The Taklimakan Desert,located in the heart of central Asia,covers approximately 330000 km^(2),making it China's largest desert and the world's second-largest shifting desert(Dong et al.,2024).With an average a...The Taklimakan Desert,located in the heart of central Asia,covers approximately 330000 km^(2),making it China's largest desert and the world's second-largest shifting desert(Dong et al.,2024).With an average annual precipitation of less than 100 mm and evaporation rates ranging from 2000 to 3000 mm(Yang et al.,2020),it is recognized as one of the driest regions on Earth,often referred to as the“sea of death”.展开更多
The equitable total coloring of a graph G is a total coloring such that the numbers of elements in any two colors differ by at most one.The smallest number of colors needed for an equitable total coloring is called th...The equitable total coloring of a graph G is a total coloring such that the numbers of elements in any two colors differ by at most one.The smallest number of colors needed for an equitable total coloring is called the equitable total chromatic number.This paper contributes to the equitable total coloring of Fibonacci graphs F_(∆,n).We determine the equitable total chromatic numbers of F_(∆,n) for∆=3,4,5 and propose a conjecture on that for∆>=6.展开更多
After the completion of Beijing New Airport, air-rail intermodality will become an important means of internal and external links in Jing-Jin-Ji Region. Jing-Jin-Ji Air-Rail Intermodality System is built and 7 sub-sys...After the completion of Beijing New Airport, air-rail intermodality will become an important means of internal and external links in Jing-Jin-Ji Region. Jing-Jin-Ji Air-Rail Intermodality System is built and 7 sub-systems are divided based on user demand analysis. Refer to the passenger process, the business process of the system is planned and the sub-systems are described using data flow diagram. The system provides theoretical support for the development of air-rail intermodal in Jing-Jin-Ji region.展开更多
Reservoirs play a critical role in terrestrial hydrological systems,but the contribution of small and medium-sized ones is rarely considered and recorded.Particularly in developing countries,there is a rapid increase ...Reservoirs play a critical role in terrestrial hydrological systems,but the contribution of small and medium-sized ones is rarely considered and recorded.Particularly in developing countries,there is a rapid increase of such reservoirs due to their quick construction.Accurately identifying these reservoirs is important for understanding social and economic development,but distinguishing them from other natural water bodies poses a significant challenge.Thus,we propose a method to identify reservoirs using high-resolution satellite images and deep learning algorithms.We trained models with various parameters and network structures,and You Only Look Once version 7(YOLOv7)outperformed other algorithms and was selected to build the final model.The method was applied to a region in northwestern Iran,characterized by an abundance of reservoirs of various sizes.Evaluation results indicated that our method was highly accurate(mAP:0.79,Recall:0.76,Precision:0.82).The YOLOv7 model was able to automatically identify 650 reservoirs in the entire study region,indicating that the proposed method can accurately detect reservoirs and has the potential for broader-scale surveys,even global applications.展开更多
Basic medicine is the foundation of basic knowledge of medical science,life science,and natural science,and is the basis for training medical talents.It can help students correctly understand the relationship between ...Basic medicine is the foundation of basic knowledge of medical science,life science,and natural science,and is the basis for training medical talents.It can help students correctly understand the relationship between disease and health,and is of great significance under the perspective of the Healthy China strategy.However,there are still some deficiencies in the current teaching,and insufficient attention has been paid to civics and politics.Thus,it is necessary to carry out curriculum reform in order to enable students to better understand medical knowledge and master medical skills,to ensure the development of medical education,and to play an important role in basic medicine.This study combines the necessity of curriculum reform under the perspective of civics and politics and puts forward a teaching reform strategy suitable for the development of contemporary medicine to provide a direction for the educational development of basic medicine.展开更多
Arid central Asia,encompassing Northwest China and Central Asia,constitutes the world’s largest azonal arid region.The climatic dynamics of this region are primarily influenced by the strength and position of the wes...Arid central Asia,encompassing Northwest China and Central Asia,constitutes the world’s largest azonal arid region.The climatic dynamics of this region are primarily influenced by the strength and position of the westerly circulation[1].Arid central Asia is characterized by a distinctive basin-mountain geomorphological structure,which creates pronounced environmental contrasts.The intermontane basins are extremely arid,with extensive deserts that rank among the most prolific dust emission zones in the Northern Hemisphere.In contrast,the mountainous regions are rainy and humid,with abundant water resources that support oasis agriculture and civilization.展开更多
Central Asia(CA)faces a severe water crisis exemplified by the shrinking Aral Sea.However,little is known about the entire region,particularly the numerous small water bodies that are vulnerable to climate change yet ...Central Asia(CA)faces a severe water crisis exemplified by the shrinking Aral Sea.However,little is known about the entire region,particularly the numerous small water bodies that are vulnerable to climate change yet vital for regional sustainability.We examined water bodies as small as 0.0045 km^(2)across CA from 1992 to 2020,identifying 66,215 water bodies in 2020,82.2%of which were previously unstudied.In contrast to the well-documented decline of the Aral Sea,other water bodies have expanded by 10.7%(8714.3 km^(2)),with a net gain of 15,831 lakes since 1992.These findings challenge the perception of a drying CA and provide evidence of a warm-wet climate trend,which is redistributing water resources and creating opportunities for transforming water management to address the long-standing water crisis in CA.展开更多
Tribenuron-methyl （TM） is a powerful sulfonylurea herbicide that inhibits branched-chain amino acid （BCAA） biosynthesis by targeting the catalytic subunit （CSR1） of acetolactate synthase （ALS）. Selective in- d...Tribenuron-methyl （TM） is a powerful sulfonylurea herbicide that inhibits branched-chain amino acid （BCAA） biosynthesis by targeting the catalytic subunit （CSR1） of acetolactate synthase （ALS）. Selective in- duction of male sterility by foliar spraying of TM at low doses has been widely used for hybrid seed produc- tion in rapeseed （Brassica napus）; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report greater TM accumulation and subsequent stronger ALS inhibition and BCAA starvation in anthers than in leaves and stems after TM application. Constitutive or anther-specific expression of csrl-lD （a CSR1 mutant） eliminated anther-selective ALS inhibition and reversed the TM-induced male sterile phenotype in both rapeseed and Arabidopsis. The results of TM daub-stem experiments, combined with the observations of little TM accumulation in anthers and reversion of TM-induced male sterility by targeted expression of the TM metabolism gene Bel in either the mesophyll or phloem, suggested that foliar-sprayed TM was polar-transported to anthers mainly through the mesophyll and phloem. Microscopy and immunoblotting revealed that autophagy, a bulk degradation process induced during cell death, was elevated in TM-induced male sterile anthers and by anther-specific knockdown of ALS. Moreover, TM-induced pollen abortion was significantly inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. These data suggested that TM was polar-transported to anthers, resulting in BCAA starvation via anther-specific ALS inhibition and, ulti- mately, autophagic cell death in anthers.展开更多
In the context of global warming,winter temperature variability exhibits marked regional differences and has become a central focus in climate research.This study reconstructs winter minimum temperatures(WMT)since AD ...In the context of global warming,winter temperature variability exhibits marked regional differences and has become a central focus in climate research.This study reconstructs winter minimum temperatures(WMT)since AD 1879 using a tree-ring width index chronology of Taxus baccata L.,sampled at 1500-1600 m elevation in the south-western Caspian Sea region.It also offers preliminary insights into the mechanisms driving winter temperature variability.The results show that tree radial growth is significantly and positively correlated with both late spring to early summer precipitation and winter temperatures,with the strongest association observed with WMT.The reconstructed WMT series reveals distinct interannual and decadal fluctuations over the past century.Prolonged warm periods(lasting five or more consecutive years)occurred during 1886-1890,1914-1918,1921-1925,1933-1939,1961-1965,1975-1980,and 1997-2005.Despite a warming trend since the 1980s,a cooling signal has emerged in the early 21st century,and reconstructed temperatures remain within the range of historical variability.Spatial correlation analysis indicates that the reconstruction captures winter temperature variability across westerly-dominated regions of Central and Western Asia.Wavelet analyses further reveal a phase-dependent relationship with the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO)in the 6-12-year band,and significant coherence with Nino 3.4 sea surface temperatures(SST)in the 4-8-year band during specific periods.Overall,WMT variability appears to be modulated by the combined influence of NAO and ENSO at multiple scales,although other regional processes may also contribute.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42072211)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42401048)the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition and Research Program(No.2021xjkk0302)。
文摘The Taklimakan Desert,located in the heart of central Asia,covers approximately 330000 km^(2),making it China's largest desert and the world's second-largest shifting desert(Dong et al.,2024).With an average annual precipitation of less than 100 mm and evaporation rates ranging from 2000 to 3000 mm(Yang et al.,2020),it is recognized as one of the driest regions on Earth,often referred to as the“sea of death”.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62072292)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2020KF010).
文摘The equitable total coloring of a graph G is a total coloring such that the numbers of elements in any two colors differ by at most one.The smallest number of colors needed for an equitable total coloring is called the equitable total chromatic number.This paper contributes to the equitable total coloring of Fibonacci graphs F_(∆,n).We determine the equitable total chromatic numbers of F_(∆,n) for∆=3,4,5 and propose a conjecture on that for∆>=6.
文摘After the completion of Beijing New Airport, air-rail intermodality will become an important means of internal and external links in Jing-Jin-Ji Region. Jing-Jin-Ji Air-Rail Intermodality System is built and 7 sub-systems are divided based on user demand analysis. Refer to the passenger process, the business process of the system is planned and the sub-systems are described using data flow diagram. The system provides theoretical support for the development of air-rail intermodal in Jing-Jin-Ji region.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[Grant No.2022YFF0711702]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.42171140]+1 种基金the TPESER Youth Innovation Key Program[Grant No.TPESER-QNCX2022ZD-04]has been supported by the ESA MOST Dragon V Program.
文摘Reservoirs play a critical role in terrestrial hydrological systems,but the contribution of small and medium-sized ones is rarely considered and recorded.Particularly in developing countries,there is a rapid increase of such reservoirs due to their quick construction.Accurately identifying these reservoirs is important for understanding social and economic development,but distinguishing them from other natural water bodies poses a significant challenge.Thus,we propose a method to identify reservoirs using high-resolution satellite images and deep learning algorithms.We trained models with various parameters and network structures,and You Only Look Once version 7(YOLOv7)outperformed other algorithms and was selected to build the final model.The method was applied to a region in northwestern Iran,characterized by an abundance of reservoirs of various sizes.Evaluation results indicated that our method was highly accurate(mAP:0.79,Recall:0.76,Precision:0.82).The YOLOv7 model was able to automatically identify 650 reservoirs in the entire study region,indicating that the proposed method can accurately detect reservoirs and has the potential for broader-scale surveys,even global applications.
基金Key Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Science“14th Five-Year Plan”2022(GJB1422701)General Project of Educational Teaching Reform of Jiamusi University in Heilongjiang Province(2021JY1-06)+1 种基金Key Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Science“14th Five-Year Plan”2021(GJB1421168)Key Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Science“14th Five-Year Plan”2022(GJB1422698)。
文摘Basic medicine is the foundation of basic knowledge of medical science,life science,and natural science,and is the basis for training medical talents.It can help students correctly understand the relationship between disease and health,and is of great significance under the perspective of the Healthy China strategy.However,there are still some deficiencies in the current teaching,and insufficient attention has been paid to civics and politics.Thus,it is necessary to carry out curriculum reform in order to enable students to better understand medical knowledge and master medical skills,to ensure the development of medical education,and to play an important role in basic medicine.This study combines the necessity of curriculum reform under the perspective of civics and politics and puts forward a teaching reform strategy suitable for the development of contemporary medicine to provide a direction for the educational development of basic medicine.
基金supported by the Excellent Research Group Program for Tibetan Plateau Earth System(42588201)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0725005)+2 种基金the TPESER Youth Innovation Key Program(TPESER-QNCX2022ZD-04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42401048)the China Postdoctoral Innovation Program(GZC20241804).
文摘Arid central Asia,encompassing Northwest China and Central Asia,constitutes the world’s largest azonal arid region.The climatic dynamics of this region are primarily influenced by the strength and position of the westerly circulation[1].Arid central Asia is characterized by a distinctive basin-mountain geomorphological structure,which creates pronounced environmental contrasts.The intermontane basins are extremely arid,with extensive deserts that rank among the most prolific dust emission zones in the Northern Hemisphere.In contrast,the mountainous regions are rainy and humid,with abundant water resources that support oasis agriculture and civilization.
基金supported by the Excellent Research GroupProgram for Tibetan Plateau Earth System(42588201)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0606404)+2 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Tibetan PlateauEarth System,Environment and Resources(TPESER)Youth Innovation Key Program(TPESER-QNCX2022ZD-04)the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(42401048)the China Postdoctoral Innovation Program(GZC20241804).
文摘Central Asia(CA)faces a severe water crisis exemplified by the shrinking Aral Sea.However,little is known about the entire region,particularly the numerous small water bodies that are vulnerable to climate change yet vital for regional sustainability.We examined water bodies as small as 0.0045 km^(2)across CA from 1992 to 2020,identifying 66,215 water bodies in 2020,82.2%of which were previously unstudied.In contrast to the well-documented decline of the Aral Sea,other water bodies have expanded by 10.7%(8714.3 km^(2)),with a net gain of 15,831 lakes since 1992.These findings challenge the perception of a drying CA and provide evidence of a warm-wet climate trend,which is redistributing water resources and creating opportunities for transforming water management to address the long-standing water crisis in CA.
文摘Tribenuron-methyl （TM） is a powerful sulfonylurea herbicide that inhibits branched-chain amino acid （BCAA） biosynthesis by targeting the catalytic subunit （CSR1） of acetolactate synthase （ALS）. Selective in- duction of male sterility by foliar spraying of TM at low doses has been widely used for hybrid seed produc- tion in rapeseed （Brassica napus）; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report greater TM accumulation and subsequent stronger ALS inhibition and BCAA starvation in anthers than in leaves and stems after TM application. Constitutive or anther-specific expression of csrl-lD （a CSR1 mutant） eliminated anther-selective ALS inhibition and reversed the TM-induced male sterile phenotype in both rapeseed and Arabidopsis. The results of TM daub-stem experiments, combined with the observations of little TM accumulation in anthers and reversion of TM-induced male sterility by targeted expression of the TM metabolism gene Bel in either the mesophyll or phloem, suggested that foliar-sprayed TM was polar-transported to anthers mainly through the mesophyll and phloem. Microscopy and immunoblotting revealed that autophagy, a bulk degradation process induced during cell death, was elevated in TM-induced male sterile anthers and by anther-specific knockdown of ALS. Moreover, TM-induced pollen abortion was significantly inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. These data suggested that TM was polar-transported to anthers, resulting in BCAA starvation via anther-specific ALS inhibition and, ulti- mately, autophagic cell death in anthers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42171162)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2022QNRC001)+1 种基金NSFC-INSF Joint Research Project(No.42261144670)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42101158).
文摘In the context of global warming,winter temperature variability exhibits marked regional differences and has become a central focus in climate research.This study reconstructs winter minimum temperatures(WMT)since AD 1879 using a tree-ring width index chronology of Taxus baccata L.,sampled at 1500-1600 m elevation in the south-western Caspian Sea region.It also offers preliminary insights into the mechanisms driving winter temperature variability.The results show that tree radial growth is significantly and positively correlated with both late spring to early summer precipitation and winter temperatures,with the strongest association observed with WMT.The reconstructed WMT series reveals distinct interannual and decadal fluctuations over the past century.Prolonged warm periods(lasting five or more consecutive years)occurred during 1886-1890,1914-1918,1921-1925,1933-1939,1961-1965,1975-1980,and 1997-2005.Despite a warming trend since the 1980s,a cooling signal has emerged in the early 21st century,and reconstructed temperatures remain within the range of historical variability.Spatial correlation analysis indicates that the reconstruction captures winter temperature variability across westerly-dominated regions of Central and Western Asia.Wavelet analyses further reveal a phase-dependent relationship with the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO)in the 6-12-year band,and significant coherence with Nino 3.4 sea surface temperatures(SST)in the 4-8-year band during specific periods.Overall,WMT variability appears to be modulated by the combined influence of NAO and ENSO at multiple scales,although other regional processes may also contribute.
