Long-term intake of high-fat diet(HFD)leads to systemic hypo-inflammation,which is involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the interventional effect of inulin addition...Long-term intake of high-fat diet(HFD)leads to systemic hypo-inflammation,which is involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the interventional effect of inulin addition on HFD-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Here,we assessed liver inflammation and lipid metabolism by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR),and explored its relationship with intestinal flora and metabolites by 16S r DNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics.In addition,we determined the effect of the inositol-requiring enzyme-1α-X-box binding protein 1(IRE1α-XBP1)pathway on liver macrophage polarization by flow cytometry.In conclusion,our study has demonstrated that inulin ameliorates high levels of bile acids and colonic immune disorders induced by HFD,and improves hepatic macrophage polarization and hepatic lipid metabolism via the intestine-hepatic axis,thus providing a mechanistic basis for therapeutic approaches to modulate bile acids to improve colonic inflammation and NAFLD.展开更多
Probiotics participate in various physiological activities and contribute to body health.However,their viability and bioefficacy are adversely affected by gastrointestinal harsh conditions,such as gastric acid,bile sa...Probiotics participate in various physiological activities and contribute to body health.However,their viability and bioefficacy are adversely affected by gastrointestinal harsh conditions,such as gastric acid,bile salts and various enzymes.Fortunately,encapsulation based on various nanomaterials shows tremendous potential to protect probiotics.In this review,we introduced some novel encapsulation technologies involving nanomaterials in view of predesigned stability and viability,selective adhesion,smart release and colonization,and efficacy exertion of encapsulated probiotics.Furthermore,the interactions between encapsulated probiotics and the gastrointestinal tract were summarized and analyzed,with highlighting the regulatory mechanisms of encapsulated probiotics on intestinal mechanical barrier,chemical barrier,biological barrier and immune barrier.This review would benefit the food and pharmaceutical industries in preparation and utilization of multifunctional encapsulated probiotics.展开更多
基金supported by the projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901701)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1606704)+1 种基金Key R&D Program Project of Shaanxi Province(2024NC-YBXM-151-4)Science and Technology Plan Project of Xi'an(2014JH-NYYB-0103)。
文摘Long-term intake of high-fat diet(HFD)leads to systemic hypo-inflammation,which is involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the interventional effect of inulin addition on HFD-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Here,we assessed liver inflammation and lipid metabolism by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR),and explored its relationship with intestinal flora and metabolites by 16S r DNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics.In addition,we determined the effect of the inositol-requiring enzyme-1α-X-box binding protein 1(IRE1α-XBP1)pathway on liver macrophage polarization by flow cytometry.In conclusion,our study has demonstrated that inulin ameliorates high levels of bile acids and colonic immune disorders induced by HFD,and improves hepatic macrophage polarization and hepatic lipid metabolism via the intestine-hepatic axis,thus providing a mechanistic basis for therapeutic approaches to modulate bile acids to improve colonic inflammation and NAFLD.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2019YFC1606704)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2022NY-013)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801653)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2019JQ-722).
文摘Probiotics participate in various physiological activities and contribute to body health.However,their viability and bioefficacy are adversely affected by gastrointestinal harsh conditions,such as gastric acid,bile salts and various enzymes.Fortunately,encapsulation based on various nanomaterials shows tremendous potential to protect probiotics.In this review,we introduced some novel encapsulation technologies involving nanomaterials in view of predesigned stability and viability,selective adhesion,smart release and colonization,and efficacy exertion of encapsulated probiotics.Furthermore,the interactions between encapsulated probiotics and the gastrointestinal tract were summarized and analyzed,with highlighting the regulatory mechanisms of encapsulated probiotics on intestinal mechanical barrier,chemical barrier,biological barrier and immune barrier.This review would benefit the food and pharmaceutical industries in preparation and utilization of multifunctional encapsulated probiotics.
