Yangtze River Delta （YRD） area is one of the important economic zones in China. However, this area faces increasing environmental problems. In this study, we use ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorpti...Yangtze River Delta （YRD） area is one of the important economic zones in China. However, this area faces increasing environmental problems. In this study, we use ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy （MAX-DOAS） network in Eastern China to retrieve variations of NO2, SO2, and formaldehyde （HCHO） in the YRD area. Three cities of YRD （Hefei, Nanjing, and Shanghai） were selected for long-term observations. This paper presents technical performance and characteristics of instruments, their distribution in YRD, and results of vertical column densities （VCDs） and profiles of NO2, SO2, and HCHO. Average diurnal variations of tropospheric NO2 and SO2 in different seasons over the three stations yielded minimum values at noon or in the early afternoon, whereas tropospheric HCHO reached the maximum during midday hours. Slight reduction of the pollutants in weekends occurred in all the three sites. In general trace gas concentrations gradually reduced from Shanghai to Hefei. Tropospheric VCDs of NO2, SO2, and HCHO were compared with those from Ozone Monitoring Instrument （OMI） satellite observations, resulting in R2 of 0.606, 0.5432, and 0.5566, respectively. According to analysis of regional transports of pollutants, pollution process happened in YRO under the north wind with the pollution dissipating in the southeast wind. The feature is significant in exploring transport of tropospheric trace gas pollution in YRD, and provides basis for satellite and model validation.展开更多
背景与目的肺占位性病变的良恶性鉴别与肺癌病理亚型分类是临床决策的关键,但传统方法存在多源临床数据利用不足及深度学习模型可解释性差的问题。本研究基于针对表格化数据设计的Transformer(Tab-Transformer)与残差多层感知器(Residua...背景与目的肺占位性病变的良恶性鉴别与肺癌病理亚型分类是临床决策的关键,但传统方法存在多源临床数据利用不足及深度学习模型可解释性差的问题。本研究基于针对表格化数据设计的Transformer(Tab-Transformer)与残差多层感知器(Residual Multi-Layer Perceptron,ResMLP)的混合架构(-ResMLP),探讨可解释性深度学习算法在肺占位性病变良恶性诊断及肺癌病理亚型分类中的性能。方法收集345例经病理证实的肺占位性病变患者的影像学特征、病史资料及实验室检查等数据,按8:2随机分为训练集和测试集。采用Spearman检验与最小绝对收缩和选择算子(Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator,LASSO)筛选稳定特征,使用合成少数类过采样技术(Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique,SMOTE)平衡样本,采用10折交叉验证提高模型泛化能力,选用Tab-Transformer算法、ResMLP算法、-ResMLP构建模型,通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线、曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)、准确率、特异性、敏感性和微平均ROC(micro-averaged ROC,micro-ROC)曲线评估模型性能,并基于最优模型进行SHAP(SHapley Additive exPlanations)特征分析。结果良恶性诊断模型中,3种模型均表现良好,其中Tab-Transformer在测试集表现最优,TT-ResMLP和ResMLP次之;SHAP分析显示,表现最优的Tab-Transformer模型特征重要性依次是年龄、胸膜凹陷征、凝血酶时间、平均密度、磨玻璃样改变等,其中胸膜凹陷征有较高的恶性诊断贡献,且随年龄增长、凝血酶时间缩短,其贡献度进一步增强。在肺癌亚型分类任务中,3种模型均表现出优异性能,其中TT-ResMLP综合表现最优。SHAP分析进一步揭示,肺部影像报告和数据系统评分(Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System,Lung-DS)在3种病理亚型中均具较高重要性;男性与鳞癌预测呈正相关;神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)在小细胞癌预测中起重要作用。在腺癌中,诊断概率与Lung-DS分级呈正相关,且在低凝血酶原时间值时更显著;而在鳞癌与小细胞癌亚组中呈负相关,但性别和NSE水平可增强其风险预测的贡献。特征决策边界分析显示,Lung-RADS分级在腺癌识别中具有较高的区分能力,而NSE在小细胞癌识别中展现出更强的区分能力。结论-ResMLP混合架构能达到肺占位性病变的良恶性诊断及肺癌病理亚型分类的目的,模型具备良好的可解释性,有助于识别关键预测特征并揭示其交互机制,为深入理解肺癌生物学行为及临床辅助决策提供了有效工具。展开更多
The ever-increasing integration of electronic devices has inevit-ably caused electromagnetic interference and heat accumulation problems,and dual-function materials with both a high thermal conductivity and high elect...The ever-increasing integration of electronic devices has inevit-ably caused electromagnetic interference and heat accumulation problems,and dual-function materials with both a high thermal conductivity and high electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)are regarded as an effective strategy for solving these problems.Carbon materials are widely used as thermal and EWA fillers due to their excellent conductivity and outstanding thermal conduction properties,and have become a research hotspot in the field of high thermal conductivity,microwave absorbing materials in recent years.The status of current research progress on carbon-based high thermal-conduction microwave absorption materials,including carbon fibers,carbon nanotubes,graphene and amorphous carbon,is re-viewed,and the influence of the structure of the materials on their absorption and thermal conductivity properties,such as core-shell structure,three-dimensional network structure,and heteroatom doping,is also elaborated.Feasible solutions for the cur-rent problems with these materials are proposed,with the aim of providing valuable guidance for the future design of carbon-based high thermal conduction microwave absorbing materials.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system for a range of major urological surgeries.Methods:In this prospective,multicenter clinical trial,we exa...Objective:This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system for a range of major urological surgeries.Methods:In this prospective,multicenter clinical trial,we examined the effectiveness of the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system in urological interventions.The first 50 patients from four centers in China underwent single-port surgeries including partial nephrectomy,radical prostatectomy,partial adrenalectomy,and pyeloureteroplasty,exclusively by the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system.The study's primary endpoints focused on the success of surgeries,defined as no deviations from planned procedures,no need for more than one port,and no re-operations within 24 h after surgery.Secondary endpoints encompassed a range of surgical metrics,functional outcomes,and patient demographic data.Clinical assessments were conducted before surgery,before discharge,and 1 month after discharge.Results:The surgical procedures were executed successfully without requiring intraoperative conversions or transfusions.Both estimated blood loss and operation durations were maintained within satisfactory limits.For each type of surgery,the mean console times and estimated blood loss were 179.8(standard deviation[SD]39.4)min and 125.6(SD 126.0)mL for radical prostatectomy,126.7(SD 47.8)min and 39.2(SD 54.4)mL for partial nephrectomy,112.6(SD 37.4)min and 20.0(SD 13.2)mL for partial adrenalectomy,and 148.0(SD 18.2)min and 18.0(SD 17.9)mL for pyeloureteroplasty,respectively.Across the cohort,17 patients experienced a total of 25 adverse events,while 10 postoperative complications,all rated as Clavien-Dindo grade I,were encountered by eight patients.All patients had shown recovery or improvement from these events before the end of this trial.Conclusion:The SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system demonstrated feasibility and safety in the performance of major urological surgeries.These initial findings highlight the system's potential,though further research and longer follow-up are required to assess long-term outcomes.展开更多
In 316L austenitic stainless steel,the presence of ferrite phase severely affects the non-magnetic properties.316L austenitic stainless steel with low-alloy type(L-316L)and high-alloy type(H-316L)has been studied.The ...In 316L austenitic stainless steel,the presence of ferrite phase severely affects the non-magnetic properties.316L austenitic stainless steel with low-alloy type(L-316L)and high-alloy type(H-316L)has been studied.The microstructure and solidification kinetics of the two as-cast grades were in situ observed by high temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy(HT-CLSM).There are significant differences in the as-cast microstructures of the two 316L stainless steel compositions.In L-316L steel,ferrite morphology appears as the short rods with a ferrite content of 6.98%,forming a dual-phase microstructure consisting of austenite and ferrite.Conversely,in H-316L steel,the ferrite appears as discontinuous network structures with a content of 4.41%,forming a microstructure composed of austenite and sigma(σ)phase.The alloying elements in H-316L steel exhibit a complex distribution,with Ni and Mo enriching at the austenite grain boundaries.HT-CLSM experiments provide the real-time observation of the solidification processes of both 316L specimens and reveal distinct solidification modes:L-316L steel solidifies in an FA mode,whereas H-316L steel solidifies in an AF mode.These differences result in ferrite and austenite predominantly serving as the nucleation and growth phases,respectively.The solidification mode observed by experiments is similar to the thermodynamic calculation results.The L-316L steel solidified in the FA mode and showed minimal element segregation,which lead to a direct transformation of ferrite to austenite phase(δ→γ)during phase transformation after solidification.Besides,the H-316L steel solidified in the AF mode and showed severe element segregation,which lead to Mo enrichment at grain boundaries and transformation of ferrite into sigma and austenite phases through the eutectoid reaction(δ→σ+γ).展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 41530644)the Monitoring and Assessment of Regional Air Quality in China using space Observations, Project Of Long-term sino-5 european co-Operation (MarcoPolo), FP7 (No: 606953)
文摘Yangtze River Delta （YRD） area is one of the important economic zones in China. However, this area faces increasing environmental problems. In this study, we use ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy （MAX-DOAS） network in Eastern China to retrieve variations of NO2, SO2, and formaldehyde （HCHO） in the YRD area. Three cities of YRD （Hefei, Nanjing, and Shanghai） were selected for long-term observations. This paper presents technical performance and characteristics of instruments, their distribution in YRD, and results of vertical column densities （VCDs） and profiles of NO2, SO2, and HCHO. Average diurnal variations of tropospheric NO2 and SO2 in different seasons over the three stations yielded minimum values at noon or in the early afternoon, whereas tropospheric HCHO reached the maximum during midday hours. Slight reduction of the pollutants in weekends occurred in all the three sites. In general trace gas concentrations gradually reduced from Shanghai to Hefei. Tropospheric VCDs of NO2, SO2, and HCHO were compared with those from Ozone Monitoring Instrument （OMI） satellite observations, resulting in R2 of 0.606, 0.5432, and 0.5566, respectively. According to analysis of regional transports of pollutants, pollution process happened in YRO under the north wind with the pollution dissipating in the southeast wind. The feature is significant in exploring transport of tropospheric trace gas pollution in YRD, and provides basis for satellite and model validation.
文摘背景与目的肺占位性病变的良恶性鉴别与肺癌病理亚型分类是临床决策的关键,但传统方法存在多源临床数据利用不足及深度学习模型可解释性差的问题。本研究基于针对表格化数据设计的Transformer(Tab-Transformer)与残差多层感知器(Residual Multi-Layer Perceptron,ResMLP)的混合架构(-ResMLP),探讨可解释性深度学习算法在肺占位性病变良恶性诊断及肺癌病理亚型分类中的性能。方法收集345例经病理证实的肺占位性病变患者的影像学特征、病史资料及实验室检查等数据,按8:2随机分为训练集和测试集。采用Spearman检验与最小绝对收缩和选择算子(Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator,LASSO)筛选稳定特征,使用合成少数类过采样技术(Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique,SMOTE)平衡样本,采用10折交叉验证提高模型泛化能力,选用Tab-Transformer算法、ResMLP算法、-ResMLP构建模型,通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线、曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)、准确率、特异性、敏感性和微平均ROC(micro-averaged ROC,micro-ROC)曲线评估模型性能,并基于最优模型进行SHAP(SHapley Additive exPlanations)特征分析。结果良恶性诊断模型中,3种模型均表现良好,其中Tab-Transformer在测试集表现最优,TT-ResMLP和ResMLP次之;SHAP分析显示,表现最优的Tab-Transformer模型特征重要性依次是年龄、胸膜凹陷征、凝血酶时间、平均密度、磨玻璃样改变等,其中胸膜凹陷征有较高的恶性诊断贡献,且随年龄增长、凝血酶时间缩短,其贡献度进一步增强。在肺癌亚型分类任务中,3种模型均表现出优异性能,其中TT-ResMLP综合表现最优。SHAP分析进一步揭示,肺部影像报告和数据系统评分(Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System,Lung-DS)在3种病理亚型中均具较高重要性;男性与鳞癌预测呈正相关;神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)在小细胞癌预测中起重要作用。在腺癌中,诊断概率与Lung-DS分级呈正相关,且在低凝血酶原时间值时更显著;而在鳞癌与小细胞癌亚组中呈负相关,但性别和NSE水平可增强其风险预测的贡献。特征决策边界分析显示,Lung-RADS分级在腺癌识别中具有较高的区分能力,而NSE在小细胞癌识别中展现出更强的区分能力。结论-ResMLP混合架构能达到肺占位性病变的良恶性诊断及肺癌病理亚型分类的目的,模型具备良好的可解释性,有助于识别关键预测特征并揭示其交互机制,为深入理解肺癌生物学行为及临床辅助决策提供了有效工具。
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22238012 and 22178384)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(2462024QNXZ003)。
文摘The ever-increasing integration of electronic devices has inevit-ably caused electromagnetic interference and heat accumulation problems,and dual-function materials with both a high thermal conductivity and high electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)are regarded as an effective strategy for solving these problems.Carbon materials are widely used as thermal and EWA fillers due to their excellent conductivity and outstanding thermal conduction properties,and have become a research hotspot in the field of high thermal conductivity,microwave absorbing materials in recent years.The status of current research progress on carbon-based high thermal-conduction microwave absorption materials,including carbon fibers,carbon nanotubes,graphene and amorphous carbon,is re-viewed,and the influence of the structure of the materials on their absorption and thermal conductivity properties,such as core-shell structure,three-dimensional network structure,and heteroatom doping,is also elaborated.Feasible solutions for the cur-rent problems with these materials are proposed,with the aim of providing valuable guidance for the future design of carbon-based high thermal conduction microwave absorbing materials.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4700904 to Wang L)the Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center's project for the Promotion of Clinical Skills and Clinical Innovation Three-Year Action Plan(Project No.SHDC2022CRT006 to Wang L and SHDC2022CRS010B to Tang S).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system for a range of major urological surgeries.Methods:In this prospective,multicenter clinical trial,we examined the effectiveness of the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system in urological interventions.The first 50 patients from four centers in China underwent single-port surgeries including partial nephrectomy,radical prostatectomy,partial adrenalectomy,and pyeloureteroplasty,exclusively by the SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system.The study's primary endpoints focused on the success of surgeries,defined as no deviations from planned procedures,no need for more than one port,and no re-operations within 24 h after surgery.Secondary endpoints encompassed a range of surgical metrics,functional outcomes,and patient demographic data.Clinical assessments were conducted before surgery,before discharge,and 1 month after discharge.Results:The surgical procedures were executed successfully without requiring intraoperative conversions or transfusions.Both estimated blood loss and operation durations were maintained within satisfactory limits.For each type of surgery,the mean console times and estimated blood loss were 179.8(standard deviation[SD]39.4)min and 125.6(SD 126.0)mL for radical prostatectomy,126.7(SD 47.8)min and 39.2(SD 54.4)mL for partial nephrectomy,112.6(SD 37.4)min and 20.0(SD 13.2)mL for partial adrenalectomy,and 148.0(SD 18.2)min and 18.0(SD 17.9)mL for pyeloureteroplasty,respectively.Across the cohort,17 patients experienced a total of 25 adverse events,while 10 postoperative complications,all rated as Clavien-Dindo grade I,were encountered by eight patients.All patients had shown recovery or improvement from these events before the end of this trial.Conclusion:The SHURUI single-port robotic surgical system demonstrated feasibility and safety in the performance of major urological surgeries.These initial findings highlight the system's potential,though further research and longer follow-up are required to assess long-term outcomes.
基金support of the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2022-040)"Chunhui Plan"Collaborative Research Project by the Ministry of Education of China(HZKY20220507)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104338)Applied Fundamental Research Programs of Shanxi Province(202303021221036)Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(SDCX-ZG-202303027,SDBX2023054).
文摘In 316L austenitic stainless steel,the presence of ferrite phase severely affects the non-magnetic properties.316L austenitic stainless steel with low-alloy type(L-316L)and high-alloy type(H-316L)has been studied.The microstructure and solidification kinetics of the two as-cast grades were in situ observed by high temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy(HT-CLSM).There are significant differences in the as-cast microstructures of the two 316L stainless steel compositions.In L-316L steel,ferrite morphology appears as the short rods with a ferrite content of 6.98%,forming a dual-phase microstructure consisting of austenite and ferrite.Conversely,in H-316L steel,the ferrite appears as discontinuous network structures with a content of 4.41%,forming a microstructure composed of austenite and sigma(σ)phase.The alloying elements in H-316L steel exhibit a complex distribution,with Ni and Mo enriching at the austenite grain boundaries.HT-CLSM experiments provide the real-time observation of the solidification processes of both 316L specimens and reveal distinct solidification modes:L-316L steel solidifies in an FA mode,whereas H-316L steel solidifies in an AF mode.These differences result in ferrite and austenite predominantly serving as the nucleation and growth phases,respectively.The solidification mode observed by experiments is similar to the thermodynamic calculation results.The L-316L steel solidified in the FA mode and showed minimal element segregation,which lead to a direct transformation of ferrite to austenite phase(δ→γ)during phase transformation after solidification.Besides,the H-316L steel solidified in the AF mode and showed severe element segregation,which lead to Mo enrichment at grain boundaries and transformation of ferrite into sigma and austenite phases through the eutectoid reaction(δ→σ+γ).
