Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)has garnered great attentions as a prospective cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by virtue of its decent theoretical capacity,superior ion conductivity and high structural stab...Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)has garnered great attentions as a prospective cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by virtue of its decent theoretical capacity,superior ion conductivity and high structural stability.However,the inherently poor electronic conductivity and sluggish sodium-ion diffusion kinetics of NVP material give rise to inferior rate performance and unsatisfactory energy density,which strictly confine its further application in SIBs.Thus,it is of significance to boost the sodium storage performance of NVP cathode material.Up to now,many methods have been developed to optimize the electrochemical performance of NVP cathode material.In this review,the latest advances in optimization strategies for improving the electrochemical performance of NVP cathode material are well summarized and discussed,including carbon coating or modification,foreign-ion doping or substitution and nanostructure and morphology design.The foreign-ion doping or substitution is highlighted,involving Na,V,and PO_(4)^(3−)sites,which include single-site doping,multiple-site doping,single-ion doping,multiple-ion doping and so on.Furthermore,the challenges and prospects of high-performance NVP cathode material are also put forward.It is believed that this review can provide a useful reference for designing and developing high-performance NVP cathode material toward the large-scale application in SIBs.展开更多
There is limited research reported on the multiple loss mechanism of electromagnetic waves(EMW)and the development of interface models.Dielectric loss and magnetic loss,as the two primary attenuation mechanisms in EMW...There is limited research reported on the multiple loss mechanism of electromagnetic waves(EMW)and the development of interface models.Dielectric loss and magnetic loss,as the two primary attenuation mechanisms in EMW absorbers,still pose challenges,especially in elucidating the correlation between composition,morphology,interface,and performance.Here,we construct 3D hierarchical porous conducting network structures and Schottky heterojunctions(MoNi_(4)@NC-NiFe_(2)O_(4)@NC)with a high density of defects,using trimetallic NiMoFe-MOFs.Synergistic enhancement of the dielectric and magnetic losses is realized through manipulation of the defects,interfaces,phase engineering,and magnetic resonance.In particular,the even dispersion of magnetic MoNi_(4) and NiFe_(2)O_(4)nanoparticles(NPs)within the carbon matrix triggers the creation of multiple heterogeneous interfaces.These inseparable interfaces,along with oxygen vacancies,play a role in enhancing dielectric polarization,while the closely spaced interactions among magnetic units contribute to magnetic loss.After optimizing the interfacial structure,NiFe_(2)O_(4)/MoNi_(4)-NC exhibits remarkable EMW absorption properties.A reflection loss(RL)value of-67.91 dB can be achieved at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.95 mm,and the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB,RL≤-10 dB)is as high as 5.76 GHz.Furthermore,we conducted radar scattering cross-section(RCS)simulations using computer simulation technology(CST)software,which revealed that NiFe_(2)O_(4)/MoNi_(4)-NC exhibits an RCS reduction value of 39.1 dB m^(2).Hence,this work provides comprehensive guidance for the construction of Schottky heterojunctions for lightweight EMW absorbers from a mechanistic point of view.展开更多
Sodium-ion-based electrochromic device(SECD)has been identified as an appealing cost-effective alternative of lithium-based counterparts,only if it can address the challenges in association with the inadequate electro...Sodium-ion-based electrochromic device(SECD)has been identified as an appealing cost-effective alternative of lithium-based counterparts,only if it can address the challenges in association with the inadequate electrochromic performance.In this regard,the quantized strategy is a particularly promising approach owing to the large surface-to-volume ratio and high reaction activity.However,quantum dots inevitably suffer from volume changes and undesired aggregation during electrochemical cycling.Herein,bioinspired from the robust connection of alveoli in lung,we propose a stable electrode,where WO_(3) quantum dots(WQDs)are robustly anchored on Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene through the strong chemical bonds of W-O-Ti.Theoretical results reveal the fundamental mechanism of the volume changes within WQDs and the dynamic diffusion process of sodium ions.The WQD@MXene electrodes exhibit a nearly twofold enhancement in cycling performance(1000 vs 500 cycles),coloration speed(3.2 vs 6.0 s),and areal capacity(87.5 vs 43.9 mAhm^(-2) at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)),compared to those of the pristine WQD electrode.As a proof-of-concept demonstration,a smart house system integrated with SECDs demonstrates a“3-in-1”device,enabling a combination of energy-saving,energy storage,and display functionalities.The present work significantly advances the versatile applications of cost-effective electrochromic electronics in interdisciplinary.展开更多
Thermal barrier coating(TBC) materials play important roles in gas turbine engines to protect the Nibased super-alloys from the high temperature airflow damage. High melting point, ultra-low thermal conductivity, larg...Thermal barrier coating(TBC) materials play important roles in gas turbine engines to protect the Nibased super-alloys from the high temperature airflow damage. High melting point, ultra-low thermal conductivity, large thermal expansion coefficient, excellent damage tolerance and moderate mechanical properties are the main requirements of promising TBC materials. In order to improve the efficiency of jet and/or gas turbine engines, which is the key of improved thrust-to-weight ratios and the energysaving, significant efforts have been made on searching for enhanced TBC materials. Theoretically, density functional theory has been successfully used in scanning the structure and properties of materials, and at the same time predicting the mechanical and thermal properties of promising TBC materials for high and ultrahigh temperature applications, which are validated by subsequent experiments. Experimentally,doping and/or alloying are also widely applied to further decrease their thermal conductivities. Now, the strategy through combining theoretical calculations and experiments on searching for next generation thermal insulator materials is widely adopted. In this review, the common used techniques and the recent advantages on searching for promising TBC materials in both theory and experiments are summarized.展开更多
The exploration of novel multivariate heterostructures has emerged as a pivotal strategy for developing high-performance electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials.However,the loss mechanism in traditional heterost...The exploration of novel multivariate heterostructures has emerged as a pivotal strategy for developing high-performance electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials.However,the loss mechanism in traditional heterostructures is relatively simple,guided by empirical observations,and is not monotonous.In this work,we presented a novel semiconductor-semiconductor-metal heterostructure sys-tem,Mo-MXene/Mo-metal sulfides(metal=Sn,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni,Zn,and Cu),including semiconductor junctions and Mott-Schottky junctions.By skillfully combining these distinct functional components(Mo-MXene,MoS_(2),metal sulfides),we can engineer a multiple heterogeneous interface with superior absorption capabilities,broad effective absorption bandwidths,and ultrathin matching thickness.The successful establishment of semiconductor-semiconductor-metal heterostructures gives rise to a built-in electric field that intensifies electron transfer,as confirmed by density functional theory,which collaborates with multiple dielectric polarization mechanisms to substantially amplify EMW absorption.We detailed a successful synthesis of a series of Mo-MXene/Mo-metal sulfides featuring both semiconductor-semiconductor and semiconductor-metal interfaces.The achievements were most pronounced in Mo-MXene/Mo-Sn sulfide,which achieved remarkable reflection loss values of-70.6 dB at a matching thickness of only 1.885 mm.Radar cross-section calculations indicate that these MXene/Mo-metal sulfides have tremendous potential in practical military stealth technology.This work marks a departure from conventional component design limitations and presents a novel pathway for the creation of advanced MXene-based composites with potent EMW absorption capabilities.展开更多
Multifunctional electrochromic-induced rechargeable aqueous batteries(MERABs) integrate electrochromism and aqueous ion batteries into one platform, which is able to deliver the conversion and storage of photo-thermal...Multifunctional electrochromic-induced rechargeable aqueous batteries(MERABs) integrate electrochromism and aqueous ion batteries into one platform, which is able to deliver the conversion and storage of photo-thermal-electrochemical sources.Aqueous ion batteries compensate for the drawbacks of slow kinetic reactions and unsatisfied storage capacities of electrochromic devices. On the other hand, electrochromic technology can enable dynamically regulation of solar light and heat radiation. However,MERABs still face several technical issues, including a trade-off between electrochromic and electrochemical performance, low conversion efficiency and poor service life. In this connection, novel device configuration and electrode materials, and an optimized compatibility need to be considered for multidisciplinary applications. In this review,the unique advantages, key challenges and advanced applications are elucidated in a timely and comprehensive manner. Firstly, the prerequisites for effective integration of the working mechanism and device configuration, as well as the choice of electrode materials are examined. Secondly, the latest advances in the applications of MERABs are discussed, including wearable, self-powered, integrated systems and multisystem conversion. Finally, perspectives on the current challenges and future development are outlined, highlighting the giant leap required from laboratory prototypes to large-scale production and eventual commercialization.展开更多
Tungsten bronze coatings and films have attracted global attention for their applications in near-infrared(NIR)-shielding windows.However,they are unstable in strong ultraviolet,humid heat,alkaline and/or oxidizing en...Tungsten bronze coatings and films have attracted global attention for their applications in near-infrared(NIR)-shielding windows.However,they are unstable in strong ultraviolet,humid heat,alkaline and/or oxidizing environments and are difficult to be coated on glass surfaces with complex shape.Here,we address these limitations by doping sodium tungsten bronze(Na_(x)WO_(3))into bulk glasses using a simple glass melting method.X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,TEM and SEM-EDS characterization confirmed the presence of sodium tungsten bronze(Na_(x)WO_(3))functional units inside the 34SiO_(2)-38B_(2)O_(3)-28NaF glass matrix.Because the functional units are well protected by the glass matrix,the fabricated glasses are stable under hot,humid,oxidizing conditions,as well as under ambient conditions,with no change after 360 days.The NIR-shielding performance of these glasses can be adjusted to as high as 100%by varying WO_(x)concentration(2-8 mol%)and quenching temperature(1000-1400℃).With a content of 6 mol%WO_(x)and a quenching temperature of 1000℃,the bulk glass shows 63%transmission of visible light and only 11%transmission of NIR light at 1100 nm.Thermal insulation experiments show that the NIR-shielding performance of the glasses are far superior to commercial soda lime window glass or indium-doped tin oxide(ITO)glass,and comparable to cesium tungsten bronze coated glass.The novel bulk glasses have higher stability,simpler processing,and can be easily made into complex shapes,making them excellent alternative materials for energy-saving glasses.展开更多
Aqueous sodium-ion batteries have attracted extensive attention for large-scale energy storage applications,due to abundant sodium resources,low cost,intrinsic safety of aqueous electrolytes and eco-friendliness.The e...Aqueous sodium-ion batteries have attracted extensive attention for large-scale energy storage applications,due to abundant sodium resources,low cost,intrinsic safety of aqueous electrolytes and eco-friendliness.The electrochemical performance of aqueous sodium-ion batteries is affected by the properties of electrode materials and electrolytes.Among various electrode materials,Mn-based electrode materials have attracted tremendous attention because of the abundance of Mn,low cost,nontoxicity,eco-friendliness and interesting electrochemical performance.Aqueous electrolytes having narrow electrochemical window also affect the electrochemical performance of Mn-based electrode materials.In this review,we introduce systematically Mn-based electrode materials for aqueous sodium-ion batteries from cathode and anode materials and offer a comprehensive overview about their recent development.These Mn-based materials include oxides,Prussian blue analogues and polyanion compounds.We summarize and discuss the composition,crystal structure,morphology and electrochemical properties of Mn-based electrode materials.The improvement methods based on electrolyte optimization,element doping or substitution,optimization of morphology and carbon modification are highlighted.The perspectives of Mn-based electrode materials for future studies are also provided.We believe this review is important and helpful to explore and apply Mn-based electrode materials in aqueous sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
Transition metal phosphides with metallic properties are a promising candidate for electrocatalytic water oxidation,and developing highly active and stable metal phosphide-based oxygen evolution reaction catalysts is ...Transition metal phosphides with metallic properties are a promising candidate for electrocatalytic water oxidation,and developing highly active and stable metal phosphide-based oxygen evolution reaction catalysts is still challenging.Herein,we present a facile ion exchange and phosphating processes to transform intestine-like CoNiP_(x)@P,N-C into lotus pod-like CoNiFeP_(x)@P,N-C heterostructure in which numerous P,N-codoped carboncoated CoNiFeP_(x)nanoparticles tightly anchors on the 2D carbon matrix.Meanwhile,the as-prepared CoNiFeP_(x)@P,N-C enables a core-shell structure,high specific surface area,and hierarchical pore structure,which present abundant heterointerfaces and fully exposed active sites.Notably,the incorporation of Fe can also induce electron transfer in CoNiP_(x)@P,IM-C,thereby promoting the oxygen evolution reaction.Consequently,CoNiFeP_(x)@P,IM-C delivers a low overpotential of 278 mV(vs RHE)at a current density of10 mA cm^(-1)and inherits excellent long-term stability with no observable current density decay after 30 h of chronoamperometry test.This work not only highlights heteroatom induction to tune the electronic structure but also provides a facile approach for developing advanced and stable oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts with abundant heterointerfaces.展开更多
As indispensable parts of greenhouses and plant factories,agricultural covering films play a prominent role in regulating microclimate environments.Polyethylene covering films directly transmit the full solar spectrum...As indispensable parts of greenhouses and plant factories,agricultural covering films play a prominent role in regulating microclimate environments.Polyethylene covering films directly transmit the full solar spectrum.However,this high level of sunlight transmission may be inappropriate or even harmful for crops with specific photothermal requirements.Modern greenhouses are integrated with agricultural covering materials,heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems,and smart irrigation and communication technologies to maximize planting efficiency.This review provides insight into the photothermal requirements of crops and ways to meet these requirements,including new materials based on passive radiative cooling and light scattering,simulations to evaluate the energy consumption and environmental conditions in a greenhouse,and data mining to identify key biological growth factors and thereby improve new covering films.Finally,future challenges and directions for photothermalmanagement agricultural films are elaborated on to bridge the gap between lab-scale research and large-scale practical applications.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are among the most promising series of next-generation high density energy storage systems.However,the problem of“shuttle effect”caused by dissolution and migration of polysulfide inter...Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are among the most promising series of next-generation high density energy storage systems.However,the problem of“shuttle effect”caused by dissolution and migration of polysulfide intermediates has severely inhibited their practical applications.Herein,TiO_(2)-carbon nanocomposites embedded hierarchical porous carbon(T-hPC)interlayers are fabricated via Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene assisted phase separation and annealing method.The T-hPC processes micro-to macro-scale multipores along with highly adsorptive and catalytic carbon supported TiO_(2) nanoparticles,which significantly enhances the polysulfides immobilization and improves the redox reaction kinetics when applied as lithium-sulfur battery interlayers.An initial discharge specific capacity of 1551.1 m Ah/g and a stable capacity of 893.8 m Ah/g after 200 cycles at 0.5 C are obtained,corresponding to a capacity decay rate of only 0.04%per cycle.The investigations in this paper can provide a simple and effective strategy to enhance the electrochemical properties for lithium-sulfur batteries.展开更多
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach in cancer treatment and is considered a major advancement after surgical interventions, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. The clinical use of im...Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach in cancer treatment and is considered a major advancement after surgical interventions, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. The clinical use of immunotherapeutic drugs, particularly antibody-based drugs that target immune checkpoints, has notably increased~1.展开更多
Needle-to-plane geometry has been widely investigated and used in underwater pulsed discharges.The position relationship between the needle tip and insulation layer significantly affects the discharge patterns.We carr...Needle-to-plane geometry has been widely investigated and used in underwater pulsed discharges.The position relationship between the needle tip and insulation layer significantly affects the discharge patterns.We carried out experiments on underwater pulsed discharge with the needle tip protruding from,recessing into,and flushing with the insulating tube.The results are as follows.First,underwater pulsed discharge has a strong randomness under the experimental conditions.Different discharge patterns appeared under the same experimental environment.Second,recession into the insulator surface led to a higher probability of occurrence but a lower strength of spark discharge than protrusion.Third,between the needle tip protruding from and recessing into the insulation material,the average speed of propagation of underwater pulsed spark discharge decreased by an order of magnitude.The study shows that the optimum length of needle tip protruding from the insulation layer is 1 mm to obtain a strong underwater pulsed spark discharge.展开更多
Smart windows are an important strategy to reduce the energy consumption in buildings,which accounts for as much as 30%e40%of the society's energy consumption.VO_(2)-based thermochromic materials can intelligently...Smart windows are an important strategy to reduce the energy consumption in buildings,which accounts for as much as 30%e40%of the society's energy consumption.VO_(2)-based thermochromic materials can intelligently regulate the solar heat gains of building interiors.However,the unmatched thermal emissivity(ε)modulation of traditional VO_(2)/glass systems,i.e.,high emissivity at low temperatures and low emissivity at high temperatures,leads to additional heating and cooling energy loads in winter and summer,respectively.In this study,we propose a novel VO_(2)/polyacrylonitrile(PAN)/AgNW multilayer possessing flexible Ag nanowire supported FabryePerot cavities,which synchronously achieves high modulation abilities in both solar spectrum(DT_(sol) of 13.6%)and middle infrared region(D 3 of 0.50 at 8-13 mm).These achievements are the best among reports for pure VO_(2) smart windows.This study provides a flexible and effective protocol to dynamically enhance the light and heat utilization for practical building windows.展开更多
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygnease 2(TDO2) is specific for metabolizing tryptophan to kynurenine(KYN),which plays a critical role in mediating immune escape of cancer.Although accumulating evidence demonstrates that TDO2 over...Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygnease 2(TDO2) is specific for metabolizing tryptophan to kynurenine(KYN),which plays a critical role in mediating immune escape of cancer.Although accumulating evidence demonstrates that TDO2 overexpression is implicated in the development and progression of multiple cancers,its tumor-promoting role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) remains unclear.Here,we observed that TDO2 was overexpressed in ESCC tis sues and correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis,advanced clinical stage,and unfavorable prognosis.Functional experiments showed that TDO2 promoted tumor cell proliferation,migration,and colony formation,which could be prevented by inhibition of TDO2 and aryl hydrocarb on receptor(AHR).Further experimentation demonstrated that TDO2 could promote the tumor growth of KYSE150 tumor-bearing model,tumor burden of C57 BL/6 mice with ESCC induced by 4-NQO,enhance the expression of phosphorylated AKT,with subsequent pho sphorylation of GSK3β,and polarization of M2 macrophages by upregulating interleukin-8(IL-8) to accelerate tumor progression in the tumor microenvironment(TME).Collectively,our results discovered that TDO2 could upregulate IL-8 through AKT/GSK3β to direct the polarization of M2 macrophages in ESCC,and suggested that TDO2 could represent as an attractive therapeutic target and prognostic marker to ESCC.展开更多
PD-1 and CTLA-4 antibodies offer great hope for cancer immunotherapy.However,many patients are incapable of responding to PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade and show low response rates due to insufficient immune activation.The ...PD-1 and CTLA-4 antibodies offer great hope for cancer immunotherapy.However,many patients are incapable of responding to PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade and show low response rates due to insufficient immune activation.The combination of checkpoint blockers has been proposed to increase the response rates.Besides,antibody drugs have disadvantages such as inclined to cause immune-related adverse events and infiltration problems.In this study,we developed a cyclic peptide C25 by using Ph.D.-C7C phage display technology targeting LAG-3.As a result,C25 showed a relative high affinity with human LAG-3 protein and could effectively interfere the binding between LAG-3 and HLA-DR(MHC-II).Additionally,C25 could significantly stimulate CD8^+T cell activation in human PBMCs.The results also demonstrated that C25 could inhibit tumor growth of CT26,B16 and B 16-OVA bearing mice,and the infiltration of CD8^+T cells was significantly increased while FOXP3^+Tregs significantly decreased in the tumor site.Furthermore,the secretion of IFN-γby CD8^+T cells in spleen,draining lymph nodes and especially in the tumors was promoted.Simultaneously,we exploited T cells depletion models to study the anti-tumor mechanisms for C25 peptide,and the results combined with MTT assay confirmed that C25 exerted anti-tumor effects via CD8+T cells but not direct killing.In conclusion,cyclic peptide C25 provides a rationale for targeting the immune checkpoint,by blockade of LAG-3/HLA-DR interaction in order to enhance anti-tumor immunity,and C25 may provide an alternative for cancer immunotherapy besides antibody drugs.展开更多
The interaction of PD-1/PD-L1 allows tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance.Clinical success of the antibody drugs has proven that blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherap...The interaction of PD-1/PD-L1 allows tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance.Clinical success of the antibody drugs has proven that blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.Here,we developed a cyclic peptide C8 by using Ph.D.-C7 C phage display technology.C8 showed high binding affinity with h PD-1 and could effectively interfere the interaction of PD-1/PD-L1.Furthermore,C8 could stimulate CD8^(+)T cell activation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs).We also observed that C8 could suppress tumor growth in CT26 and B16-OVA,as well as anti-PD-1 antibody resistant B16 mouse model.CD8^(+)T cells infiltration significantly increased in tumor microenvironment,and IFN-γsecretion by CD8^(+)T cells in draining lymph nodes also increased.Simultaneously,we exploited T cells depletion models and confirmed that C8 exerted anti-tumor effects via activating CD8^(+)T cells dependent manner.The interaction model of C8 with h PD-1 was simulated and confirmed by alanine scanning.In conclusion,C8 shows anti-tumor capability by blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction,and C8 may provide an alternative candidate for cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
We report gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)doped iron-based metal-organic frameworks(GIM)which displays near-infrared light(NIR)-enhanced cascade nanozyme against hypoxic tumors.Due to the strong protein adsorption-induced su...We report gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)doped iron-based metal-organic frameworks(GIM)which displays near-infrared light(NIR)-enhanced cascade nanozyme against hypoxic tumors.Due to the strong protein adsorption-induced surface passivation,AuNPs suffer from the loss of glucose oxidase(GOx)activity.However,GIM could protect the GOx-like activity of AuNPs with the satisfactory shield capability.In addition,GIM exhibited excellent photothermal conversion ability and unique NIR light-enhanced GOx-like activity,which could efficiently increase the endogenous H2O2 production.Meanwhile,as the produced H2O2 is converted by GIM into O2 and highly toxic OH.Thus,GIM-catalyzed cascade reactions with NIR light irradiation not only offer the O2 but also promote the reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation at tumor sites.The produced O2 could be further applied to AuNPs catalytic oxidation of glucose and relieve hypoxic condition of tumor microenvironment(TME).As a proof-of-concept study,GIM demonstrates the admirable tumor ablation under NIR irradiation in vivo.展开更多
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52272225).
文摘Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)has garnered great attentions as a prospective cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by virtue of its decent theoretical capacity,superior ion conductivity and high structural stability.However,the inherently poor electronic conductivity and sluggish sodium-ion diffusion kinetics of NVP material give rise to inferior rate performance and unsatisfactory energy density,which strictly confine its further application in SIBs.Thus,it is of significance to boost the sodium storage performance of NVP cathode material.Up to now,many methods have been developed to optimize the electrochemical performance of NVP cathode material.In this review,the latest advances in optimization strategies for improving the electrochemical performance of NVP cathode material are well summarized and discussed,including carbon coating or modification,foreign-ion doping or substitution and nanostructure and morphology design.The foreign-ion doping or substitution is highlighted,involving Na,V,and PO_(4)^(3−)sites,which include single-site doping,multiple-site doping,single-ion doping,multiple-ion doping and so on.Furthermore,the challenges and prospects of high-performance NVP cathode material are also put forward.It is believed that this review can provide a useful reference for designing and developing high-performance NVP cathode material toward the large-scale application in SIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22269010)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.20224BAB214021).
文摘There is limited research reported on the multiple loss mechanism of electromagnetic waves(EMW)and the development of interface models.Dielectric loss and magnetic loss,as the two primary attenuation mechanisms in EMW absorbers,still pose challenges,especially in elucidating the correlation between composition,morphology,interface,and performance.Here,we construct 3D hierarchical porous conducting network structures and Schottky heterojunctions(MoNi_(4)@NC-NiFe_(2)O_(4)@NC)with a high density of defects,using trimetallic NiMoFe-MOFs.Synergistic enhancement of the dielectric and magnetic losses is realized through manipulation of the defects,interfaces,phase engineering,and magnetic resonance.In particular,the even dispersion of magnetic MoNi_(4) and NiFe_(2)O_(4)nanoparticles(NPs)within the carbon matrix triggers the creation of multiple heterogeneous interfaces.These inseparable interfaces,along with oxygen vacancies,play a role in enhancing dielectric polarization,while the closely spaced interactions among magnetic units contribute to magnetic loss.After optimizing the interfacial structure,NiFe_(2)O_(4)/MoNi_(4)-NC exhibits remarkable EMW absorption properties.A reflection loss(RL)value of-67.91 dB can be achieved at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.95 mm,and the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB,RL≤-10 dB)is as high as 5.76 GHz.Furthermore,we conducted radar scattering cross-section(RCS)simulations using computer simulation technology(CST)software,which revealed that NiFe_(2)O_(4)/MoNi_(4)-NC exhibits an RCS reduction value of 39.1 dB m^(2).Hence,this work provides comprehensive guidance for the construction of Schottky heterojunctions for lightweight EMW absorbers from a mechanistic point of view.
基金supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation(NRFCRP26-2021-0003,NRF),for research conducted at the National University of Singaporethe support by the ARTIC(ADT-RP2-Low Loss and Tunable Ferroelectrics for Sub-6G Applications).
文摘Sodium-ion-based electrochromic device(SECD)has been identified as an appealing cost-effective alternative of lithium-based counterparts,only if it can address the challenges in association with the inadequate electrochromic performance.In this regard,the quantized strategy is a particularly promising approach owing to the large surface-to-volume ratio and high reaction activity.However,quantum dots inevitably suffer from volume changes and undesired aggregation during electrochemical cycling.Herein,bioinspired from the robust connection of alveoli in lung,we propose a stable electrode,where WO_(3) quantum dots(WQDs)are robustly anchored on Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene through the strong chemical bonds of W-O-Ti.Theoretical results reveal the fundamental mechanism of the volume changes within WQDs and the dynamic diffusion process of sodium ions.The WQD@MXene electrodes exhibit a nearly twofold enhancement in cycling performance(1000 vs 500 cycles),coloration speed(3.2 vs 6.0 s),and areal capacity(87.5 vs 43.9 mAhm^(-2) at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)),compared to those of the pristine WQD electrode.As a proof-of-concept demonstration,a smart house system integrated with SECDs demonstrates a“3-in-1”device,enabling a combination of energy-saving,energy storage,and display functionalities.The present work significantly advances the versatile applications of cost-effective electrochromic electronics in interdisciplinary.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51602188)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar)by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (No. TP2015040)
文摘Thermal barrier coating(TBC) materials play important roles in gas turbine engines to protect the Nibased super-alloys from the high temperature airflow damage. High melting point, ultra-low thermal conductivity, large thermal expansion coefficient, excellent damage tolerance and moderate mechanical properties are the main requirements of promising TBC materials. In order to improve the efficiency of jet and/or gas turbine engines, which is the key of improved thrust-to-weight ratios and the energysaving, significant efforts have been made on searching for enhanced TBC materials. Theoretically, density functional theory has been successfully used in scanning the structure and properties of materials, and at the same time predicting the mechanical and thermal properties of promising TBC materials for high and ultrahigh temperature applications, which are validated by subsequent experiments. Experimentally,doping and/or alloying are also widely applied to further decrease their thermal conductivities. Now, the strategy through combining theoretical calculations and experiments on searching for next generation thermal insulator materials is widely adopted. In this review, the common used techniques and the recent advantages on searching for promising TBC materials in both theory and experiments are summarized.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22269010,52231007,12327804,T2321003,22088101)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.20224BAB214021)+1 种基金the Major Research Program of Jingdezhen Ceramic Industry(No.2023ZDGG002)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(973 Project No.2021YFA1200600).
文摘The exploration of novel multivariate heterostructures has emerged as a pivotal strategy for developing high-performance electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials.However,the loss mechanism in traditional heterostructures is relatively simple,guided by empirical observations,and is not monotonous.In this work,we presented a novel semiconductor-semiconductor-metal heterostructure sys-tem,Mo-MXene/Mo-metal sulfides(metal=Sn,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni,Zn,and Cu),including semiconductor junctions and Mott-Schottky junctions.By skillfully combining these distinct functional components(Mo-MXene,MoS_(2),metal sulfides),we can engineer a multiple heterogeneous interface with superior absorption capabilities,broad effective absorption bandwidths,and ultrathin matching thickness.The successful establishment of semiconductor-semiconductor-metal heterostructures gives rise to a built-in electric field that intensifies electron transfer,as confirmed by density functional theory,which collaborates with multiple dielectric polarization mechanisms to substantially amplify EMW absorption.We detailed a successful synthesis of a series of Mo-MXene/Mo-metal sulfides featuring both semiconductor-semiconductor and semiconductor-metal interfaces.The achievements were most pronounced in Mo-MXene/Mo-Sn sulfide,which achieved remarkable reflection loss values of-70.6 dB at a matching thickness of only 1.885 mm.Radar cross-section calculations indicate that these MXene/Mo-metal sulfides have tremendous potential in practical military stealth technology.This work marks a departure from conventional component design limitations and presents a novel pathway for the creation of advanced MXene-based composites with potent EMW absorption capabilities.
基金support by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (No. 2019-01-07-00-09E00020), for research conducted at the Shanghai Universitysupport by Independent depolyment project of Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences (E260GC0401)support by the Singapore National Research Foundation (NRF-CRP26-2021-0003, NRF), for research conducted at the National University of Singapore。
文摘Multifunctional electrochromic-induced rechargeable aqueous batteries(MERABs) integrate electrochromism and aqueous ion batteries into one platform, which is able to deliver the conversion and storage of photo-thermal-electrochemical sources.Aqueous ion batteries compensate for the drawbacks of slow kinetic reactions and unsatisfied storage capacities of electrochromic devices. On the other hand, electrochromic technology can enable dynamically regulation of solar light and heat radiation. However,MERABs still face several technical issues, including a trade-off between electrochromic and electrochemical performance, low conversion efficiency and poor service life. In this connection, novel device configuration and electrode materials, and an optimized compatibility need to be considered for multidisciplinary applications. In this review,the unique advantages, key challenges and advanced applications are elucidated in a timely and comprehensive manner. Firstly, the prerequisites for effective integration of the working mechanism and device configuration, as well as the choice of electrode materials are examined. Secondly, the latest advances in the applications of MERABs are discussed, including wearable, self-powered, integrated systems and multisystem conversion. Finally, perspectives on the current challenges and future development are outlined, highlighting the giant leap required from laboratory prototypes to large-scale production and eventual commercialization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072231,51602187,52072232,51702208)the program for the Young Eastern Scholars Program(No.QD2015028)+1 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.18JC1412800)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2019-01-07-00-09-E00020)from Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(China)。
文摘Tungsten bronze coatings and films have attracted global attention for their applications in near-infrared(NIR)-shielding windows.However,they are unstable in strong ultraviolet,humid heat,alkaline and/or oxidizing environments and are difficult to be coated on glass surfaces with complex shape.Here,we address these limitations by doping sodium tungsten bronze(Na_(x)WO_(3))into bulk glasses using a simple glass melting method.X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,TEM and SEM-EDS characterization confirmed the presence of sodium tungsten bronze(Na_(x)WO_(3))functional units inside the 34SiO_(2)-38B_(2)O_(3)-28NaF glass matrix.Because the functional units are well protected by the glass matrix,the fabricated glasses are stable under hot,humid,oxidizing conditions,as well as under ambient conditions,with no change after 360 days.The NIR-shielding performance of these glasses can be adjusted to as high as 100%by varying WO_(x)concentration(2-8 mol%)and quenching temperature(1000-1400℃).With a content of 6 mol%WO_(x)and a quenching temperature of 1000℃,the bulk glass shows 63%transmission of visible light and only 11%transmission of NIR light at 1100 nm.Thermal insulation experiments show that the NIR-shielding performance of the glasses are far superior to commercial soda lime window glass or indium-doped tin oxide(ITO)glass,and comparable to cesium tungsten bronze coated glass.The novel bulk glasses have higher stability,simpler processing,and can be easily made into complex shapes,making them excellent alternative materials for energy-saving glasses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52272225)Independent deployment project of Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences(E260GC0401).
文摘Aqueous sodium-ion batteries have attracted extensive attention for large-scale energy storage applications,due to abundant sodium resources,low cost,intrinsic safety of aqueous electrolytes and eco-friendliness.The electrochemical performance of aqueous sodium-ion batteries is affected by the properties of electrode materials and electrolytes.Among various electrode materials,Mn-based electrode materials have attracted tremendous attention because of the abundance of Mn,low cost,nontoxicity,eco-friendliness and interesting electrochemical performance.Aqueous electrolytes having narrow electrochemical window also affect the electrochemical performance of Mn-based electrode materials.In this review,we introduce systematically Mn-based electrode materials for aqueous sodium-ion batteries from cathode and anode materials and offer a comprehensive overview about their recent development.These Mn-based materials include oxides,Prussian blue analogues and polyanion compounds.We summarize and discuss the composition,crystal structure,morphology and electrochemical properties of Mn-based electrode materials.The improvement methods based on electrolyte optimization,element doping or substitution,optimization of morphology and carbon modification are highlighted.The perspectives of Mn-based electrode materials for future studies are also provided.We believe this review is important and helpful to explore and apply Mn-based electrode materials in aqueous sodium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22269010)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.20224BAB214021)+3 种基金the Training Program for Academic and Technical Leaders of Major Disciplines in Jiangxi Province(No.20212BCJ23020)the Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(No.GJJ211305)the Jingdezhen Science and Technology Planning Project(No.20212GYZD009-04)the Graduate Innovation Fund of Jiangxi Province(YC2022-s880)
文摘Transition metal phosphides with metallic properties are a promising candidate for electrocatalytic water oxidation,and developing highly active and stable metal phosphide-based oxygen evolution reaction catalysts is still challenging.Herein,we present a facile ion exchange and phosphating processes to transform intestine-like CoNiP_(x)@P,N-C into lotus pod-like CoNiFeP_(x)@P,N-C heterostructure in which numerous P,N-codoped carboncoated CoNiFeP_(x)nanoparticles tightly anchors on the 2D carbon matrix.Meanwhile,the as-prepared CoNiFeP_(x)@P,N-C enables a core-shell structure,high specific surface area,and hierarchical pore structure,which present abundant heterointerfaces and fully exposed active sites.Notably,the incorporation of Fe can also induce electron transfer in CoNiP_(x)@P,IM-C,thereby promoting the oxygen evolution reaction.Consequently,CoNiFeP_(x)@P,IM-C delivers a low overpotential of 278 mV(vs RHE)at a current density of10 mA cm^(-1)and inherits excellent long-term stability with no observable current density decay after 30 h of chronoamperometry test.This work not only highlights heteroatom induction to tune the electronic structure but also provides a facile approach for developing advanced and stable oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts with abundant heterointerfaces.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372088)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2019-01-07-00-09-E00020).
文摘As indispensable parts of greenhouses and plant factories,agricultural covering films play a prominent role in regulating microclimate environments.Polyethylene covering films directly transmit the full solar spectrum.However,this high level of sunlight transmission may be inappropriate or even harmful for crops with specific photothermal requirements.Modern greenhouses are integrated with agricultural covering materials,heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems,and smart irrigation and communication technologies to maximize planting efficiency.This review provides insight into the photothermal requirements of crops and ways to meet these requirements,including new materials based on passive radiative cooling and light scattering,simulations to evaluate the energy consumption and environmental conditions in a greenhouse,and data mining to identify key biological growth factors and thereby improve new covering films.Finally,future challenges and directions for photothermalmanagement agricultural films are elaborated on to bridge the gap between lab-scale research and large-scale practical applications.
基金supported in part by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.51502268,51325203,22002142 and 51574205)the Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Resource Materials(No.zycl202008)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are among the most promising series of next-generation high density energy storage systems.However,the problem of“shuttle effect”caused by dissolution and migration of polysulfide intermediates has severely inhibited their practical applications.Herein,TiO_(2)-carbon nanocomposites embedded hierarchical porous carbon(T-hPC)interlayers are fabricated via Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene assisted phase separation and annealing method.The T-hPC processes micro-to macro-scale multipores along with highly adsorptive and catalytic carbon supported TiO_(2) nanoparticles,which significantly enhances the polysulfides immobilization and improves the redox reaction kinetics when applied as lithium-sulfur battery interlayers.An initial discharge specific capacity of 1551.1 m Ah/g and a stable capacity of 893.8 m Ah/g after 200 cycles at 0.5 C are obtained,corresponding to a capacity decay rate of only 0.04%per cycle.The investigations in this paper can provide a simple and effective strategy to enhance the electrochemical properties for lithium-sulfur batteries.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U20A20369)GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2022B1515120085)。
文摘Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach in cancer treatment and is considered a major advancement after surgical interventions, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. The clinical use of immunotherapeutic drugs, particularly antibody-based drugs that target immune checkpoints, has notably increased~1.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of the Hebei Higher Education Institutions of China No.ZD2014031。
文摘Needle-to-plane geometry has been widely investigated and used in underwater pulsed discharges.The position relationship between the needle tip and insulation layer significantly affects the discharge patterns.We carried out experiments on underwater pulsed discharge with the needle tip protruding from,recessing into,and flushing with the insulating tube.The results are as follows.First,underwater pulsed discharge has a strong randomness under the experimental conditions.Different discharge patterns appeared under the same experimental environment.Second,recession into the insulator surface led to a higher probability of occurrence but a lower strength of spark discharge than protrusion.Third,between the needle tip protruding from and recessing into the insulation material,the average speed of propagation of underwater pulsed spark discharge decreased by an order of magnitude.The study shows that the optimum length of needle tip protruding from the insulation layer is 1 mm to obtain a strong underwater pulsed spark discharge.
基金supported in part by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Contract Nos.:51502268,51325203)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy,Shanghai University(SKLASS 2022e04)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.19DZ2270200)the Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Resource Materials(Contract No.:zycl202008).
文摘Smart windows are an important strategy to reduce the energy consumption in buildings,which accounts for as much as 30%e40%of the society's energy consumption.VO_(2)-based thermochromic materials can intelligently regulate the solar heat gains of building interiors.However,the unmatched thermal emissivity(ε)modulation of traditional VO_(2)/glass systems,i.e.,high emissivity at low temperatures and low emissivity at high temperatures,leads to additional heating and cooling energy loads in winter and summer,respectively.In this study,we propose a novel VO_(2)/polyacrylonitrile(PAN)/AgNW multilayer possessing flexible Ag nanowire supported FabryePerot cavities,which synchronously achieves high modulation abilities in both solar spectrum(DT_(sol) of 13.6%)and middle infrared region(D 3 of 0.50 at 8-13 mm).These achievements are the best among reports for pure VO_(2) smart windows.This study provides a flexible and effective protocol to dynamically enhance the light and heat utilization for practical building windows.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1604286,81822043,and 81901687)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(3000531,China)the Key Incubation Fund of SYSU(19ykzd29,China)
文摘Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygnease 2(TDO2) is specific for metabolizing tryptophan to kynurenine(KYN),which plays a critical role in mediating immune escape of cancer.Although accumulating evidence demonstrates that TDO2 overexpression is implicated in the development and progression of multiple cancers,its tumor-promoting role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) remains unclear.Here,we observed that TDO2 was overexpressed in ESCC tis sues and correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis,advanced clinical stage,and unfavorable prognosis.Functional experiments showed that TDO2 promoted tumor cell proliferation,migration,and colony formation,which could be prevented by inhibition of TDO2 and aryl hydrocarb on receptor(AHR).Further experimentation demonstrated that TDO2 could promote the tumor growth of KYSE150 tumor-bearing model,tumor burden of C57 BL/6 mice with ESCC induced by 4-NQO,enhance the expression of phosphorylated AKT,with subsequent pho sphorylation of GSK3β,and polarization of M2 macrophages by upregulating interleukin-8(IL-8) to accelerate tumor progression in the tumor microenvironment(TME).Collectively,our results discovered that TDO2 could upregulate IL-8 through AKT/GSK3β to direct the polarization of M2 macrophages in ESCC,and suggested that TDO2 could represent as an attractive therapeutic target and prognostic marker to ESCC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81822043,U1604286)Key Scientific Research Projects of Henan Higher Education Institutions(No.18A180033)
文摘PD-1 and CTLA-4 antibodies offer great hope for cancer immunotherapy.However,many patients are incapable of responding to PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade and show low response rates due to insufficient immune activation.The combination of checkpoint blockers has been proposed to increase the response rates.Besides,antibody drugs have disadvantages such as inclined to cause immune-related adverse events and infiltration problems.In this study,we developed a cyclic peptide C25 by using Ph.D.-C7C phage display technology targeting LAG-3.As a result,C25 showed a relative high affinity with human LAG-3 protein and could effectively interfere the binding between LAG-3 and HLA-DR(MHC-II).Additionally,C25 could significantly stimulate CD8^+T cell activation in human PBMCs.The results also demonstrated that C25 could inhibit tumor growth of CT26,B16 and B 16-OVA bearing mice,and the infiltration of CD8^+T cells was significantly increased while FOXP3^+Tregs significantly decreased in the tumor site.Furthermore,the secretion of IFN-γby CD8^+T cells in spleen,draining lymph nodes and especially in the tumors was promoted.Simultaneously,we exploited T cells depletion models to study the anti-tumor mechanisms for C25 peptide,and the results combined with MTT assay confirmed that C25 exerted anti-tumor effects via CD8+T cells but not direct killing.In conclusion,cyclic peptide C25 provides a rationale for targeting the immune checkpoint,by blockade of LAG-3/HLA-DR interaction in order to enhance anti-tumor immunity,and C25 may provide an alternative for cancer immunotherapy besides antibody drugs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81822043,U1604286)Key Scientific Research Projects of Henan Higher Education Institutions(18A180033,16A180037)the Key Incubation Fund of SYSU(19ykzd29)。
文摘The interaction of PD-1/PD-L1 allows tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance.Clinical success of the antibody drugs has proven that blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.Here,we developed a cyclic peptide C8 by using Ph.D.-C7 C phage display technology.C8 showed high binding affinity with h PD-1 and could effectively interfere the interaction of PD-1/PD-L1.Furthermore,C8 could stimulate CD8^(+)T cell activation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs).We also observed that C8 could suppress tumor growth in CT26 and B16-OVA,as well as anti-PD-1 antibody resistant B16 mouse model.CD8^(+)T cells infiltration significantly increased in tumor microenvironment,and IFN-γsecretion by CD8^(+)T cells in draining lymph nodes also increased.Simultaneously,we exploited T cells depletion models and confirmed that C8 exerted anti-tumor effects via activating CD8^(+)T cells dependent manner.The interaction model of C8 with h PD-1 was simulated and confirmed by alanine scanning.In conclusion,C8 shows anti-tumor capability by blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction,and C8 may provide an alternative candidate for cancer immunotherapy.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21874066,81601632 and 61804076)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20160616 and BK20180700)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities,the Shuangchuang Program of Jiangsu Province,and the Thousand Talents Program for Young Researchers.
文摘We report gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)doped iron-based metal-organic frameworks(GIM)which displays near-infrared light(NIR)-enhanced cascade nanozyme against hypoxic tumors.Due to the strong protein adsorption-induced surface passivation,AuNPs suffer from the loss of glucose oxidase(GOx)activity.However,GIM could protect the GOx-like activity of AuNPs with the satisfactory shield capability.In addition,GIM exhibited excellent photothermal conversion ability and unique NIR light-enhanced GOx-like activity,which could efficiently increase the endogenous H2O2 production.Meanwhile,as the produced H2O2 is converted by GIM into O2 and highly toxic OH.Thus,GIM-catalyzed cascade reactions with NIR light irradiation not only offer the O2 but also promote the reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation at tumor sites.The produced O2 could be further applied to AuNPs catalytic oxidation of glucose and relieve hypoxic condition of tumor microenvironment(TME).As a proof-of-concept study,GIM demonstrates the admirable tumor ablation under NIR irradiation in vivo.
