The physical processes occurring at open Na^(+) channels in neural fibers are essential for the understanding of the nature of neural signals and the mechanism by which the signals are generated and transmitted along ...The physical processes occurring at open Na^(+) channels in neural fibers are essential for the understanding of the nature of neural signals and the mechanism by which the signals are generated and transmitted along nerves.However,there is a less generally accepted description of these physical processes.We studied changes in the transmembrane ionic flux and the resulting two types of electromagnetic signals by simulating the Na^(+) transport across a bionic nanochannel model simplified from voltage-gated Na^(+) channels.The results show that the Na^(+) flux can reach a steady state in approximately 10 ns due to the dynamic equilibrium of the Na^(+) ion concentration difference between both sides of the membrane.After characterizing the spectrum and transmission of these two electromagnetic signals,the low-frequency transmembrane electric field is regarded as the physical quantity transmitting in the waveguide-like lipid dielectric layer and triggering the neighboring voltage-gated channels.Factors influencing the Na^(+) flux transport are also studied.The impact of the Na^(+) concentration gradient is found to be higher than that of the initial transmembrane potential on the Na^(+) transport rate,and introducing the surface-negative charge in the upper third channel could increase the transmembrane Na^(+) current.This work can be further studied by improving the simulation model;however,the current work helps to better understand the electrical functions of voltage-gated ion channels in neural systems.展开更多
Levering the local electron density allows for varying the adsorption and/or desorption feature of catalysts,enabling to boost the reaction kinetics.Mott-Schottky barrier,in which it processes different Fermi levels,f...Levering the local electron density allows for varying the adsorption and/or desorption feature of catalysts,enabling to boost the reaction kinetics.Mott-Schottky barrier,in which it processes different Fermi levels,favors the electron transport at the interface.Here,a Mo-doped CoN is coupled with NiFe-LDH for constructing a Mott-Schottky heterojunction,addressing enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),and urea oxidation reaction(UOR)compared with the individual counterparts.The incorporation of high-valence Mo species and the formation of heterostructures significantly improve the corrosion resistance and electrocatalytic performance of Mo-CoN@NiFeLDH,requiring only 76 mV overpotential for HER and 257 mV for OER to achieve a high current density of 100 mA cm^(-2)in 1 M KOH.The advanced nature of our as-prepared Mott-Schottky heterojunction could be further evidenced by its robust nature of a configured alkaline electrolyzer for stable working over666 h at 200 mA cm^(-2).Impressively,only 1.692 V of cell voltage is required to yield a current density of 300 mA cm^(-2)over the as-prepared urea electrolyzer.This strategy for va rying the local electron density via construction of Mott-Schottky barrier could be regarded as a promising routine to achieve low-energy consumption green hydrogen generation.展开更多
We present a simple and reliable method,based on the over-barrier model and Lindhard’s formula,to calculate the energy loss,charge transfer,and normalized intensity of highly charged ions penetrating through 2D ultra...We present a simple and reliable method,based on the over-barrier model and Lindhard’s formula,to calculate the energy loss,charge transfer,and normalized intensity of highly charged ions penetrating through 2D ultrathin materials,including graphene and carbon nanomembranes.According to our results,the interaction between the ions and the 2D material can be simplified as an equivalent two-body collision,and we find that full consideration of the charge exchange effect is key to understanding the mechanism of ion energy deposition in an ultrathin target.Not only can this semiclassical model be used to evaluate the ion irradiation effect to a very good level of accuracy,but it also provides important guidance for tailoring the properties of 2D materials using ion beams.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0701302)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2020QA063)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(Grant No.2020A1515111180)。
文摘The physical processes occurring at open Na^(+) channels in neural fibers are essential for the understanding of the nature of neural signals and the mechanism by which the signals are generated and transmitted along nerves.However,there is a less generally accepted description of these physical processes.We studied changes in the transmembrane ionic flux and the resulting two types of electromagnetic signals by simulating the Na^(+) transport across a bionic nanochannel model simplified from voltage-gated Na^(+) channels.The results show that the Na^(+) flux can reach a steady state in approximately 10 ns due to the dynamic equilibrium of the Na^(+) ion concentration difference between both sides of the membrane.After characterizing the spectrum and transmission of these two electromagnetic signals,the low-frequency transmembrane electric field is regarded as the physical quantity transmitting in the waveguide-like lipid dielectric layer and triggering the neighboring voltage-gated channels.Factors influencing the Na^(+) flux transport are also studied.The impact of the Na^(+) concentration gradient is found to be higher than that of the initial transmembrane potential on the Na^(+) transport rate,and introducing the surface-negative charge in the upper third channel could increase the transmembrane Na^(+) current.This work can be further studied by improving the simulation model;however,the current work helps to better understand the electrical functions of voltage-gated ion channels in neural systems.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3807201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.52462035+6 种基金52272202W242102712464010)the Bituan Science and Technology Program(Grants No.2022DB009)project supported by the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grants No.20242BAB21002)the Project of Science and Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Fund of China Coal Technology&Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.(2022-MS0022023-TDMS007)。
文摘Levering the local electron density allows for varying the adsorption and/or desorption feature of catalysts,enabling to boost the reaction kinetics.Mott-Schottky barrier,in which it processes different Fermi levels,favors the electron transport at the interface.Here,a Mo-doped CoN is coupled with NiFe-LDH for constructing a Mott-Schottky heterojunction,addressing enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),and urea oxidation reaction(UOR)compared with the individual counterparts.The incorporation of high-valence Mo species and the formation of heterostructures significantly improve the corrosion resistance and electrocatalytic performance of Mo-CoN@NiFeLDH,requiring only 76 mV overpotential for HER and 257 mV for OER to achieve a high current density of 100 mA cm^(-2)in 1 M KOH.The advanced nature of our as-prepared Mott-Schottky heterojunction could be further evidenced by its robust nature of a configured alkaline electrolyzer for stable working over666 h at 200 mA cm^(-2).Impressively,only 1.692 V of cell voltage is required to yield a current density of 300 mA cm^(-2)over the as-prepared urea electrolyzer.This strategy for va rying the local electron density via construction of Mott-Schottky barrier could be regarded as a promising routine to achieve low-energy consumption green hydrogen generation.
基金supported by the NSFC(Grant No.11705010)the NSAF(Grant No.U1230111),the IAEA(CRP No.F11020 and Contract No.21063)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2019M650351)。
文摘We present a simple and reliable method,based on the over-barrier model and Lindhard’s formula,to calculate the energy loss,charge transfer,and normalized intensity of highly charged ions penetrating through 2D ultrathin materials,including graphene and carbon nanomembranes.According to our results,the interaction between the ions and the 2D material can be simplified as an equivalent two-body collision,and we find that full consideration of the charge exchange effect is key to understanding the mechanism of ion energy deposition in an ultrathin target.Not only can this semiclassical model be used to evaluate the ion irradiation effect to a very good level of accuracy,but it also provides important guidance for tailoring the properties of 2D materials using ion beams.
