The ionicity of ionic solids is typically characterized by the electronegativity of the constituent ions.Electronegativity measures the ability of electron transfer between atoms and is commonly considered under ambie...The ionicity of ionic solids is typically characterized by the electronegativity of the constituent ions.Electronegativity measures the ability of electron transfer between atoms and is commonly considered under ambient conditions.Howeve r,external stresses profoundly change the ionicity,and compressed ionic compounds may behave differently.Here,we focus on silver halides,with constituent ions from one of the most electropositive metals and some of the most electronegative nonme tals.Using first-principles calculations,we find that the strengths of the ionic bonds in these compounds change greatly under pressure owing to downshifting of the Ag 4d-orbital.The center of this orbital is lowered to fill the antibonding state below the Fermi level,leading to chemical decomposition.Our results suggest that under pressure,the orbital energies and correspondingly the electronegativities still tune the ionicity and control the electron transfer,ionicity,and reactivity of both the metal and the nonmetal elements.However,the effects of orbital energies start to become dominant under pressure,causing substantial changes to the chemistry of ionic compounds and leading to an unusual phenomenon in which elements with substantial electronegativity differences,such as Ag and Br,do not necessarily form ionic compounds,but remain in their elemental forms.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy(ERAT)offers an appendix-pre-serving approach;however,visual and specificity challenges persist.Conversely,endoscopic direct appendicitis therapy(EDAT)provides dire...BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy(ERAT)offers an appendix-pre-serving approach;however,visual and specificity challenges persist.Conversely,endoscopic direct appendicitis therapy(EDAT)provides direct visual observation with diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities.AIM To assess the efficacy and feasibility of EDAT and compare them with those of ERAT in uncomplicated appendicitis.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,patients diagnosed with uncomplicated appendicitis and treated with ERAT or EDAT between January 2021 and November 2024 were reviewed.The primary outcome was intervention success.Secondary outcomes were guidewire use,stent placement,hospitalization duration,recurrence,and endoscopic direct-view features.Outcomes were compared between groups via appropriate statistical tests.RESULTS Of 170 patients,136 underwent EDAT and 34 ERAT.EDAT showed higher intervention success than ERAT(99.3%vs 82.4%,P<0.001),with less guidewire assistance and fewer stent placements(both P<0.001).Hospital stay was shorter with EDAT(P=0.039).The overall cumulative recurrence rates at 1 year were 10%in EDAT and 24%in ERAT;in the appendicolith subgroup,the recurrence rates were 5%and 14%in EDAT and ERAT,respectively.Findings were consistent in the propensity score-matched(PSM)cohort.CONCLUSION EDAT was demonstrated to be a more effective and feasible approach than ERAT,with a lower overall cumulative recurrence risk and within the appendicolith subgroup.Consistent results after PSM further supported the robustness of these findings.展开更多
The plasma-coupled electrocatalytic cascade technology with NO_x~-as intermediate product is a potential method to realize green ammonia synthesis.The matching of the formation rate and consumption rate of NO_(2)^(-)a...The plasma-coupled electrocatalytic cascade technology with NO_x~-as intermediate product is a potential method to realize green ammonia synthesis.The matching of the formation rate and consumption rate of NO_(2)^(-)as the main absorption product is an important prerequisite for the system to achieve stable operation.Therefore,this paper firstly emphasizes the importance of operating parameters on the cascade system based on the single factor experiment.Secondly,the empirical equation between electrocatalytic operating conditions and NO_(2)^(-)consumption rate was established by response surface analysis.Based on this equation,the electrocatalytic operating parameters were optimized to achieve the dynamic equilibrium between NO_(2)^(-)formation rate and consumption rate.Finally,the techno-economic assessment model was established to calculate the levelized cost of ammonia based on the cascade system,and the single-variable sensitivity analysis was performed to provide the clear guidance for cost reduction.展开更多
Gait coordination in lower limbs plays a critical role in maintaining stability of the human body during walking.For transfemoral amputees,the absence of limbs disrupts this coordination,reducing prosthesis control ac...Gait coordination in lower limbs plays a critical role in maintaining stability of the human body during walking.For transfemoral amputees,the absence of limbs disrupts this coordination,reducing prosthesis control accuracy.Hip-knee coordination mapping offers a feasible solution for lower-limb prosthesis control,involving the generation of a reference trajectory for the knee joint by leveraging information from the hip.However,current reference trajectories are usually derived from static models,which cannot generate reference trajectories robustly when dealing with perturbations.Therefore,this paper introduces a time-dependent model based on the Delayed Feedback Reservoir(DFR)for hip-knee coordination in lower-limb prosthetic control.Experimental results show that DFR outperforms classical gait planning approaches when facing perturbations,achieving a 20%lower Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)and reducing residuals by up to 18.14 degrees.This research contributes to understanding gait mapping approaches and emphasizes the potential of time-dependent models for robust and strong lower-limb prosthetic control.The discovery provides a novel way to enhance the perturbation adaptability of prosthetic control.展开更多
Ionogels,generally formed by immobilizing ionic liquids(ILs)with polymer gelators,hold considerable promise as quasi-solid-state electrolytes(QSSEs)for lithium metal batteries(LMBs)due to their high safety and electro...Ionogels,generally formed by immobilizing ionic liquids(ILs)with polymer gelators,hold considerable promise as quasi-solid-state electrolytes(QSSEs)for lithium metal batteries(LMBs)due to their high safety and electrode compatibility.However,their practical use in high-temperature LMBs suffers from the softened polymer chains of gelator at high temperatures,leading to liquid leakage and severe growth of Li dendrite.Here,a novel inorganic ionogel(PCNIL)combining lithium salt-containing IL with porous graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets(PCN)is developed through direct physical mixing.PCNIL exhibits a superior ionic conductivity(0.75 mS cm^(-1))at room temperature similar to that of neat IL electrolyte(LiIL)and a Li^(+)transference number(0.56)greatly higher than that of Li-IL(0.20).Furthermore,PCNIL maintains a temperature-independent shear storage modulus of up to 5 MPa from room temperature to 150℃.Consequently,the Li|PCNIL|Li symmetrical cell demonstrates extended reversible lithium plating/stripping over 1200 h without dendritic growth.The robust mechanical strength,excellent thermal stability,and electrochemical stability of PCNIL allow Li|PCNIL|LiFePO_(4)cells to operate stably in a wide temperature range of 25–150℃.展开更多
As an independent thermodynamic parameter,pressure significantly influences interatomic distances,leading to an increase in material density.In this work,we employ the CALYPSO structure search and density functional t...As an independent thermodynamic parameter,pressure significantly influences interatomic distances,leading to an increase in material density.In this work,we employ the CALYPSO structure search and density functional theory calculations to explore the structural phase transitions and electronic properties of calcium-sulfur compounds(Ca_(x)S_(1-x),where x=1/4,1/3,1/2,2/3,3/4,4/5)under 0-1200 GPa.The calculated formation enthalpies suggest that Ca_(x)S_(1-x)compounds undergo multiple phase transitions and eventually decompose into elemental Ca and S,challenging the traditional view that pressure stabilizes and densifies compounds.The analysis of formation enthalpy indicates that an increase in pressure leads to a rise in internal energy and the PV term,resulting in thermodynamic instability.Bader charge analysis reveals that this phenomenon is attributed to a decrease in charge transfer under high pressure.The activation of Ca-3d orbitals is significantly enhanced under pressure,leading to competition with Ca-4s orbitals and S-3p orbitals.This may cause the formation enthalpy minimum on the convex hull to shift sequentially from CaS to CaS_(3),then to Ca_(3)S and Ca_(2)S,and finally back to CaS.These findings provide critical insights into the behavior of alkaline-earth metal sulfides under high pressure,with implications for the synthesis and application of novel materials under extreme conditions and for understanding element distribution in planetary interiors.展开更多
The cognitive disease consensus was prepared by panels of health and public representatives based on actual clinical practice in Geriatric Departments in Chinese hospitals and a systematic literature review. This cons...The cognitive disease consensus was prepared by panels of health and public representatives based on actual clinical practice in Geriatric Departments in Chinese hospitals and a systematic literature review. This consensus reflects the medical knowledge accumulated by those experts and provides information about professional medical care and advice.A multidisciplinary panel of specialists(neurologists,psychiatrists, and nursing specialists) reports an expert consensus on the medical knowledge accumulated from those experts and provides information about professional medical care and advice. The recommendations focus on the care and management of older adults with mild cognitive impairment,the objectives and methods of maintaining cognition and training, the assessments and measures of daily care for patients at different stages of dementia, the assessments and coping strategies for the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, principles and suggestions for an appropriate living environment, arrangements for recreational activities, the care and management of patients with endstage dementia, and suggestions for addressing stress in caregivers.展开更多
Attempts have been made to use cell transplantation and biomaterials to promote cell proliferation,differentiation,migration,and survival,as well as angiogenesis,in the context of brain injury.However,whether bioactiv...Attempts have been made to use cell transplantation and biomaterials to promote cell proliferation,differentiation,migration,and survival,as well as angiogenesis,in the context of brain injury.However,whether bioactive materials can repair the damage caused by ischemic stroke by activating endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis is still unknown.In this study,we applied chitosan gel loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor to the stroke cavity 7 days after ischemic stroke in rats.The gel slowly released basic fibroblast growth factor,which improved the local microenvironment,activated endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells,and recruited these cells to migrate toward the penumbra and stroke cavity and subsequently differentiate into neurons,while enhancing angiogenesis in the penumbra and stroke cavity and ultimately leading to partial functional recovery.This study revealed the mechanism by which bioactive materials repair ischemic strokes,thus providing a new strategy for the clinical application of bioactive materials in the treatment of ischemic stroke.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute traumatic spinal cord injury(ATSCI)usually results in disability,yet data on contemporary national trends of ATSCI incidence are limited.AIM To provide a systematic and basic theoretical basis for imp...BACKGROUND Acute traumatic spinal cord injury(ATSCI)usually results in disability,yet data on contemporary national trends of ATSCI incidence are limited.AIM To provide a systematic and basic theoretical basis for improving the treatment of acute spinal cord injury.METHODS Data from the Peking University Third Hospital Inpatient Sample databases were analyzed.A total of 304 patients with ATSCI were included from 2012 to 2017.The epidemiological data,treatment,complications and clinical outcomes of these patients were reviewed.RESULTS Of the 304 patients,257(84.5%)were male,and 75%of the patients were 55 years old or younger.135 patients had improved follow-up American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)grades(44.4%).Only 14 patients with ASIA grade A improved.A statistically significant difference in prognosis between patients who underwent surgery within 72 h and those who underwent surgery after 72 h was observed(P<0.05).Surgery within 72 h resulted in better prognosis.The Steroid group and the Non-Steroid group showed a significant difference in outcome among patients with ASIA grades A and B(P<0.05).Patients with pneumonia had a poorer prognosis than patients without pneumonia(P<0.05).Surgery within 72 h resulted in better prognosis.CONCLUSION This study found that there was no significant difference in hospitalization time and prognosis between the Steroid group and the Non-Steroid group,but the patients with severe spinal cord injury(ASIA grades A and B)who underwent surgery combined with steroid therapy had a better prognosis than those who underwent surgery alone.The disastrous consequences of ATSCI and lack of consensus on the management strategy are obvious.Further improvements in treatment planns are needed in order to obtain more reliable functional outcomes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974154,12304278,and T2425016)the Taishan Scholars Special Funding for Construction Projects(Grant No.TSTP20230622)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant Nos.ZR2022MA004 and ZR2023QA127)the Special Foundation of Yantai for Leading Talents above Provincial Level。
文摘The ionicity of ionic solids is typically characterized by the electronegativity of the constituent ions.Electronegativity measures the ability of electron transfer between atoms and is commonly considered under ambient conditions.Howeve r,external stresses profoundly change the ionicity,and compressed ionic compounds may behave differently.Here,we focus on silver halides,with constituent ions from one of the most electropositive metals and some of the most electronegative nonme tals.Using first-principles calculations,we find that the strengths of the ionic bonds in these compounds change greatly under pressure owing to downshifting of the Ag 4d-orbital.The center of this orbital is lowered to fill the antibonding state below the Fermi level,leading to chemical decomposition.Our results suggest that under pressure,the orbital energies and correspondingly the electronegativities still tune the ionicity and control the electron transfer,ionicity,and reactivity of both the metal and the nonmetal elements.However,the effects of orbital energies start to become dominant under pressure,causing substantial changes to the chemistry of ionic compounds and leading to an unusual phenomenon in which elements with substantial electronegativity differences,such as Ag and Br,do not necessarily form ionic compounds,but remain in their elemental forms.
基金Supported by Guangdong Province Clinical Teaching Base Teaching Reform Research Project,No.2021JD086.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy(ERAT)offers an appendix-pre-serving approach;however,visual and specificity challenges persist.Conversely,endoscopic direct appendicitis therapy(EDAT)provides direct visual observation with diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities.AIM To assess the efficacy and feasibility of EDAT and compare them with those of ERAT in uncomplicated appendicitis.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,patients diagnosed with uncomplicated appendicitis and treated with ERAT or EDAT between January 2021 and November 2024 were reviewed.The primary outcome was intervention success.Secondary outcomes were guidewire use,stent placement,hospitalization duration,recurrence,and endoscopic direct-view features.Outcomes were compared between groups via appropriate statistical tests.RESULTS Of 170 patients,136 underwent EDAT and 34 ERAT.EDAT showed higher intervention success than ERAT(99.3%vs 82.4%,P<0.001),with less guidewire assistance and fewer stent placements(both P<0.001).Hospital stay was shorter with EDAT(P=0.039).The overall cumulative recurrence rates at 1 year were 10%in EDAT and 24%in ERAT;in the appendicolith subgroup,the recurrence rates were 5%and 14%in EDAT and ERAT,respectively.Findings were consistent in the propensity score-matched(PSM)cohort.CONCLUSION EDAT was demonstrated to be a more effective and feasible approach than ERAT,with a lower overall cumulative recurrence risk and within the appendicolith subgroup.Consistent results after PSM further supported the robustness of these findings.
基金financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0710000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20391,22308274)+2 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20240600,2023TQ0265,2024M752589)Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(NO.2023-CX-TD-26)the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B23025)。
文摘The plasma-coupled electrocatalytic cascade technology with NO_x~-as intermediate product is a potential method to realize green ammonia synthesis.The matching of the formation rate and consumption rate of NO_(2)^(-)as the main absorption product is an important prerequisite for the system to achieve stable operation.Therefore,this paper firstly emphasizes the importance of operating parameters on the cascade system based on the single factor experiment.Secondly,the empirical equation between electrocatalytic operating conditions and NO_(2)^(-)consumption rate was established by response surface analysis.Based on this equation,the electrocatalytic operating parameters were optimized to achieve the dynamic equilibrium between NO_(2)^(-)formation rate and consumption rate.Finally,the techno-economic assessment model was established to calculate the levelized cost of ammonia based on the cascade system,and the single-variable sensitivity analysis was performed to provide the clear guidance for cost reduction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12372065,12372022,and 11932015)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research—Fudan University(Grant No.21TQ1400100-22TQ009).
文摘Gait coordination in lower limbs plays a critical role in maintaining stability of the human body during walking.For transfemoral amputees,the absence of limbs disrupts this coordination,reducing prosthesis control accuracy.Hip-knee coordination mapping offers a feasible solution for lower-limb prosthesis control,involving the generation of a reference trajectory for the knee joint by leveraging information from the hip.However,current reference trajectories are usually derived from static models,which cannot generate reference trajectories robustly when dealing with perturbations.Therefore,this paper introduces a time-dependent model based on the Delayed Feedback Reservoir(DFR)for hip-knee coordination in lower-limb prosthetic control.Experimental results show that DFR outperforms classical gait planning approaches when facing perturbations,achieving a 20%lower Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)and reducing residuals by up to 18.14 degrees.This research contributes to understanding gait mapping approaches and emphasizes the potential of time-dependent models for robust and strong lower-limb prosthetic control.The discovery provides a novel way to enhance the perturbation adaptability of prosthetic control.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072118 and 52373206)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle(72275002)+2 种基金Research fund of Yue Lu Mountain Industrial Innovation Center(2023YCII0137)the Open Research Fund of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University(2024Z04)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2024JJ5076)。
文摘Ionogels,generally formed by immobilizing ionic liquids(ILs)with polymer gelators,hold considerable promise as quasi-solid-state electrolytes(QSSEs)for lithium metal batteries(LMBs)due to their high safety and electrode compatibility.However,their practical use in high-temperature LMBs suffers from the softened polymer chains of gelator at high temperatures,leading to liquid leakage and severe growth of Li dendrite.Here,a novel inorganic ionogel(PCNIL)combining lithium salt-containing IL with porous graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets(PCN)is developed through direct physical mixing.PCNIL exhibits a superior ionic conductivity(0.75 mS cm^(-1))at room temperature similar to that of neat IL electrolyte(LiIL)and a Li^(+)transference number(0.56)greatly higher than that of Li-IL(0.20).Furthermore,PCNIL maintains a temperature-independent shear storage modulus of up to 5 MPa from room temperature to 150℃.Consequently,the Li|PCNIL|Li symmetrical cell demonstrates extended reversible lithium plating/stripping over 1200 h without dendritic growth.The robust mechanical strength,excellent thermal stability,and electrochemical stability of PCNIL allow Li|PCNIL|LiFePO_(4)cells to operate stably in a wide temperature range of 25–150℃.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974154 and 12304278)the Taishan Scholars Special Funding for Construction Projects(Grant No.tstp20230622)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant Nos.ZR2022MA004,ZR2023QA127,and ZR2024QA121)the Special Foundation of Yantai for Leading Talents above Provincial Level.
文摘As an independent thermodynamic parameter,pressure significantly influences interatomic distances,leading to an increase in material density.In this work,we employ the CALYPSO structure search and density functional theory calculations to explore the structural phase transitions and electronic properties of calcium-sulfur compounds(Ca_(x)S_(1-x),where x=1/4,1/3,1/2,2/3,3/4,4/5)under 0-1200 GPa.The calculated formation enthalpies suggest that Ca_(x)S_(1-x)compounds undergo multiple phase transitions and eventually decompose into elemental Ca and S,challenging the traditional view that pressure stabilizes and densifies compounds.The analysis of formation enthalpy indicates that an increase in pressure leads to a rise in internal energy and the PV term,resulting in thermodynamic instability.Bader charge analysis reveals that this phenomenon is attributed to a decrease in charge transfer under high pressure.The activation of Ca-3d orbitals is significantly enhanced under pressure,leading to competition with Ca-4s orbitals and S-3p orbitals.This may cause the formation enthalpy minimum on the convex hull to shift sequentially from CaS to CaS_(3),then to Ca_(3)S and Ca_(2)S,and finally back to CaS.These findings provide critical insights into the behavior of alkaline-earth metal sulfides under high pressure,with implications for the synthesis and application of novel materials under extreme conditions and for understanding element distribution in planetary interiors.
文摘为了研究质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)在阴极通入氧气与空气条件下的输出特性,分析各个参数对燃料电池性能的影响,以一颗自制反应面积为5.29 cm2的PEMFC 为实验对象,考察了PEMFC 在阴极分别通入空气与氧气时的输出性能;优选了PEMFC 的工作温度、氢气、空气以及氧气化学剂量比。结果表明,氧气替代空气可显著提升功率,在PEMFC 的通常可操作电压0.6~0.8 V 区间输出功率增加一倍以上,且在该区间电压越高,增幅越大;氧气替代空气使输出性能大幅提升的原因在于氧气浓度的提升使热力学电动势增加、活化极化作用降低、且在0.6~0.8 V 区间并未出现明显的浓差极化。
文摘The cognitive disease consensus was prepared by panels of health and public representatives based on actual clinical practice in Geriatric Departments in Chinese hospitals and a systematic literature review. This consensus reflects the medical knowledge accumulated by those experts and provides information about professional medical care and advice.A multidisciplinary panel of specialists(neurologists,psychiatrists, and nursing specialists) reports an expert consensus on the medical knowledge accumulated from those experts and provides information about professional medical care and advice. The recommendations focus on the care and management of older adults with mild cognitive impairment,the objectives and methods of maintaining cognition and training, the assessments and measures of daily care for patients at different stages of dementia, the assessments and coping strategies for the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, principles and suggestions for an appropriate living environment, arrangements for recreational activities, the care and management of patients with endstage dementia, and suggestions for addressing stress in caregivers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81941011(to XL),31771053(to HD),31730030(to XL),31971279(to ZY),31900749(to PH),31650001(to XL),31320103903(to XL),31670988(to ZY)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,Nos.7222004(to HD)+1 种基金a grant from Ministry of Science and Technology of China,Nos.2017YFC1104002(to ZY),2017YFC1104001(to XL)a grant from Beihang University,No.JKF-YG-22-B001(to FH)。
文摘Attempts have been made to use cell transplantation and biomaterials to promote cell proliferation,differentiation,migration,and survival,as well as angiogenesis,in the context of brain injury.However,whether bioactive materials can repair the damage caused by ischemic stroke by activating endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis is still unknown.In this study,we applied chitosan gel loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor to the stroke cavity 7 days after ischemic stroke in rats.The gel slowly released basic fibroblast growth factor,which improved the local microenvironment,activated endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells,and recruited these cells to migrate toward the penumbra and stroke cavity and subsequently differentiate into neurons,while enhancing angiogenesis in the penumbra and stroke cavity and ultimately leading to partial functional recovery.This study revealed the mechanism by which bioactive materials repair ischemic strokes,thus providing a new strategy for the clinical application of bioactive materials in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute traumatic spinal cord injury(ATSCI)usually results in disability,yet data on contemporary national trends of ATSCI incidence are limited.AIM To provide a systematic and basic theoretical basis for improving the treatment of acute spinal cord injury.METHODS Data from the Peking University Third Hospital Inpatient Sample databases were analyzed.A total of 304 patients with ATSCI were included from 2012 to 2017.The epidemiological data,treatment,complications and clinical outcomes of these patients were reviewed.RESULTS Of the 304 patients,257(84.5%)were male,and 75%of the patients were 55 years old or younger.135 patients had improved follow-up American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)grades(44.4%).Only 14 patients with ASIA grade A improved.A statistically significant difference in prognosis between patients who underwent surgery within 72 h and those who underwent surgery after 72 h was observed(P<0.05).Surgery within 72 h resulted in better prognosis.The Steroid group and the Non-Steroid group showed a significant difference in outcome among patients with ASIA grades A and B(P<0.05).Patients with pneumonia had a poorer prognosis than patients without pneumonia(P<0.05).Surgery within 72 h resulted in better prognosis.CONCLUSION This study found that there was no significant difference in hospitalization time and prognosis between the Steroid group and the Non-Steroid group,but the patients with severe spinal cord injury(ASIA grades A and B)who underwent surgery combined with steroid therapy had a better prognosis than those who underwent surgery alone.The disastrous consequences of ATSCI and lack of consensus on the management strategy are obvious.Further improvements in treatment planns are needed in order to obtain more reliable functional outcomes.
