It is difficult for solanum crops to grow continuously during winter in severe cold regions. Thus, a soil heating system for facility agriculture based on solar concentration technology was proposed, and a novel compo...It is difficult for solanum crops to grow continuously during winter in severe cold regions. Thus, a soil heating system for facility agriculture based on solar concentration technology was proposed, and a novel compound parabolic concentration photothermal and photoelectricity device(CTPV) equipped in the system was designed to address this problem. In accordance with the structure of the device, LightTools optical software was selected to analyze the variation trend of the light escape rate of the device with the diff erent incident angles. On the basis of the calculation results, an experimental test system was used to investigate the relationship of the air temperature of the inlet and the outlet, total output power of the solar cells, and photothermal and photoelectricity efficiency of the device with the operation time during a sunny day. Research results reveal that the light escape rate of the device is 5.36% at an incidence angle of 12°. At a velocity of 1.5 m/s, the maximum air temperature of the outlet can reach 55.6 ℃, and the total output power of the solar cells is 474.4 W. The variation of the total power of the solar cells is consistent with the simulation results. The maximum instantaneous heat collection and the maximum photothermal and photoelectricity efficiency of the device are 306 W and 60.4%, respectively, and the average efficiency is 44.9%. This study can serve as a reference for compound parabolic concentration technology applied for soil heating in facility agricultural soil heating systems.展开更多
The flashover performance of insulating materials plays an important role in the development of high-voltage insulation systems.In this paper,silicone rubber(SIR)is modified by CF4 radio frequency capacitively coupled...The flashover performance of insulating materials plays an important role in the development of high-voltage insulation systems.In this paper,silicone rubber(SIR)is modified by CF4 radio frequency capacitively coupled plasma(CCP)for the improvement of surface insulation performance.The discharge mode and active particles of CCP are diagnosed by the digital single-lens reflex and the spectrometer.Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used for the surface physicochemical properties of samples,while the surface charge dissipation,charge accumulation measurement,and flashover test are applied for the surface electrical characteristics.Experimental results show that the fluorocarbon groups can be grafted and the surface roughness increases after plasma treatment.Besides,the surface charge dissipation is decelerated and the positive charge accumulation is inhibited obviously for the treated samples.Furthermore,the surface flashover voltage can be increased by 26.67%after 10 min of treatment.It is considered that strong electron affinity of C–F and increased surface roughness can contribute to deepening surface traps,which not only inhibits the development of secondary electron emission avalanche but also alleviates the surface charge accumulation and finally improves the surface flashover voltage of SIR.展开更多
Due to the safety,high energy density,and rapid charging feature,aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted great attention in large-scale energy storage systems.Although excellent electrochemical performances ha...Due to the safety,high energy density,and rapid charging feature,aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted great attention in large-scale energy storage systems.Although excellent electrochemical performances have been achieved,the cycling stabilities of AZIBs are still unsatisfactory,especially at low current densities,because the cathode materials are prone to being dissolved into electrolytes.Here we develop a unique zincophilic and hydrophobic amorphous additive of ZnSnO_(3)(ZSO),which effectively prevents the irreversible dissolution and deamination of NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)(NVO)cathode.Benefiting from the ingenious design,NVO@ZSO cathode delivers the best cycling stability at a low current density(0.1 A·g^(-1)),with an ultrahigh capacity retention of 98.8% after 300 cycles.Besides,at a high current density of 5 A·g^(-1),the NVO@ZSO cathode still possesses excellent cycling performance,and a reversible capacity of 284.6 mAh·g^(-1)is achieved even after 7000 cycles.The mechanism is clarified with the aid of density function theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations.These findings provide a new paradigm for designing stable cathodes by introducing amorphous additive,which should promote further application exploration of AZIBs at low current densities.展开更多
Bilayer transition-metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)are promising channel materials for state-of-the-art transistors,due to their smaller bandgap,higher carrier mobility,and better electrostatic control than those of the m...Bilayer transition-metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)are promising channel materials for state-of-the-art transistors,due to their smaller bandgap,higher carrier mobility,and better electrostatic control than those of the monolayer counterparts.Epitaxial growth and controllable doping of wafer-scale bilayer TMDCs single crystals are two pivotal tasks to meet the practical applications of high-performance electronic devices.Despite considerable efforts have been made,addressing such fundamental issues simultaneously has yet to be realized.Here we design an ingenious Fe-assisted epitaxial strategy to synthesize centimeter-size uniform bilayer tungsten disulfide(WS_(2))with unidirectional alignment on industry-compatible c-plane sapphire.The introduction of Fe promotes the formation of parallel steps on sapphire surfaces to induce the edge-nucleation of unidirectionally aligned bilayer WS_(2)and the evolution of centimeter-size uniform films.The ionic liquid gated transistors with ultrahigh electron mobility(169 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1))and remarkable on/off current ratio(10^(8))are constructed based on the centimeter-size bilayer Fe-WS_(2),due to the reduction of Schottky barrier width induced by Fe doping.This work provides a simple and general approach for synthesizing and doping of wafer-scale bilayer TMDCs,which should accelerate the further device downscaling to extend Moore’s law.展开更多
Carbon materials are considered as promising anodes of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their low cost,high conductivity,and tunable interlayer spacing.However,the low specific capacity,inferior rate capability,and po...Carbon materials are considered as promising anodes of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their low cost,high conductivity,and tunable interlayer spacing.However,the low specific capacity,inferior rate capability,and poor initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)limit the practical applications.Heteroatom doping is a feasible strategy to address such issues,and the synergistic effect enables dual-element co-doping to further enhance SIBs performances.Here,we synthesize a unique nitrogen(N)and sulfur(S)co-doped mesoporous carbon(SNC)using mesoporous silica as the hard stencil.The ingenious S doping enlarges interlayer spacings,increases defect densities,and enriches active sites.In parallel,the presence of S anions readjusts the center of p-band position in pyridinic-N and the electronic configuration of isolated N atom.Outstanding sodium-ion storage performance is achieved in SNC featured with remarkable ICE(83.8%),high-rate capability(150.0 mAh·g^(-1) at 40 A·g^(-1)),and long-cycle stability(241.6 mAh·g^(-1) at 5 A·g^(-1) after 1600 cycles).The sodium-ion storage mechanism is clarified by combining theory calculations and in-situ/ex-situ experimental characterizations.This work provides a new approach to synthesising dual-element co-doped carbon anodes for enhancing SIBs performances.展开更多
Continuous and long-term use of traditional and new pesticides can result in cross-resistance among pest populations in different fields.Study on the mechanism of cross-resistance and related genes will help resistanc...Continuous and long-term use of traditional and new pesticides can result in cross-resistance among pest populations in different fields.Study on the mechanism of cross-resistance and related genes will help resistance management and field pest control.In this study,the pesticide-resistance mechanism in Spodoptera frugiperda(FAW)was studied with field populations in 3 locations of South China.Field FAW populations were highly resistant to traditional insecticides,chlorpyrifos(organophosphate)and deltamethrin(pyrethroid),and had higher levels of cytochrome P450 activity than a non-resistant laboratory strain.Inhibition of P450 activity by piperonyl butoxide significantly increased the sensitivity of resistant FAW in 3 locations to chlorpyrifos,deltamethrin and chlorantraniliprole(amide),a new type of insecticide,suggesting that P450 detoxification is a critical factor for insecticide resistance in field FAW populations.Transcriptomic analysis indicated that 18 P450 genes were upregulated in the field FAW populations collected in 3 regions and in 2 consecutive years,with CYP321A8,the most significantly upregulated one.Knockdown of CYP321A8 messenger RNA by RNA interference resulted in an increased sensitivity to the 3 tested insecticides in the field FAW.Enzyme activity and molecular docking analyses indicated that CYP321A8 enzyme was able to metabolize the 3 tested insecticides and interact with 8 other types of insecticides,confirming that CYP321A8 is a key cross-resistance gene with a wide range of substrates in the field FAW populations across the different regions and can be used as a biomarker and target for management of FAW insecticide resistance in fields.展开更多
Epitaxy growth and accurate doping of wafer-scale two-dimensional(2D)semiconductor single crystals are two crucial issues to break the scaling limitation of transistors.Despite remarkable progresses have been realized...Epitaxy growth and accurate doping of wafer-scale two-dimensional(2D)semiconductor single crystals are two crucial issues to break the scaling limitation of transistors.Despite remarkable progresses have been realized in preparing large-area 2D n-type semiconductor single crystals,the epitaxy growth of wafer-scale p-type semiconductor single crystals have yet to be realized.Here an in-situ hole doping strategy is proposed to control the domain orientation and modulate the electronic property of monolayer MoS_(2),which enable the achievement of centimeter-sized ptype semiconductor single crystals.The introduction of hole dopants(e.g.,V_(2)O_(5),NH_(4)VO_(3),and VCl_(3))contributes to the parallel steps formation on sapphire surfaces to induce the unidirectional monolayer MoS_(2) domains nucleation.Meanwhile,the electronic property of monolayer MoS_(2) is also changed from n-type semiconducting to p-type.Benefiting from the different doping abilities of V_(2)O_(5),NH_(4)VO_(3),and VCl_(3),the V doping concentrations can be regulated within a large range from 0.36 to 12.60 at%,which delivers an excellent hole mobility(17.6 cm^(2)·V^(–1)·s^(–1)).This work provides a new avenue for synthesizing wafer-scale 2D p-type semiconductor single crystals,which will enrich the device functions and extend Moore’s law.展开更多
The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) is used widely for analyzing decisions made in various real-world applications. Its basic idea is to construct a hierarchy of concepts encountered in a given decision problem and to...The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) is used widely for analyzing decisions made in various real-world applications. Its basic idea is to construct a hierarchy of concepts encountered in a given decision problem and to choose the best alternative according to pairwise comparison matrices given by the decision maker. Under the assumption of fully rational economics, a reasonable decision should be consistent. It becomes an important issue on how to analyze and ensure the consistency of comparison matrices together with the judgments of the decision maker. The main objectives of the present paper are threefold. First, we review the basic idea and methods used to define the consistency and the transitivity of multiplicative reciprocal matrices, additive reciprocal matrices and comparison matrices with fuzzy interval and triangular fuzzy numbers. The existing controversy behind the applications of fuzzy set theory to the AHP in the literature is presented. Second, the consistency of the collective comparison matrices in group decision making based on AHP and fuzzy AHP is further analyzed. We point out that the weak consistency of preference relations with fuzzy numbers in fuzzy AHP and group decision making should be investigated comprehensively. Third, under the consideration of the vagueness in the process of evaluating the judgements, a new concept of fuzzy consistency of comparison matrices in the AHP is given.展开更多
基金the financial support for this research provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51966012) ProjectProgram for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (No. NJYT-18-A12)+2 种基金Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (No. NJZY17491)Major science and Technology Projects in Inner Mongolia (2018)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Graduate Research Innovation Project (No. S20201156Z)。
文摘It is difficult for solanum crops to grow continuously during winter in severe cold regions. Thus, a soil heating system for facility agriculture based on solar concentration technology was proposed, and a novel compound parabolic concentration photothermal and photoelectricity device(CTPV) equipped in the system was designed to address this problem. In accordance with the structure of the device, LightTools optical software was selected to analyze the variation trend of the light escape rate of the device with the diff erent incident angles. On the basis of the calculation results, an experimental test system was used to investigate the relationship of the air temperature of the inlet and the outlet, total output power of the solar cells, and photothermal and photoelectricity efficiency of the device with the operation time during a sunny day. Research results reveal that the light escape rate of the device is 5.36% at an incidence angle of 12°. At a velocity of 1.5 m/s, the maximum air temperature of the outlet can reach 55.6 ℃, and the total output power of the solar cells is 474.4 W. The variation of the total power of the solar cells is consistent with the simulation results. The maximum instantaneous heat collection and the maximum photothermal and photoelectricity efficiency of the device are 306 W and 60.4%, respectively, and the average efficiency is 44.9%. This study can serve as a reference for compound parabolic concentration technology applied for soil heating in facility agricultural soil heating systems.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11775175,U1766218,51827809)Natural Science Research Fund of Higher Education of Anhui Province(No.KJ2020A0246)。
文摘The flashover performance of insulating materials plays an important role in the development of high-voltage insulation systems.In this paper,silicone rubber(SIR)is modified by CF4 radio frequency capacitively coupled plasma(CCP)for the improvement of surface insulation performance.The discharge mode and active particles of CCP are diagnosed by the digital single-lens reflex and the spectrometer.Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used for the surface physicochemical properties of samples,while the surface charge dissipation,charge accumulation measurement,and flashover test are applied for the surface electrical characteristics.Experimental results show that the fluorocarbon groups can be grafted and the surface roughness increases after plasma treatment.Besides,the surface charge dissipation is decelerated and the positive charge accumulation is inhibited obviously for the treated samples.Furthermore,the surface flashover voltage can be increased by 26.67%after 10 min of treatment.It is considered that strong electron affinity of C–F and increased surface roughness can contribute to deepening surface traps,which not only inhibits the development of secondary electron emission avalanche but also alleviates the surface charge accumulation and finally improves the surface flashover voltage of SIR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U24A2055 and 92164103)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1200800)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2024AFA052)Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research,No.2023010201010067)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042023kf0187).
文摘Due to the safety,high energy density,and rapid charging feature,aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted great attention in large-scale energy storage systems.Although excellent electrochemical performances have been achieved,the cycling stabilities of AZIBs are still unsatisfactory,especially at low current densities,because the cathode materials are prone to being dissolved into electrolytes.Here we develop a unique zincophilic and hydrophobic amorphous additive of ZnSnO_(3)(ZSO),which effectively prevents the irreversible dissolution and deamination of NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)(NVO)cathode.Benefiting from the ingenious design,NVO@ZSO cathode delivers the best cycling stability at a low current density(0.1 A·g^(-1)),with an ultrahigh capacity retention of 98.8% after 300 cycles.Besides,at a high current density of 5 A·g^(-1),the NVO@ZSO cathode still possesses excellent cycling performance,and a reversible capacity of 284.6 mAh·g^(-1)is achieved even after 7000 cycles.The mechanism is clarified with the aid of density function theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations.These findings provide a new paradigm for designing stable cathodes by introducing amorphous additive,which should promote further application exploration of AZIBs at low current densities.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1200800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U24A2055, 92164103)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2024AFA052)Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research,No.2023010201010067)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042023kf0187)。
文摘Bilayer transition-metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)are promising channel materials for state-of-the-art transistors,due to their smaller bandgap,higher carrier mobility,and better electrostatic control than those of the monolayer counterparts.Epitaxial growth and controllable doping of wafer-scale bilayer TMDCs single crystals are two pivotal tasks to meet the practical applications of high-performance electronic devices.Despite considerable efforts have been made,addressing such fundamental issues simultaneously has yet to be realized.Here we design an ingenious Fe-assisted epitaxial strategy to synthesize centimeter-size uniform bilayer tungsten disulfide(WS_(2))with unidirectional alignment on industry-compatible c-plane sapphire.The introduction of Fe promotes the formation of parallel steps on sapphire surfaces to induce the edge-nucleation of unidirectionally aligned bilayer WS_(2)and the evolution of centimeter-size uniform films.The ionic liquid gated transistors with ultrahigh electron mobility(169 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1))and remarkable on/off current ratio(10^(8))are constructed based on the centimeter-size bilayer Fe-WS_(2),due to the reduction of Schottky barrier width induced by Fe doping.This work provides a simple and general approach for synthesizing and doping of wafer-scale bilayer TMDCs,which should accelerate the further device downscaling to extend Moore’s law.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92164103 and U24A2055)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1200800)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2024AFA052)Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research,No.2023010201010067)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042023kf0187).
文摘Carbon materials are considered as promising anodes of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their low cost,high conductivity,and tunable interlayer spacing.However,the low specific capacity,inferior rate capability,and poor initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)limit the practical applications.Heteroatom doping is a feasible strategy to address such issues,and the synergistic effect enables dual-element co-doping to further enhance SIBs performances.Here,we synthesize a unique nitrogen(N)and sulfur(S)co-doped mesoporous carbon(SNC)using mesoporous silica as the hard stencil.The ingenious S doping enlarges interlayer spacings,increases defect densities,and enriches active sites.In parallel,the presence of S anions readjusts the center of p-band position in pyridinic-N and the electronic configuration of isolated N atom.Outstanding sodium-ion storage performance is achieved in SNC featured with remarkable ICE(83.8%),high-rate capability(150.0 mAh·g^(-1) at 40 A·g^(-1)),and long-cycle stability(241.6 mAh·g^(-1) at 5 A·g^(-1) after 1600 cycles).The sodium-ion storage mechanism is clarified by combining theory calculations and in-situ/ex-situ experimental characterizations.This work provides a new approach to synthesising dual-element co-doped carbon anodes for enhancing SIBs performances.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFD1400704)Guangdong Province Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(No.2022A1515012601).
文摘Continuous and long-term use of traditional and new pesticides can result in cross-resistance among pest populations in different fields.Study on the mechanism of cross-resistance and related genes will help resistance management and field pest control.In this study,the pesticide-resistance mechanism in Spodoptera frugiperda(FAW)was studied with field populations in 3 locations of South China.Field FAW populations were highly resistant to traditional insecticides,chlorpyrifos(organophosphate)and deltamethrin(pyrethroid),and had higher levels of cytochrome P450 activity than a non-resistant laboratory strain.Inhibition of P450 activity by piperonyl butoxide significantly increased the sensitivity of resistant FAW in 3 locations to chlorpyrifos,deltamethrin and chlorantraniliprole(amide),a new type of insecticide,suggesting that P450 detoxification is a critical factor for insecticide resistance in field FAW populations.Transcriptomic analysis indicated that 18 P450 genes were upregulated in the field FAW populations collected in 3 regions and in 2 consecutive years,with CYP321A8,the most significantly upregulated one.Knockdown of CYP321A8 messenger RNA by RNA interference resulted in an increased sensitivity to the 3 tested insecticides in the field FAW.Enzyme activity and molecular docking analyses indicated that CYP321A8 enzyme was able to metabolize the 3 tested insecticides and interact with 8 other types of insecticides,confirming that CYP321A8 is a key cross-resistance gene with a wide range of substrates in the field FAW populations across the different regions and can be used as a biomarker and target for management of FAW insecticide resistance in fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U24A2055 and 92164103)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1200800)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2024AFA052)the Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan or Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(No.2023010201010067)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042023kf0187).
文摘Epitaxy growth and accurate doping of wafer-scale two-dimensional(2D)semiconductor single crystals are two crucial issues to break the scaling limitation of transistors.Despite remarkable progresses have been realized in preparing large-area 2D n-type semiconductor single crystals,the epitaxy growth of wafer-scale p-type semiconductor single crystals have yet to be realized.Here an in-situ hole doping strategy is proposed to control the domain orientation and modulate the electronic property of monolayer MoS_(2),which enable the achievement of centimeter-sized ptype semiconductor single crystals.The introduction of hole dopants(e.g.,V_(2)O_(5),NH_(4)VO_(3),and VCl_(3))contributes to the parallel steps formation on sapphire surfaces to induce the unidirectional monolayer MoS_(2) domains nucleation.Meanwhile,the electronic property of monolayer MoS_(2) is also changed from n-type semiconducting to p-type.Benefiting from the different doping abilities of V_(2)O_(5),NH_(4)VO_(3),and VCl_(3),the V doping concentrations can be regulated within a large range from 0.36 to 12.60 at%,which delivers an excellent hole mobility(17.6 cm^(2)·V^(–1)·s^(–1)).This work provides a new avenue for synthesizing wafer-scale 2D p-type semiconductor single crystals,which will enrich the device functions and extend Moore’s law.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71201037,71232014,71571054)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2014M560794)+2 种基金2014 Shaanxi Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project,Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2014GXNSFAA118013)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(2016GXNSFFA380004)Science Foundation of Guangxi University for Young Ph.D.(XBZ160257)
文摘The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) is used widely for analyzing decisions made in various real-world applications. Its basic idea is to construct a hierarchy of concepts encountered in a given decision problem and to choose the best alternative according to pairwise comparison matrices given by the decision maker. Under the assumption of fully rational economics, a reasonable decision should be consistent. It becomes an important issue on how to analyze and ensure the consistency of comparison matrices together with the judgments of the decision maker. The main objectives of the present paper are threefold. First, we review the basic idea and methods used to define the consistency and the transitivity of multiplicative reciprocal matrices, additive reciprocal matrices and comparison matrices with fuzzy interval and triangular fuzzy numbers. The existing controversy behind the applications of fuzzy set theory to the AHP in the literature is presented. Second, the consistency of the collective comparison matrices in group decision making based on AHP and fuzzy AHP is further analyzed. We point out that the weak consistency of preference relations with fuzzy numbers in fuzzy AHP and group decision making should be investigated comprehensively. Third, under the consideration of the vagueness in the process of evaluating the judgements, a new concept of fuzzy consistency of comparison matrices in the AHP is given.
