cuticular waxes,complex hydrophobic layers coating alpine grassland plants,are critical for survival in extreme environments characterized by freezing temperatures,intense UV-B radiation,and physiological drought.This...Cuticular waxes,complex hydrophobic layers coating alpine grassland plants,are critical for survival in extreme environments characterized by freezing temperatures,intense UV-B radiation,and physiological drought.This review synthesizes advances in understanding the chemical diversity,biosynthesis,and ecological roles of these waxes,emphasizing their adaptive significance.This review reveals that alpine species exhibit remarkable plasticity in wax composition,with alkanes,alcohols,and specialized metabolites(β-diketones,alkylresorcinols)dynamically regulated by altitude-driven stressors.Phylogenetic analyses highlight weak taxonomic signals in wax profiles.This suggests that convergent evolution,rather than shared ancestry,is a dominant driver of chemical traits shaped by similar environmental pressures.Notably,alpine plants like Polygonum viviparum L.and Koeleria cristata Pers.employ lineage-specific strategies—such as polyketide synthase-mediatedβ-diketone synthesis—to balance stress resilience and ecological function.The challenges in resolving the genetic and environmental influences on wax traits are discussed,along with calls for integrated multiomics approaches to decode the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation.Beyond ecology,we explore the ethnobotanical relevance of wax-rich species in traditional grazing systems and their potential in biotechnological applications,such as UV-protective cosmetics.By bridging fundamental research with agricultural innovation,this study positions alpine cuticular wax studies as an opportunity for addressing climate resilience and biodiversity conservation.展开更多
We aim to assess the modification effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)levels on relationships between long-term air pollutants exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)risk.A total of 82,...We aim to assess the modification effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)levels on relationships between long-term air pollutants exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)risk.A total of 82,706 nonsmokers were finally included in the UK Biobank.The concentrations of circulating omega-3 PUFA(including total omega-3 and docosahexaenoic acid[DHA])were measured by using a targeted high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics plat-form.Land-use regression models were used to estimate concentrations of nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))and particulate matter(PM_(2.5)and PM_(10))for each individual.Additionally,systemic inflammation levels were assessed using the low-grade inflamma-tion score(INFLA-score)to elucidate the potential mechanism.We noted that the observed effects could be modified by circulating omega-3 PUFA levels(P-interaction<0.05).Specifically,the significant pollutants-COPD associations were mainly observed in the lower circulating omega-3 PUFA groups.In contrast,there was no statistical evidence for increased COPD risk associated with air pollutants in subjects with higher circulating omega-3 PUFA.Mediation analysis further indicated that circulating omega-3 PUFA modified the air pollution-associated COPD risk might partly by reducing systemic inflammation.In summary,circulating omega-3 PUFA may provide protection against the COPD risk caused by long-term exposure to air pollutants.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells are one of the most promising alternatives to conventional photovoltaic devices, and extensive studies are focused on device optimization to further improve their performance. A compact layer of...Perovskite solar cells are one of the most promising alternatives to conventional photovoltaic devices, and extensive studies are focused on device optimization to further improve their performance. A compact layer of TiO2 is generally used in perovskite solar cells to block holes from reaching the fluorine-doped tin oxide electrode. In this contribution, we engineered a TiO2 compact layer using Nb doping, which resulted in solar cells with a power conversion efficiency （PCE） of 10.26%, which was higher than that of devices with the same configuration but containing a pristine TiO2 compact layer （PCE = 9.22%）. The device performance enhancement was attributed to the decreased selective contact resistance and increased charge recombination resistance resulting from Nb doping, which was revealed by the impedance spectroscopy measurements. The developed strategy highlights the importance of interface optimization for perovskite solar cells.展开更多
基金Supported by National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(X202510580088)Special Project for Promoting the Coordinated Development of Urban and Rural Areas and Regions by Introducing Scientific and Technological Achievements of Guangdong Province into Counties and Towns(2025B0202010051)Project of High-quality Development in Hundred Counties,Thousands Towns and Ten Thousand Villages of Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology:Key Dispatch Project for Rural Science and Technology Commissioners(KTP20240704).
文摘The conversion of waste resources into fertilizer represents a crucial strategy for optimizing waste utilization and attaining"carbon peak and neutrality"objectives.This approach not only effectively mitigates greenhouse gas emissions but also enhances the organic matter content in soil,thereby supporting the advancement of sustainable agriculture.Currently,the principal fertilizer production technologies utilizing solid waste resources encompass hydrothermal fertilizer production,aerobic fermentation,wrapping fertilizer production,micro-storage fertilizer production,and biochemical rapid decomposition.This paper examines the applicability and limitations of these technologies in practical contexts,and anticipates their developmental trends and future prospects.It aims to offer practical guidance and constructive support for the resource utilization of solid waste and the sustainable development of related industries.
基金supported by the FAST Key projectsupported by the National SKA Program of China (2020SKA0120100)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant Nos. 12041303 and 12250410246)the CAS-MPG LEGACY projectfunding from the Max-Planck Partner Groupsupport from the XPLORER PRIZE and 20 yr long-term support from Dr. Guojun Qiaosupported by Major Science and Technology Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region No. 2022A03013-4
文摘We derive the gravitational-wave(GW)strain upper limits from resolvable supermassive black-hole binaries using the data from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope,in the context of the Chinese Pulsar Timing Array project.We focus on circular orbits in theμHz GW frequency band between 10^(−7)and 3×10^(−6)Hz.This frequency band is higher than the traditional pulsar timing array band and is less explored.We used the data of the millisecond pulsar PSR J1713+5307 observed between 2019 August and 2021 April.A dense observation campaign was carried out in 2020 September to allow for theμHz band coverage.Our sky-averaged continuous source upper limit at the 95%confidence level at 1μHz is 1.26×10^(−12),while the same limit in the direction of the pulsar is 4.77×10^(−13).
基金Supported by Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Guangdong Province(202310580005)Youth Project of Zhaoqing University(QN202443)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-26).
文摘This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their applications in agricultural pest control.Furthermore,the paper examines the future developmental directions of M.alternifolia essential oil in pest control,along with the current challenges associated with its application.The aim is to offer insights for future research on botanical essential oils,particularly regarding their biological functions and applications in agricultural pest control.
基金supported by the National SKA Program of China(2020SKA0120100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12041303 and 12250410246)+1 种基金the CAS-MPG LEGACY projectfunding from the Max-Planck Partner Group。
文摘Observing and timing a group of millisecond pulsars with high rotational stability enables the direct detection of gravitational waves(GWs).The GW signals can be identified from the spatial correlations encoded in the times-of-arrival of widely spaced pulsar-pairs.The Chinese Pulsar Timing Array(CPTA)is a collaboration aiming at the direct GW detection with observations carried out using Chinese radio telescopes.This short article serves as a“table of contents”for a forthcoming series of papers related to the CPTA Data Release 1(CPTA DR1)which uses observations from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope.Here,after summarizing the time span and accuracy of CPTA DR1,we report the key results of our statistical inference finding a correlated signal with amplitude logA_(c)=-14.4_(-2.8)^(+1.0)for spectral index in the range ofα∈[-1.8,1.5]assuming a GW background(GWB)induced quadrupolar correlation.The search for the Hellings–Downs(HD)correlation curve is also presented,where some evidence for the HD correlation has been found that a 4.6σstatistical significance is achieved using the discrete frequency method around the frequency of 14 n Hz.We expect that the future International Pulsar Timing Array data analysis and the next CPTA data release will be more sensitive to the n Hz GWB,which could verify the current results.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.11733008,12090040,12090043,11521303,12125303)Yunnan Province and the National Tenthousand Talents Program+6 种基金National Key R&D Program of China No.2019YFA0405500the NSFC with Grant No.11835057The Guoshoujing Telescope(the Large Sky Area MultiObject Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope,LAMOST)is a National Major Scientific Project built by the Chinese Academy of SciencesFunding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform CommissionLAMOST is operated and managed by the National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciencessupported by the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS,Grant No.QYZDY-SSW-SLH007the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with No.CMS-CSST-2021-A10。
文摘Massive binaries play significant roles in many fields.Identifying massive stars,particularly massive binaries,is of great importance.In this paper,by adopting the technique of measuring the equivalent widths of several spectral lines,we identified 9382 early-type stars from the LAMOST medium-resolution survey and divided the sample into four groups,T1(~O-B4),T2(~B5),T3(~B7)and T4(~B8-A).The relative radial velocities RVrelwere calculated using Maximum Likelihood Estimation.The stars with significant changes of RVreland at least larger than 15.57 km s-1 were identified as spectroscopic binaries.We found that the observed spectroscopic binary fractions for the four groups are 24.6%±0.5%,20.8%±0.6%,13.7%±0.3%and 7.4%±0.3%,respectively.Assuming that orbital period(P)and mass ratio(q)have intrinsic distributions as f(P)∝Pπ(1<P<1000 days)and f(q)∝qκ(0.1<q<1),respectively,we conducted a series of Monte-Carlo simulations to correct observational biases for estimating the intrinsic multiplicity properties.The results show that the intrinsic binary fractions for the four groups are 68%±8%,52%±3%,44%±6%and 44%±6%,respectively.The best estimated values forπare-1±0.1,-1.1±0.05,-1.1±0.1 and-0.6±0.05,respectively.Theκcannot be constrained for groups T1 and T2 and is-2.4±0.3 for group T3 and-1.6±0.3 for group T4.We confirmed the relationship of a decreasing trend in binary fractions toward late-type stars.No correlation between the spectral type and orbital period distribution has been found yet,possibly due to the limitation of observational cadence.
基金funded by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No. 2010CB951701 and No. 2010CB428606the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41071042 and No. 40775045)+1 种基金supported by the Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-BR-22)special finance support from the China Meteorological Administration (GYHY200906017)
文摘Atmospheric air temperature data from 92 stations in China＇s radiosonde network were used to analyze changes in the freezing level height （FLH）, glacier snow line, and ice edge from 1958-2005 （48 years） and to examine the impact of these changes on the cryosphere. In general, the FLH, glacier snow line, and ice edge exhibited latitudinal zonation, declining from south to north. Trends in the FLH, glacier snow line, and ice edge showed spatial heterogeneity during the study period, with prevailing upward trends. Temporally, the FLH, glacier snow line, and ice edge trends differed on various time scales.
基金Special Project for Construction of Modern Agricultural(Citrus)Industrial Technology System(CARS-26)2019 Rural Science and Technology Commissioners Going to the Countryside to Find Problems and Condense the Science and Technology Agriculture Project(2019-18)2018 Guangdong Province Doctoral Workstation Construction Project(2018-386).
文摘[Objectives]In terms of increasing the utilization of land in agriculture and the per unit area yield,intercropping is the most popular farming method.[Methods]Based on the climate and soil conditions in Zhaoqing,this experiment explored the improved mode of no-tillage intercropping winter potato with citrus in the new high-ridge,wide-row and dense-plant cultivation mode citrus orchard.Taking the conventional tillage and film-mulched intercropping as the control,it studied the adaptability of intercropping,evaluated the quality,and analyzed its economic benefits.[Results]The early emergence rate of improved no-tillage intercropping cultivation was slightly higher than that of conventional tillage and film-mulched intercropping,but the difference of final emergence rate was not significant,indicating that improved no-tillage intercropping cultivation could provide excellent potato emergence environment.Under the conventional tillage and improved no-tillage intercropping cultivation mode,the change trend of the potato's plant height,main stem thickness,crown diameter and number of leaflet is the same.The change rule of the crown diameter of the film-mulched intercropping cultivation method is similar to that of the plant height,both have a large increase in the late growth stage.The potato yield of improved no-tillage intercropping cultivation were 22747.5 kg/ha,and the proportions of potatoes of each grade were 11.85%,35.61%,37.63%and 14.91%,respectively.The content of dry matter,Vc,soluble protein,starch and amino acid in the main nutrients of the potato under the improved no-tillage intercropping mode is not significantly different from that of the film-mulched intercropping cultivation.The changing trend of reducing sugar content showed that the reducing sugar content of no-tillage intercropping cultivation was the highest(0.466%).Through evaluating the eating characteristics of potatoes from the flavor,taste,texture and appearance after chewing,the three cultivation methods have little difference.In the no-tillage intercropping cultivation technology,the growth of potatoes consumes part of the nutrients in the soil between the rows of the citrus orchard,but it does not exerts a significant impact on the surrounding citrus trees.Compared with the film-mulched intercropping cultivation,the improved no-tillage intercropping cultivation method does not require the expense of mulched,the cost of fertilizer is low,and labor costs are saved,so a net income of 27075 yuan/ha can be obtained.[Conclusions]From the perspective of orchard intercropping,it has achieved the effect of improving soil utilization and increasing output without reducing the edible quality of potatoes.
基金Supported by Special Construction Project of Modern Agriculture(Citrus)Industry Technology System(cars-27)
文摘The experiment was mainly used to study the effect of insect-proof net mulching cultivation technology on the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse and the spring shoot growth of citrus Shatangju. The results showed that the 40-mesh translucent insect-proof net had a positive effect on the spring shoot growth of Shatangju in the spring from January to April. In the meantime,according to the change of the temperature and humidity inside and outside the insect-proof net and the change of quantity of Aleyrodidae,Tetranychidae and Phyllocnisidae,it was found that the role of insect-proof net in enhancing the spring shoot growth of Shatangju was possibly achieved by the regulation of citrus pests and the temperature and humidity inside the net.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project of Zhaoqing in 2023(2023040308006)Major Science and Technology Special Project of Yunnan Province(202202AE090036)+1 种基金Open Project of Yunnan State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources(gzkf2022004)Innovation Platform Construction Project of Zhaoqing University in 2024(202413004).
文摘This paper outlines the physiological responses of plants to pathogenic microbial infection and pest feeding stress,as well as the resistance characteristics of plants to diseases and pests,and proposes new directions for future research on crop resistance to diseases and pests.The objective of this paper is to provide a reference framework for the breeding of crops with enhanced resistance to diseases and pests,the utilization of natural immunity in crops,and the efficient prevention and control of diseases and pests.This framework is intended to facilitate the healthy and sustainable development of the agricultural industry.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-26)Project of High-quality Development in Hundred Counties,Thousands Towns and Ten Thousand Villages.
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the effects of 15 distinct citrus rootstock-scion combinations on tree growth,fruit quality,and photosynthetic characteristics under red loam soil conditions and provide a theoretical foundation for the selection of appropriate citrus rootstock-scion combinations in the Zhaoqing region.[Methods]A total of 15 citrus rootstock-scion combinations were utilized as test materials for a comprehensive analysis of their phenological periods(budding,flowering,and fruiting),tree growth indicators(tree height,crown diameter,and growth),and fruit quality(appearance quality and intrinsic quality).The photosynthetic characteristics of the test materials,including the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),water use efficiency(WUE),apparent quantum yield(AQY),and carboxylation efficiency(CE),were analyzed to determine their significance.Additionally,the leaf photosynthetic physiological indicators,such as soluble protein,specific leaf weight,chlorophyll,and carotenoids,were evaluated.[Results]There were notable differences observed in the phenological period,growth potential of trees,fruit quality,and photosynthetic characteristics among various citrus rootstock-scion combinations.The phenological periods exhibited variation contingent on the grafting varieties.In terms of tree growth potential,the Citrus tangerina Tanaka‘Hongju’and C.haniana Hort.‘Suanju’rootstocks demonstrated greater tree height,crown growth,and overall tree strength;however,they were also prone to excessive growth.Conversely,the C.limonia Osbeck‘Hongningmeng’and C.sinensis×P.trifoliata‘Zhicheng’rootstocks displayed medium growth potential,while the Poncirus trifoliate(L)Raf.‘Zhike’rootstock resulted in shorter trees.In terms of fruit quality,the single fruit weight of C.flamea Hort.‘Shatangju’ranged from 33 to 50 g,exhibiting a flat and round shape.The total soluble solids and titratable acid content of‘Shatangju’grafted onto the‘Zhike’rootstock were notably high.In contrast,the single fruit weight of C.haniana Hort.‘Chuntianju’varied between 65 and 81 g,characterized by a high flat round shape.The‘Suanju’rootstock demonstrated a higher sugar and acid content compared to other rootstocks.Additionally,the single fruit weight of C.nobilis Lour.‘Gonggan’ranged from 62 to 145 g,with the fruit shape being either round or oval.The soluble sugar and total soluble solids content associated with the‘Zhike’rootstock was also elevated.In relation to photosynthetic characteristics,the photosynthetic performance of the‘Shatangju’variety was superior when grafted onto the‘Zhike’and‘Hongju’rootstocks.Similarly,the‘Chuntianju’variety exhibited enhanced photosynthetic performance on the‘Zhike’,‘Zhicheng’,and‘Hongju’rootstocks.Furthermore,the‘Gonggan’variety demonstrated improved photosynthetic performance when grafted onto the‘Zhike’and‘Suanju’rootstocks.[Conclusions]Based on the characteristics of the red loam soil in the Zhaoqing region,the rootstocks‘Zhike’and‘Hongju’are conducive to the cultivation of the‘Shatangju’variety.Additionally,the rootstocks‘Zhike’,‘Zhicheng’,and‘Hongju’are optimal for the growth of the‘Chuntianju’variety,while the rootstocks‘Zhike’and‘Suanju’are appropriate for the growth of the‘Gonggan’variety.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Guangdong Province(202310580005)School-level Youth Project of the 2024 Zhaoqing University(QN202443)+1 种基金Rural Science and Technology Commissioners in Towns to Help Towns and Villages Group Assistance Project(2021-1056-9-4)Construction of China Agricultural Industry Research System(CARS-26).
文摘This paper reviews the origins and classification of plant essential oil resources,along with prevalent extraction techniques for their active constituents.By integrating insights on the utilization of plant essential oils for plant pest management,the comprehensive analysis reveals multiple functionalities exhibited by plant essential oils,including fumigation,contact toxicity,repellent action,antifeedant activity,and growth inhibition.Furthermore,the paper highlights the challenges associated with plant essential oils in plant protection and outlines future research directions,aiming to offer valuable insights for the advancement of botanical insecticides.
基金Supported by China Agricalture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-26)Citrus Germplasm Resources Nursery Construction Project in Sihui City of Guangdong Province(KJ-20230310-H010)。
文摘[Objectives]To protect the local rare citrus germplasm resources and further develop and cultivate new citrus varieties.[Methods]The germplasm resources of Shatangju(Citrus flamea Hort.Ex Tseng Shiyueju)in Sihui City of Guangdong Province and other 8 citrus varieties from the same origin were evaluated.The appearance characteristics of tree shape,the length and thickness of shoot at each shoot stage,the appearance characteristics of leaves and the fruit quality of each variety were investigated.[Results]Through the comparison of various citrus varieties grafted with sour mandarin,the results showed that the overall advantages of the length and thickness of the shoots of Shatang tangerine in summer and autumn were more prominent,which was conducive to fruit setting.The sprouting time of the three shoots of each variety was different,and there were sporadic sprouting phenomena in different seasons,so the growth was different,and the length and thickness of the shoots were different in different seasons.There were significant differences in shoot length and diameter among different varieties in the same season.The coefficient of variation of Shatangju's leaves was low,and the traits were stable;leaf shape,leaf base shape,leaf margin and other indicators among the three shoots of the same variety and the differences among the same shoots of different varieties were compared.All varieties had strong flavor,separately sweet and sour,sweet and sweet taste.Shatangju has many segments,orange pericarp,rough texture,easy peeling,and high oblate fruit shape.The orange pericarp was favored by the participants,while the rough and thick peel was not favored by the participants.[Conclusions]Based on the improvement of local varieties,it is recommended to improve the smoothness of pericarp,reducing the thickness of pericarp and improving the flavor of fruit will be conducive to increasing sales.In the cultivation process of various quality resources,especially in the period of fruit growth and development,the plan of nutrition and fertilization should be formulated according to the rules of fruit growth and development,the rules of yield formation and the rules of quality composition,so as to establish the integrated nutrient management system of various varieties.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-26)Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project of Zhaoqing City(2023040308008)Project of High-quality Development in Hundred Counties,Thousands Towns and Ten Thousand Villages.
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to develop a detection system applicable to major quarantine diseases affecting citrus in Zhaoqing.[Methods]qPCR was utilized for the detection of citrus Huanglongbing(HLB)and citrus bacterial canker disease(CBCD).Additionally,RT-PCR was employed for both single and dual RT-PCR assay of citrus HLB,citrus tristeza virus(CTV),and citrus yellow vein clearing virus(CYVCV).The dual RT-PCR assay system was optimized regarding reagent concentration and annealing temperature to establish a robust dual RT-PCR assay system suitable for the identification of citrus HLB,CTV and CYVCV in Zhaoqing.[Results]The established qPCR techniques for the detection of CBCD and HLB exhibited a high degree of specificity.The specific fragment sizes associated with the established single or dual RT-PCR assay techniques were as follows:HLB at 1160 bp,CTV at 273 bp,and CYVCV at 614 bp,respectively.The amplification products generated by these techniques were characterized by their clarity,specificity,and sensitivity.[Conclusions]The established method for the detection of citrus diseases is systematic and capable of addressing the diverse needs of various users.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22072032)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2021YFA1202803).
文摘Chiral seeded growth,an extension of seed-mediated growth incorporating chiral ligands,has emerged as a robust method for synthesizing chiral plasmonic nanoparticles.This study introduces a preadsorption step,i.e.,incubating achiral seeds with chiral ligand prior to chiral growth,to better regulate seed-chiral ligand interactions.Using achiral gold nanorods(AuNRs)as seeds and cysteine(Cys)as the chiral ligand,we explore how this incubation step controls the chiral growth of alloy shells.Our results indicate that a small amount of Cys on the rod surface plays a critical role in initiating chiral growth,which can be fine-tuned by adjusting incubation parameters.Leveraging the large surface area and strong local field enhancement of the resulting chiral plasmonic nanorods,we investigated Ag^(+)-enhanced formation of 4,4’-dimercaptoazobenzene(DMAB)via plasmon-mediated oxidative coupling of 4-aminothiophenol(4-ATP).Rather than activating adsorbed oxygen species,we propose that silver ions complex with the amino groups of adsorbed 4-ATP molecules,bringing two 4-ATP molecules into a favorable reaction configuration and thereby promoting the coupling reaction.This work not only reveals a new mechanism for Ag^(+)-enhanced oxidative dimerization of 4-ATP but also highlights the crucial role of reactant configuration in on-surface reactions.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFE1304303。
文摘Cuticular waxes,complex hydrophobic layers coating alpine grassland plants,are critical for survival in extreme environments characterized by freezing temperatures,intense UV-B radiation,and physiological drought.This review synthesizes advances in understanding the chemical diversity,biosynthesis,and ecological roles of these waxes,emphasizing their adaptive significance.This review reveals that alpine species exhibit remarkable plasticity in wax composition,with alkanes,alcohols,and specialized metabolites(β-diketones,alkylresorcinols)dynamically regulated by altitude-driven stressors.Phylogenetic analyses highlight weak taxonomic signals in wax profiles.This suggests that convergent evolution,rather than shared ancestry,is a dominant driver of chemical traits shaped by similar environmental pressures.Notably,alpine plants like Polygonum viviparum L.and Koeleria cristata Pers.employ lineage-specific strategies—such as polyketide synthase-mediatedβ-diketone synthesis—to balance stress resilience and ecological function.The challenges in resolving the genetic and environmental influences on wax traits are discussed,along with calls for integrated multiomics approaches to decode the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation.Beyond ecology,we explore the ethnobotanical relevance of wax-rich species in traditional grazing systems and their potential in biotechnological applications,such as UV-protective cosmetics.By bridging fundamental research with agricultural innovation,this study positions alpine cuticular wax studies as an opportunity for addressing climate resilience and biodiversity conservation.
基金supported by grants from the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 82241088]the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 2024AFB548]+2 种基金the Open Project of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health[grant number 2024ZYJKA003]the Key Research and Development Program of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region[grant number 2024B03040]the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region[grant number 2024D01D18].
文摘We aim to assess the modification effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)levels on relationships between long-term air pollutants exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)risk.A total of 82,706 nonsmokers were finally included in the UK Biobank.The concentrations of circulating omega-3 PUFA(including total omega-3 and docosahexaenoic acid[DHA])were measured by using a targeted high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics plat-form.Land-use regression models were used to estimate concentrations of nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))and particulate matter(PM_(2.5)and PM_(10))for each individual.Additionally,systemic inflammation levels were assessed using the low-grade inflamma-tion score(INFLA-score)to elucidate the potential mechanism.We noted that the observed effects could be modified by circulating omega-3 PUFA levels(P-interaction<0.05).Specifically,the significant pollutants-COPD associations were mainly observed in the lower circulating omega-3 PUFA groups.In contrast,there was no statistical evidence for increased COPD risk associated with air pollutants in subjects with higher circulating omega-3 PUFA.Mediation analysis further indicated that circulating omega-3 PUFA modified the air pollution-associated COPD risk might partly by reducing systemic inflammation.In summary,circulating omega-3 PUFA may provide protection against the COPD risk caused by long-term exposure to air pollutants.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 21103032 and 51272049）, the National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （No. 2011CB932702）, and SInberise R279-000-393-592. Dr. X. Yin thanks Mr. Jin Fang for help on IPCE measurements and Au evaporation.
文摘Perovskite solar cells are one of the most promising alternatives to conventional photovoltaic devices, and extensive studies are focused on device optimization to further improve their performance. A compact layer of TiO2 is generally used in perovskite solar cells to block holes from reaching the fluorine-doped tin oxide electrode. In this contribution, we engineered a TiO2 compact layer using Nb doping, which resulted in solar cells with a power conversion efficiency （PCE） of 10.26%, which was higher than that of devices with the same configuration but containing a pristine TiO2 compact layer （PCE = 9.22%）. The device performance enhancement was attributed to the decreased selective contact resistance and increased charge recombination resistance resulting from Nb doping, which was revealed by the impedance spectroscopy measurements. The developed strategy highlights the importance of interface optimization for perovskite solar cells.
