Bacterial pathogens have evolved various mechanisms to modulate host immune responses for successful infection. In this study, RNA- sequencing technology was used to analyze the responses of human monocytes THP1 to Ye...Bacterial pathogens have evolved various mechanisms to modulate host immune responses for successful infection. In this study, RNA- sequencing technology was used to analyze the responses of human monocytes THP1 to Yersinia pestis infection. Over 6000 genes were differentially expressed over the 12 h infection. Kinetic responses of pathogen recognition receptor signaling pathways, apoptosis, antigen processing, and presentation pathway and coagulation system were analyzed in detail. Among them, RIG-I-like receptor （RLR） signaling pathway, which was established for antiviral defense, was significantly affected. Mice lacking MAVS, the adaptor of the RLR signaling pathway, were less sensitive to infection and exhibited lower IFN-13 production, higher Thl-type cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12 production, and lower Th2-type cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 production in the serum compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, infection of pathogenic bacteria other than E pestis also altered the expression of the RLR pathway, suggesting that the response of RLR pathway to bacterial infection is a universal mechanism.展开更多
The gut microbiota plays a key role in obesity and related metabolic disorders, and multiple factors including diet, host genotype, and age regulate it. Many studies have examined the contribution of extrinsic factors...The gut microbiota plays a key role in obesity and related metabolic disorders, and multiple factors including diet, host genotype, and age regulate it. Many studies have examined the contribution of extrinsic factors to the regulation of the gut microbiota, but the importance of the host genetic constitution cannot be ignored, lnterleukin 17A （lL-17A）, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is important in the defense against infection and diseases. Here, we investigated the association among IL-17, a high-fat diet （HFD）, and the gut microbiota. Mice deficient in 1L-17A were resistant to diet-induced obesity and related diseases. Compared with the I1-17a^-/1 mice, wild-type （WT） mice challenged with HFD showed obvious weight fluctuations, such as those seen in type 2 diabetes, and hematological changes similar to those associated with metabolic syndrome. However, housing WT mice and Il-17a^-/- mice together signifi- cantly alleviated these symptoms in the WT mice. A metagenomic analysis of the mouse feces indicated that the microbial community compositions of these two groups differed before HFD feeding. The HFD mediated shifts in the gut microbial compositions, which were associated with the mouse phenotypes. We also identified potentially beneficial and harmful species present during this period, and drew net- works of the most abundant species. A functional analysis indicated pathway changes in the WT and I1-17a^- /- mice when fed the HFD. Collectively, these data underscore the importance of the host factor IL-17A in shaping and regulating the gut microbiota, which conversely, influences the host health.展开更多
Introduction:Infectious disease surveillance has long been a challenge for low-income countries like Sierra Leone.Traditional approaches based on paper and Short Message Service(SMS)were subject to severe delays in ob...Introduction:Infectious disease surveillance has long been a challenge for low-income countries like Sierra Leone.Traditional approaches based on paper and Short Message Service(SMS)were subject to severe delays in obtaining,transmitting,and analyzing information.Methods:During the China aid operation for fighting Ebola since the end of 2014,a mobile electronic surveillance system for infectious diseases(MESSID)was developed in collaboration with the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces(RSLAF),which comprised an Android-based reporting system and a complementary web-based program designed by Active Server Page.NET(ASP.NET)with the main functions including surveillance,real-time reporting,and risk assessment of infectious diseases.Results:MESSID was successfully registered in June 2016 and had been used by all medical and health institutions in RSLAF.From June 1,2016 to July 5,2021,34,419 cases were diagnosed with 47 infectious diseases of 5 categories,with a total of 42 clinical symptoms.Compared to traditional approaches based on paper and SMS,the MESSID showed flexibility,high efficiency,convenience,and acceptability.Discussion:MESSID is an accessible tool for surveillance of infectious diseases in Sierra Leone and possibly in other African countries with similar needs,capable of improving timeliness of disease reporting,thus rendering a timely outbreak detection and response.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Nos.2012CB518704 and 2013CB910804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31170122)the Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Department Foundation of QingHai Province(No.2013-Z-748)
文摘Bacterial pathogens have evolved various mechanisms to modulate host immune responses for successful infection. In this study, RNA- sequencing technology was used to analyze the responses of human monocytes THP1 to Yersinia pestis infection. Over 6000 genes were differentially expressed over the 12 h infection. Kinetic responses of pathogen recognition receptor signaling pathways, apoptosis, antigen processing, and presentation pathway and coagulation system were analyzed in detail. Among them, RIG-I-like receptor （RLR） signaling pathway, which was established for antiviral defense, was significantly affected. Mice lacking MAVS, the adaptor of the RLR signaling pathway, were less sensitive to infection and exhibited lower IFN-13 production, higher Thl-type cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12 production, and lower Th2-type cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 production in the serum compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, infection of pathogenic bacteria other than E pestis also altered the expression of the RLR pathway, suggesting that the response of RLR pathway to bacterial infection is a universal mechanism.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (2015AA020702)
文摘The gut microbiota plays a key role in obesity and related metabolic disorders, and multiple factors including diet, host genotype, and age regulate it. Many studies have examined the contribution of extrinsic factors to the regulation of the gut microbiota, but the importance of the host genetic constitution cannot be ignored, lnterleukin 17A （lL-17A）, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is important in the defense against infection and diseases. Here, we investigated the association among IL-17, a high-fat diet （HFD）, and the gut microbiota. Mice deficient in 1L-17A were resistant to diet-induced obesity and related diseases. Compared with the I1-17a^-/1 mice, wild-type （WT） mice challenged with HFD showed obvious weight fluctuations, such as those seen in type 2 diabetes, and hematological changes similar to those associated with metabolic syndrome. However, housing WT mice and Il-17a^-/- mice together signifi- cantly alleviated these symptoms in the WT mice. A metagenomic analysis of the mouse feces indicated that the microbial community compositions of these two groups differed before HFD feeding. The HFD mediated shifts in the gut microbial compositions, which were associated with the mouse phenotypes. We also identified potentially beneficial and harmful species present during this period, and drew net- works of the most abundant species. A functional analysis indicated pathway changes in the WT and I1-17a^- /- mice when fed the HFD. Collectively, these data underscore the importance of the host factor IL-17A in shaping and regulating the gut microbiota, which conversely, influences the host health.
基金The China Mega-Project on Infectious Disease Prevention(2018ZX10101003-002)the Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1200604)the National Natural Science Funds(81825019).
文摘Introduction:Infectious disease surveillance has long been a challenge for low-income countries like Sierra Leone.Traditional approaches based on paper and Short Message Service(SMS)were subject to severe delays in obtaining,transmitting,and analyzing information.Methods:During the China aid operation for fighting Ebola since the end of 2014,a mobile electronic surveillance system for infectious diseases(MESSID)was developed in collaboration with the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces(RSLAF),which comprised an Android-based reporting system and a complementary web-based program designed by Active Server Page.NET(ASP.NET)with the main functions including surveillance,real-time reporting,and risk assessment of infectious diseases.Results:MESSID was successfully registered in June 2016 and had been used by all medical and health institutions in RSLAF.From June 1,2016 to July 5,2021,34,419 cases were diagnosed with 47 infectious diseases of 5 categories,with a total of 42 clinical symptoms.Compared to traditional approaches based on paper and SMS,the MESSID showed flexibility,high efficiency,convenience,and acceptability.Discussion:MESSID is an accessible tool for surveillance of infectious diseases in Sierra Leone and possibly in other African countries with similar needs,capable of improving timeliness of disease reporting,thus rendering a timely outbreak detection and response.
